Defect‐Driven Magnetization Configuration of Isolated Linear Assemblies of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

International audienceThe magnetization state of one-dimensional magnetic nanoparticle chains plays a key role for a wide range of applications ranging from diagnosis and therapy in medicine to actuators, sensors and quantum recording media. The interplay between the exact particle orientation and the magnetic anisotropy is in turn crucial for controlling the overall magnetization state with high precision. Here, we report on a three-dimensional description of the magnetic structure of one-NP-wide chains. In this aim, we combined two complementary experimental techniques, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and electronic holography (EH) which are sensitive to out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization components, respectively. We extended our approach to micromagnetic simulations which provided results in good agreement with MFM and EH. The findings are at variance with the known results on unidirectional nanoparticle assemblies, and show that magnetization is rarely strictly collinear to the chain axis. The magnetic structure of one-NP-wide chains can be interpreted as head-to-head magnetic domain structures with off-axis magnetization components, which is very sensitive to morphological defects in the chain structure such as minute size variation of NPs, tiny misalignment of NPs and/or crystal orientation with respect to easy magnetization axis

Bioaffinity sensor based on nanoarchitectonic films: control of the specific adsorption of proteins through the dual role of an ethylene oxide spacer.

The identification and quantification of biomarkers or proteins is a real challenge in allowing the early detection of diseases. The functionalization of the biosensor surface has to be properly designed to prevent nonspecific interactions and to detect the biomolecule of interest specifically. A multilayered nanoarchitecture, based on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM) and the sequential immobilization of streptavidin and a biotinylated antibody, was elaborated as a promising platform for the label-free sensing of targeted proteins. We choose ovalbumin as an example. Thanks to the versatility of PEM films, the platform was built on two types of sensor surface and was evaluated using both optical- and viscoelastic-based techniques, namely, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy and the quartz crystal microbalance, respectively. A library of biotinylated poly(acrylic acids) (PAAs) was synthesized by grafting biotin moieties at different grafting ratios (GR). The biotin moieties were linked to the PAA chains through ethylene oxide (EO) spacers of different lengths. The adsorption of the PAA-EOn-biotin (GR) layer on a PEM precursor film allows tuning the surface density in biotin and thus the streptavidin adsorption mainly through the grafting ratio. The nonspecific adsorption of serum was reduced and even suppressed depending on the length of the EO arms. We showed that to obtain an antifouling polyelectrolyte the grafting of EO9 or EO19 chains at 25% in GR is sufficient. Thus, the spacer has a dual role: ensuring the antifouling property and allowing the accessibility of biotin moieties. Finally, an optimized platform based on the PAA-EO9-biotin (25%)/streptavidin/biotinylated-antibody architecture was built and demonstrated promising performance as interface architecture for bioaffinity sensing of a targeted protein, in our case, ovalbumin.journal articleresearch support, non-u.s. gov't2013 Jun 182013 02 11importe

Assembling strategies of magnetic nanoparticles onto functionalized surfaces by click chemistry

Cette thèse présente une nouvelle méthode d’assemblage de nanoparticules (NPs) magnétiques par une approche de chimie « click » sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées par des molécules organiques (self-assembled monolayers, SAMs). Le contrôle précis de la nanostructure des assemblages permet d’étudier les propriétés magnétiques collectives des NPs modulées par les interactions dipolaires. Un état de l’art des travaux décrits dans la littérature est présenté sur la synthèse de NPs d’oxydes métalliques, les enjeux et méthodes d’assemblage de NPs magnétiques ainsi que les propriétés magnétiques des NPs. Plusieurs types de NPs d’oxydes de fer présentant différentes tailles, morphologies (sphère, cube, tétrapode) et structures internes (coeur-coquille) sont synthétisés par la méthode de décomposition thermique La méthode développée d’assemblage des NPs consiste en une réaction dite « Copper (I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition » (CuAAC), basée sur les interactions spécifiques entre des groupes alcyne et azoture présents à la surface des NPs et des SAMs. La fonctionnalisation des NPs et la préparation des SAMs sont également décrites. En modulant les conditions opératoires lors de la réaction d’assemblage, différentes nanostructures (films denses, NPs spatialement isolées ou chaînes de NPs) sont obtenues dans le but d’étudier les propriétés magnétiques collectives des NPs dans les assemblages. Un effet de la distance interparticule et de la mise en forme des NPs en 2D sur les interactions dipolaires sont mis en évidence. La réaction de click pour l’assemblage de NPs est ensuite perfectionnée, d’une part, la diminution du temps de la réaction d’assemblage en présence de radiations microondes, et d’autre part la préparation de films multicouches de NPs « one-pot » en contrôlant la réaction de click par électrochimie. Enfin des dispositifs magnéto-résistifs sont élaborés en déposant des assemblages denses de nanoparticules entre deux électrodes distantes d’une centaine de nanomètres.This thesis aims to develop a new method to control the assembling of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) by “click” chemistry onto surfaces functionalized by organic molecules (self-assembled monolayers, SAMs). The high control on the nanostructure of NP assemblies results in the study of the collective magnetic properties. The state of the art, on the NPs synthesis, on the issues and methods of the assembling of magnetic NPs and on the magnetic properties of NPs films is established. The NPs of different sizes, morphologies and inner structures are synthesised by thermal decomposition. Self assembled monolayers (SAMs) are deposited on the substrates to address their surface for the NPs assembling. This assembling is achieved by specific interactions between alkyne and azide groups worn by the NPs and the SAM by theCopper Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction which leads to covalent and irreversible anchoring of the NPs onto the substrate’s surface. Various nanostructures of NP assemblies (spatially isolated NPs, dense films, NPs chains) are obtained in order to study their magnetic properties. The interparticule distance and the dimensionality of the assembly (2D, 1D) are shown to strongly modulate dipolar interactions. The assembling by click chemistry is then improved by two means: (i) microwave activation to shorten the reaction time and (ii) control of the reaction by electrochemistry and 3D films preparation. This method is suitable for the elaboration of magnetoresitive devices by deposition of dense films of NPs between electrodes remote from a hundred of nanometers

