La influencia de la felicidad en la productividad de una empresa

En la actualidad las empresas analizan sus resultados utilizando diversas variables contables, financieras o productivas; empero pocas veces profundizan en el sentir de sus empleados y cómo los aspectos subjetivos, entre ellos la felicidad podrían tener una influencia positiva en el rendimiento operativo y financiero de la empresa; es decir lo dejan como constante (Fisher, 2010). Debido a este análisis incompleto, hoy existe la percepción de que las emociones influyen en la productividad de los empleados; sin embargo no abundan correlaciones estadísticas que lo evidencien (Whitmore, 2012). En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio será determinar la influencia que tiene la felicidad sobre la productividad de una empresa. Para ello se realizó una investigación con los colaboradores de la Gerencia de Proyectos de la empresa CONCAR, compañía peruana especializada en infraestructura vial y ferroviaria perteneciente al grupo Graña y Montero, la cual en los últimos años viene enfrentándose a un escenario económico adverso; esto debido a la caída generalizada del sector construcción (Espinoza, 2018) y el exceso en la fiscalización de las obras por parte del Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Infraestructura de Transporte de Uso Público (OSITRAN, 2018); sin embargo esto puede ser tomado como una oportunidad de mejora, evitando de este modo un mayor decrecimiento en los niveles de productividad que la vienen aquejando. Para determinar si la felicidad influye sobre productividad de la empresa se utilizó la encuesta de la Escala de Felicidad de Lima de Alarcón (2006) por la aceptación e importancia del instrumento, el cual ha sido utilizado en diversos estudios nacionales e internacionales relacionados con la felicidad. El cuestionario permitió medir los niveles de felicidad, respecto a las cuatro dimensiones de la felicidad: (a) sentido positivo de la vida; (b) satisfacción con la vida; (c) realización personal; y (d) alegría de vivir; relacionándolas con los resultados de productividad obtenidos de la última evaluación de productividad realizada por la empresa CONCAR a sus colaboradores (CONCAR, 2018). Para esta investigación se aplicó la encuesta de la Escala de Felicidad de Lima de Alarcón (2006) a una muestra representativa de 322 personas, la cual fue obtenida estadísticamente de una población total de 2000 colaboradores de la Gerencia de Proyectos de la empresa CONCAR. Si bien los resultados generales obtenidos indican que la felicidad no influye de manera significativa en la productividad de la empresa; se encontró que existe una asociación significativa pero débil entre felicidad y productividad para el sexo mujer en las dimensiones de la felicidad (a) realización personal y (b) satisfacción con la vida. Estos resultados sugieren que se deben realizar nuevas investigaciones con el mismo enfoque cuantitativo y alcance correlacional, teniendo en cuenta la realidad y las necesidades de las empresas; esto permitirá la generación de planes estratégicos orientados a mejorar la felicidad y la productividad de los colaboradores de la empresa (Kotler & Hermawan, 2011).Nowadays, companies analyze their results using various accounting, financial or productive variables; but seldom they delve into the feelings of their employees and how the subjective aspects, among them, happiness could have a positive influence on the operational and financial performance of the company; that is to say they leave it as constant (Fisher, 2010). Due to this incomplete analysis, there is now a perception that emotions influence employee productivity; however, there are no statistical correlations that evidence him (Whitmore, 2012). In this sense, the objective of this study will be to determine the influence of happiness on productivity in the company. For this, an investigation was carried out with CONCAR’s project management employees, a Peruvian company specialized in road and railway infrastructure belonging to the group Graña and Montero, which in the recent years has been facing an adverse economic scenario, due to the decrease of the civil construction sector (Espinoza, 2018) and the over-control of the works by the Peruvian supervisory Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Infraestructura de Transporte de Uso Público (OSITRAN, 2018); however this can be taken as an opportunity to improve, thus avoiding a greater decrease in the levels of productivity that are afflicting it. To determine if happiness influences productivity in the company was used the survey of the Escala de la Felicidad de Lima of Alarcón (2006), this due to the acceptance and importance of the instrument, which has been used in various national studies and international related to happiness. The questionnaire allowed to measure the levels of happiness according to the four dimensions of Happiness: (a) positive sense of life; (b) Satisfaction with life; (c) Personal fulfillment; and (d) Joy of living; combined with the productivity results obtained from the last productivity evaluation carried out by the company CONCAR to its collaborators (CONCAR, 2018). For this research, the survey of the Escala de la Felicidad de Lima of Alarcón (2006) was applied to a representative sample of 322 people obtained statistically from a total population of 2000 collaborators of the project management of the company CONCAR. While overall results indicate that happiness does not significantly influence productivity in the company; it was found that there is a significant but weak correlation between happiness and productivity for women in the dimensions of happiness (a) personal fulfillment and (b) satisfaction with life. These results suggest that new research should be carried out with the same quantitative approach and correlational scope, taking into account the reality and the needs of the companies; this will enable them to generate strategic plans aimed at improving the happiness and productivity of the collaborators in the company (Kotler & Hermawan, 2011).Tesi

