Du bon usage de l'Indien : indianité et américanité en littérature dans les colonies britanniques et la jeune république des États-Unis

International audienceNous nous proposons ici d’étudier une modalité de construction de l’identité américaine dans le contexte de l’émancipation des colonies britanniques à la fin du XVIIIe et de la naissance de la jeune république des États-Unis au début du XIXe siècle.À la fin du XIXe siècle, l’historien Frederick Jackson Turner pressentit le rôle de l’indianisation des colons dans la construction de l’américanité dans les colonies britanniques et l’Ouest des États-Unis. Plus récemment, Philip J. Deloria étudia la façon dont l’Indien fut réinvesti de signification, notamment à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, au moment où se construisait l’identité nationale. Nous nous proposons donc d’étudier la façon dont les non-Indiens investirent l’indianité de nouvelles valeurs et l’utilisèrent pour se construire une identité américaine, en particulier en littérature.Alors que la littérature puritaine de la fin du XVIIe siècle avait littéralement diabolisé le monde indien, le genre du romance au début du XIXe siècle annonça quant à lui le règne de l’Indien romanticisé. Il s’agit alors de se pencher sur le moment politique où se joue l’évolution de l’indianité dans la jeune littérature américaine anglo-saxonne. Alors que l’emprise politique et économique de la métropole provoque un sentiment de rébellion chez les colons britanniques, l’identité américaine devient un enjeu de leur émancipation. Le recours à la figure de l’Indien est alors un moyen de revendiquer une identité indigène, une spécificité culturelle et une autonomie politique. On s’intéressera notamment à l'hybridité du white Indian dans le mythe émergent du frontiersman, et notamment à la figure de Daniel Boone, dont les premières Aventures sont publiées en 1784. Les résultats de cette étude ne devraient pas témoigner d’un simple basculement de l’image-repoussoir du mauvais sauvage à l’image revendiquée du bon sauvage, mais plutôt faire apparaître un processus complexe de construction identitaire qui a pour effet paradoxal de nier la véritable identité amérindienne

Recent Examples of Cut and Fill Reinforcement on A41-Highway in France

At EVIRES PASS, between ANNECY and MONT BLANC in FRANCE, subsoil is made up of unstable clayey natural versants and marly bedrock affected by previous or current slidings. The problems encountered during the new A41-Highway construction were aggravated by the proximity of Road and Railway located on top of the same versant. The final Design consisted of succession of cuts and embankments with special soil reinforcement techniques to improve stability. So two existing unstable Railway embankments were promptly consolidated by soil nailing with driven steel dowel-piles which were either anchored or not. Two other high cuts in marls and sandstones affected by previous landslides were reinforced by incorporation of several ranges of anchored concrete slabs. A high embankment on inclined Soft Soil was founded on stone-columns made of crushed limestone strongly compacted in order to provide safety against sliding. Control instruments were installed prior and after performance of works, with a view to observe the actual behaviour of the performed reinforcements and to adapt the Project if necessary

Education financing in Vietnam

Vietnam currently witnesses unprecedented development, marked by rapid and sustained economic growth. With regard to current average income, Vietnam has made remarkable achievements in education since the beginning of “Renovation”. UNESCO has recognised the achievement of the country with universal primary education for both boys and girls as a world record. The part of population aged 25-55 with no education fell from 23 % in 1992 to less than 1 % in 2008. Since 2006, the proportion of child..