Análisis de la regulación laboral en el Perú : comentarios y perspectivas hacia una nueva Ley General del Trabajo

El artículo no presenta resumen

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the postoperative management of cholesteatomas

A tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética (RM) com seqüências convencionais têm baixa especificidade para a diferenciação entre tecido de granulação e recidiva de colesteatoma. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicação da RM com sequência de difusão e pós-contraste T1 tardio na detecção de recidiva de colesteatoma. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Realizado estudo transversal prospectivo de dezessete pacientes estudados no pós-operatório de colesteatoma utilizando RM de 1.5 T com seqüência difusão, T1, T2 e pós-contraste T1 tardio nos planos coronal e axial. Dois radiologistas avaliaram e decidiram em consenso a presença de foco de hipersinal na difusão e T2, iso/hipossinal em T1 e ausência de impregnação pelo contraste como suspeitos de recidiva de colesteatoma. Os achados da revisão cirúrgica foram comparados com o resultado da RM. RESULTADOS: Onze dos doze casos de recidiva de colesteatoma apresentaram hipersinal na difusão. Todos os pacientes com tecido de granulação na cavidade cirúrgica não apresentaram alteração de sinal na difusão. Um paciente com abscesso no conduto auditivo interno também apresentou hipersinal na difusão. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo foram respectivamente 91,6%, 60%, 84,6% e 75%. CONCLUSÃO: A seqüência de difusão combinada com pós-contraste tardio pode ser útil na diferenciação entre tecido de granulação e recidiva de colesteatoma.Conventional CT and MRI scans have low specificity when it comes to differentiating granulation tissue from relapsing cholesteatoma. AIM: this paper aims to analyze the use of DWI and delayed post-contrast T1-weighed imaging in the detection of recurring cholesteatomas. MATERIALS AND METHOD: this is a cross-sectional prospective study that looked at 17 cholesteatoma patients postoperatively. All patients underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5T, T1, T2, and delayed post-contrast T1 and images were produced from both coronal and axial planes. Two radiologists assessed the images and decided consensually that the presence of hyperintensive signal in DWI on T2, iso/hypointensive signal on T1, and absence of contrast uptake were indicative of relapsing cholesteatoma. Surgical review findings were compared to DWI scans. RESULTS: eleven of the twelve cases of recurring cholesteatoma presented hyperintensive signal in the DWI scans. None of the patients with granulation tissue in the surgical wound presented hyperintensive signal in the DWI scans. A patient with an abscess in the internal acoustic meatus also presented a hyperintensive signal in the DWI scans. Sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.6%, 60.0%, 84.6%, and 75.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: DWI combined with delayed post-contrast T1 SE sequence proved to be useful in the differential diagnosis of granulation tissue and recurring cholesteatoma

Proteins of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi confer protection associated with Th1 immune response and memory generation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Leishmania (Viannia) shawi </it>parasite was first characterized in 1989. Recently the protective effects of soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) from <it>L. (V.) shawi </it>promastigotes were demonstrated using BALB/c mice, the susceptibility model for this parasite. In order to identify protective fractions, SLA was fractionated by reverse phase HPLC and five antigenic fractions were obtained.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>F1 fraction was purified from L. (V.) shawi parasite extract by reverse phase HPLC. BALB/c mice were immunized once a week for two consecutive weeks by subcutaneous routes in the rump, using 25 μg of F1. After 1 and 16 weeks of last immunization, groups were challenged in the footpad with L. (V.) shawi promastigotes. After 2 months, those same mice were sacrificed and parasite burden, cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The F1 fraction induced a high degree of protection associated with an increase in IFN-γ, a decrease in IL-4, increased cell proliferation and activation of CD8⁺T lymphocytes. Long-term protection was acquired in F1-immunized mice, associated with increased CD4⁺central memory T lymphocytes and activation of both CD4⁺and CD8⁺T cells. In addition, F1-immunized groups showed an increase in IgG2a levels.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The inductor capability of antigens to generate memory lymphocytes that can proliferate and secrete beneficial cytokines upon infection could be an important factor in the development of vaccine candidates against American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.</p

Optical Trapping with High Forces Reveals Unexpected Behaviors of Prion Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are important in diverse cellular functions, feature in many human diseases and have potential applications in nanotechnology. Here we describe methods that combine optical trapping and fluorescent imaging to characterize the forces that govern the integrity of amyloid fibrils formed by a yeast prion protein. A crucial advance was to use the self-templating properties of amyloidogenic proteins to tether prion fibrils, enabling their manipulation in the optical trap. At normal pulling forces the fibrils were impervious to disruption. At much higher forces (up to 250 pN), discontinuities occurred in force-extension traces before fibril rupture. Experiments with selective amyloid-disrupting agents and mutations demonstrated that such discontinuities were caused by the unfolding of individual subdomains. Thus, our results reveal unusually strong noncovalent intermolecular contacts that maintain fibril integrity even when individual monomers partially unfold and extend fibril length.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM025874)National Science Foundation (U.S.). CAREER (Award 0643745

Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival

Abstract Introduction Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Methods A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value <0.05 were included. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously reported as nominally associated with at least one survival outcome were evaluated in the pooled analysis of over 37,000 breast cancer cases for association with breast cancer-specific survival. Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect. Results Fifty-six variants from 45 previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Fifty-four of these were evaluated in the full set of 37,954 breast cancer cases with 2,900 events and the two additional variants were evaluated in a reduced sample size of 30,000 samples in order to ensure independence from the previously published studies. Five variants reached nominal significance (P <0.05) in the pooled GWAS data compared to 2.8 expected under the null hypothesis. Seven additional variants were associated (P <0.05) with ER-positive disease. Conclusions Although no variants reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10−8), these results suggest that there is some evidence of association between candidate common germline variants and breast cancer prognosis. Larger studies from multinational collaborations are necessary to increase the power to detect associations, between common variants and prognosis, at more stringent significance levels

GPS Laboral: La facultad de Fiscalización del Empleador a partir de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información

The authors analyze the exercise of the power of controlregarding new technologies of information. Particularly, the use of GPs Tracking as a tool that the employer relies on to verify that workers fulfill their work. Firstly, the authors explain how these technologies are used at workplaces and their lack of regulation in Peruvian Law. Then, they explain the conditions necessary for not violating the workers’fundamental rights when using this tool. Finally, they discuss the case law and precedents, as well as cases seen by theNational Labour Authority.Los autores analizan el ejercicio de la facultad de fiscalización a partir de las nuevas tecnologías de la información. en concreto, al uso del GPS como herramienta de la que se vale el empleador para cerciorarse que el trabajador cumple con sus labores. en primer lugar, se hace una explicación sobre el uso de estas tecnologías en el ámbito laboral y su falta de previsión por la normativa peruana. A continuación, explican las condiciones necesarias para que el ejercicio del GPS no vulnere los derechos fundamentales del trabajador. Finalmente, se analiza las decisiones y precedentes en la jurisprudencia, así como los casos vistos por la Superintendencia Nacional de Fiscalización Laboral

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