Engagement with Ethnic Practices: How Ethnic Communities Contribute to Second-Generation Asian American Assimilation

Previous research on spatial assimilation has described ethnic enclaves as places withmany recently arrived immigrants and fewer socioeconomic resources. As immigrants become more assimilated, they move to more affluent neighborhoods in proximity to Anglos. However, recent studies on resurgent ethnicity challenge the idea of the spatial assimilation by suggesting that Asian immigrants and subsequent generations continue to live near co-ethnics, despite gaining socioeconomic status. The transition from traditional ethnic enclaves to resurgent ethnic communities or ‘ethnoburbs’ indicate shifting understandings of what ethnic communities mean to Asian Americans. Although, Asian Americans are, on average, attaining higher socioeconomic status, the emergent importance of ethnic communities may still offer a social and physical space for engaging with ethnic practices. This indicates that Asian Americans are finding pathways to assimilation that allow them to retain their ethnic practices. Spatial assimilation theory remains important when considering Asian American residential patterns. However, weakening links between suburbanization and acculturation, weakening native-born advantages, and the growth of suburban Asian communities indicate that Asian Americans may not fit as neatly into the spatial assimilation model as previously thought. As the population of second-generation Asian Americans grows, understanding how they engage with ethnic practices has broader implications for understanding assimilation within an American mainstream which embraces ethnic distinctions. This research addresses the question: How do contemporary ethnic communities contribute to ethnic practices of second-generation Asian Americans? I interviewed 20 second-generation Asian Americans and found that ethnic communities shaped how they were able to engage and maintain ethnic practices in a way that still allowed them to belong to the American mainstream. Many described that as they found ethnic communities, they felt a renewed sense of desire to reconnect with their ethnic practices and gained confidence in what it means to be Asian. However, moving forward many are looking for more diverse communities and see the importance of racial and cultural diversity in their friend groups and neighborhoods. Future research should expand the study population to include considerations for how Asian Americans, who are unable to assimilate, may engage with ethnic practices given their ethnic communities, or lack thereof. It is especially important to consider how those who are low income and have low socioeconomic status engage with ethnic practices in ways that do or do not lead to upward mobility and assimilation

On space-bounded synchronized alternating Turing machines

AbstractWe continue the study of the computational power of synchronized alternating Turing machines (SATM) introduced in (Hromkovič 1986, Slobodová 1987, 1988a, b) to allow communication via synchronization among processes of alternating Turing machines. We are interested in comparing the four main classes of space-bounded synchronized alternating Turing machines obtained by adding or removing off-line capability and nondeterminism (1SUTM(S(n)), SUTM(S(n)), 1SATM(S(n)), and SATM(S(n)) against one another and against other variants of alternating Turing machines. Denoting the class of languages accepted by machines in C by L(C), we show as our main results that L(1SUTM(S(n))) ⊂ L(SUTM(S(n))) ⊂ L(1SATM(S(n)))= L(SATM(S(n))) for all space-bounded functions S(n)ϵo(n), and L(1SUTM(S(n)))= L(SUTM(S(n))) ⊂ L(1SATM(S(n)))=L(SATM(S(n))) for S(n)) ⩾ n. Furthermore, we show that for log log(n) ⩽ S(n)ϵo(log(n)), L(1SUTM(S(n))) is incomparable to L[1] ATM(S(n))). L(UTM(S(n))), L(1MUTM(S(n))), and L(MUTM(S(n))), where MATMs are alternating Turing machines with modified acceptance proposed in (Inoue 1989); in contrast, we show that these relationships become proper inclusions when log(n) ⩽ S(n)ϵo(n).For deterministic synchronized alternating finite automata with at most k processes (1DSA(k)FA and DSA(k)FA) we establish a tight hierarchy on the number of processes for the one-way case, namely, L(1DSA(n)FA) ⊂ L(1DSA(n+1)FA) for all n > 0, and show that L(1DFA(2)) − ∪k=1∞L(DSA(k)FA) ≠ ∅, where DFA(k) denotes deterministic k-head finite automata. Finally we investigate closure properties under Boolean operations for some of these classes of languages

Sing my Khomus. Jew’s Harp of the Sakhat (Yakuti) People, Eastern Siberia. Ivan Alexeyev & Spiridon Shishigin

Il existe très peu de disques sur la guimbarde. Le grand virtuose yakoute Ivan Alexeyev a joué pour tout un disque microsillon (Ivan Alexeyev: Xomus, LP Melodia C30-08081-82, 1973) plusieurs morceaux de guimbarde avec une virtuosité incomparable. Ensuite, John Wright, un autre virtuose, de nationalité britannique, a promu cet instrument en Europe avec un disque sur la guimbarde (La Guimbarde par John Wright, LP Le Chant du Monde LDX 74434, collection Spécial Instrumental, 1971) et, avec Genev..

Urbanisme et participation publique : l'expérience des comités-conseils d'arrondissement de la Ville de Montréal (1988-1995)

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến nhu cầu du lịch nội địa của nhân viên văn phòng tại thành phố Cần Thơ

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến nhu cầu du lịch nội địa của nhân viên văn phòng trên địa bàn thành phố Cần Thơ. Phương pháp phân tích nhân tố khám phá kết hợp với hồi quy tuyến tính được sử dụng để thực hiện mục tiêu nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy hai nhóm nhân tố có tác động tích cực đến nhu cầu du lịch nội địa là yếu tố ngẫu nhiên và yếu tố văn hóa - xã hội, riêng nhóm nhân tố chi phí có hướng ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến nhu cầu du lịch nội địa của nhân viên văn phòng. Trên cở sở kết quả nghiên cứu này, một số khuyến nghị chính sách đã được đề xuất cho các doanh nghiệp du lịch tại thành phố Cần Thơ trong việc hình thành chiến lược thúc đẩy nhu cầu du lịch nội địa của bộ phận nhân viên văn phòng

Sing my Khomus. Jew’s Harp of the Sakhat (Yakuti) People, Eastern Siberia. Ivan Alexeyev & Spiridon Shishigin

Il existe très peu de disques sur la guimbarde. Le grand virtuose yakoute Ivan Alexeyev a joué pour tout un disque microsillon (Ivan Alexeyev: Xomus, LP Melodia C30-08081-82, 1973) plusieurs morceaux de guimbarde avec une virtuosité incomparable. Ensuite, John Wright, un autre virtuose, de nationalité britannique, a promu cet instrument en Europe avec un disque sur la guimbarde (La Guimbarde par John Wright, LP Le Chant du Monde LDX 74434, collection Spécial Instrumental, 1971) et, avec Genev..

Demokratiebildung in Verfahren der Qualitätsentwicklung in Kitas: Eine Dokumentenanalyse. Zur Stellung von Partizipation, Kinderrechten, Diversität, Diskriminierungskritik und Inklusion in der kindheitspädagogischen Qualitätslandschaft

Partizipation, Kinderrechte, Diversität, Anti-Diskriminierung und Inklusion – leere Schlagworte oder verankerter Bestandteil der Demokratiebildung in Kindertageseinrichtungen? Die Autorin untersucht 21 Qualitätsverfahren in der Kindheitspädagogik und macht deutlich, dass es einen deutlichen Handlungsbedarf gibt. Dies gilt besonders in Bezug auf eine diskriminierungskritische und diversitätssensible Weiterentwicklung im Qualitätsdiskurs. Die explizite Ausgestaltung von Partizipation, Inklusion und die Ausrichtung an Kinderrechten sind zentrale organisationale Aufgaben in der Priorisierung und Verankerung von Demokratiebildung in der Kindheit. Die nationale Qualitätsoffensive von 1999 beförderte die inhaltlich-konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung von Qualitätsverfahren und -instrumenten in Kindertageseinrichtungen. Konzeptionelle Ansätze, Managementstrategien und standardisierte Instrumente entstanden. Doch wer definiert „gute“ Qualität und wie? Verschiedene Qualitätsverständnisse führten zu heterogenen Verfahren in der elementarpädagogischen Bildungslandschaft. Die Autorin wirft in der vorliegenden Dokumentenanalyse zu Demokratiebildung in Qualitätsverfahren der Fachstelle Kinderwelten (2021-2023) einen kritischen Blick auf die Qualitätskriterien. (DIPF/Orig.