Assembling strategies of magnetic nanoparticles onto functionalized surfaces by click chemistry

Cette thèse présente une nouvelle méthode d’assemblage de nanoparticules (NPs) magnétiques par une approche de chimie « click » sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées par des molécules organiques (self-assembled monolayers, SAMs). Le contrôle précis de la nanostructure des assemblages permet d’étudier les propriétés magnétiques collectives des NPs modulées par les interactions dipolaires. Un état de l’art des travaux décrits dans la littérature est présenté sur la synthèse de NPs d’oxydes métalliques, les enjeux et méthodes d’assemblage de NPs magnétiques ainsi que les propriétés magnétiques des NPs. Plusieurs types de NPs d’oxydes de fer présentant différentes tailles, morphologies (sphère, cube, tétrapode) et structures internes (coeur-coquille) sont synthétisés par la méthode de décomposition thermique La méthode développée d’assemblage des NPs consiste en une réaction dite « Copper (I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition » (CuAAC), basée sur les interactions spécifiques entre des groupes alcyne et azoture présents à la surface des NPs et des SAMs. La fonctionnalisation des NPs et la préparation des SAMs sont également décrites. En modulant les conditions opératoires lors de la réaction d’assemblage, différentes nanostructures (films denses, NPs spatialement isolées ou chaînes de NPs) sont obtenues dans le but d’étudier les propriétés magnétiques collectives des NPs dans les assemblages. Un effet de la distance interparticule et de la mise en forme des NPs en 2D sur les interactions dipolaires sont mis en évidence. La réaction de click pour l’assemblage de NPs est ensuite perfectionnée, d’une part, la diminution du temps de la réaction d’assemblage en présence de radiations microondes, et d’autre part la préparation de films multicouches de NPs « one-pot » en contrôlant la réaction de click par électrochimie. Enfin des dispositifs magnéto-résistifs sont élaborés en déposant des assemblages denses de nanoparticules entre deux électrodes distantes d’une centaine de nanomètres.This thesis aims to develop a new method to control the assembling of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) by “click” chemistry onto surfaces functionalized by organic molecules (self-assembled monolayers, SAMs). The high control on the nanostructure of NP assemblies results in the study of the collective magnetic properties. The state of the art, on the NPs synthesis, on the issues and methods of the assembling of magnetic NPs and on the magnetic properties of NPs films is established. The NPs of different sizes, morphologies and inner structures are synthesised by thermal decomposition. Self assembled monolayers (SAMs) are deposited on the substrates to address their surface for the NPs assembling. This assembling is achieved by specific interactions between alkyne and azide groups worn by the NPs and the SAM by theCopper Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction which leads to covalent and irreversible anchoring of the NPs onto the substrate’s surface. Various nanostructures of NP assemblies (spatially isolated NPs, dense films, NPs chains) are obtained in order to study their magnetic properties. The interparticule distance and the dimensionality of the assembly (2D, 1D) are shown to strongly modulate dipolar interactions. The assembling by click chemistry is then improved by two means: (i) microwave activation to shorten the reaction time and (ii) control of the reaction by electrochemistry and 3D films preparation. This method is suitable for the elaboration of magnetoresitive devices by deposition of dense films of NPs between electrodes remote from a hundred of nanometers

Stratégies d'assemblage par chimie "click" de nanoparticules magnétiques sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées

This thesis aims to develop a new method to control the assembling of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) by “click” chemistry onto surfaces functionalized by organic molecules (self-assembled monolayers, SAMs). The high control on the nanostructure of NP assemblies results in the study of the collective magnetic properties. The state of the art, on the NPs synthesis, on the issues and methods of the assembling of magnetic NPs and on the magnetic properties of NPs films is established. The NPs of different sizes, morphologies and inner structures are synthesised by thermal decomposition. Self assembled monolayers (SAMs) are deposited on the substrates to address their surface for the NPs assembling. This assembling is achieved by specific interactions between alkyne and azide groups worn by the NPs and the SAM by theCopper Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction which leads to covalent and irreversible anchoring of the NPs onto the substrate’s surface. Various nanostructures of NP assemblies (spatially isolated NPs, dense films, NPs chains) are obtained in order to study their magnetic properties. The interparticule distance and the dimensionality of the assembly (2D, 1D) are shown to strongly modulate dipolar interactions. The assembling by click chemistry is then improved by two means: (i) microwave activation to shorten the reaction time and (ii) control of the reaction by electrochemistry and 3D films preparation. This method is suitable for the elaboration of magnetoresitive devices by deposition of dense films of NPs between electrodes remote from a hundred of nanometers.Cette thèse présente une nouvelle méthode d’assemblage de nanoparticules (NPs) magnétiques par une approche de chimie « click » sur des surfaces fonctionnalisées par des molécules organiques (self-assembled monolayers, SAMs). Le contrôle précis de la nanostructure des assemblages permet d’étudier les propriétés magnétiques collectives des NPs modulées par les interactions dipolaires. Un état de l’art des travaux décrits dans la littérature est présenté sur la synthèse de NPs d’oxydes métalliques, les enjeux et méthodes d’assemblage de NPs magnétiques ainsi que les propriétés magnétiques des NPs. Plusieurs types de NPs d’oxydes de fer présentant différentes tailles, morphologies (sphère, cube, tétrapode) et structures internes (coeur-coquille) sont synthétisés par la méthode de décomposition thermique La méthode développée d’assemblage des NPs consiste en une réaction dite « Copper (I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition » (CuAAC), basée sur les interactions spécifiques entre des groupes alcyne et azoture présents à la surface des NPs et des SAMs. La fonctionnalisation des NPs et la préparation des SAMs sont également décrites. En modulant les conditions opératoires lors de la réaction d’assemblage, différentes nanostructures (films denses, NPs spatialement isolées ou chaînes de NPs) sont obtenues dans le but d’étudier les propriétés magnétiques collectives des NPs dans les assemblages. Un effet de la distance interparticule et de la mise en forme des NPs en 2D sur les interactions dipolaires sont mis en évidence. La réaction de click pour l’assemblage de NPs est ensuite perfectionnée, d’une part, la diminution du temps de la réaction d’assemblage en présence de radiations microondes, et d’autre part la préparation de films multicouches de NPs « one-pot » en contrôlant la réaction de click par électrochimie. Enfin des dispositifs magnéto-résistifs sont élaborés en déposant des assemblages denses de nanoparticules entre deux électrodes distantes d’une centaine de nanomètres

Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films

Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) must not only be well-defined in composition, shape and size to exhibit the desired properties (e.g., exchange-bias for thermal stability of the magnetization) but also judiciously functionalized to ensure their stability in air and their compatibility with a polymer matrix, in order to avoid aggregation which may seriously affect their physical properties. Dipolar interactions between NPs too close to each other favour a collective magnetic glass state with lower magnetization and coercivity because of inhomogeneous and frustrated macrospin cluster freezing. Consequently, tailoring chemically (through surface functionalization) and magnetically stable NPs for technological applications is of primary importance.Results: In this work, well-characterized exchange-biased perfectly epitaxial CoxFe3−xO4@CoO core@shell NPs, which were isotropic in shape and of about 10 nm in diameter, were decorated by two different polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS), using radical-controlled polymerization under various processing conditions. We compared the influence of the synthesis parameters on the structural and microstructural properties of the resulting hybrid systems, with special emphasis on significantly reducing their mutual magnetic attraction. For this, we followed two routes: the first one consists of the direct grafting of bromopropionyl ester groups at the surface of the NPs, which were previously recovered and redispersed in a suitable solvent. The second route deals with an “all in solution” process, based on the decoration of NPs by oleic acid followed by ligand exchange with the desired bromopropionyl ester groups. We then built various assemblies of NPs directly on a substrate or suspended in PMMA.Conclusion: The alternative two-step strategy leads to better dispersed polymer-decorated magnetic particles, and the resulting nanohybrids can be considered as valuable building blocks for flexible, magnetic polymer-based devices

2D assembly of non-interacting magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles via ''click'' chemistry

3 pagesInternational audienceAzide-terminated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been assembled in 2D on alkyne-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by the copper(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) ''click'' reaction; the kinetics of the reaction is an important parameter to control the interparticle distance and thus the dipolar interactions

Selective Nanotrench Filling by One-Pot Electroclick Self-Constructed Nanoparticle Films

International audienceIntegration of nanoparticles (NPs) into nanodevices is a challenge for enhanced sensor development. Using NPs as building blocks, a bottom-up approach based on one-pot morphogen-driven electroclick chemistry is reported to self-construct dense and robust conductive Fe3O4 NP films. Deposited covalent NP assemblies establish an electrical connection between two gold electrodes separated by a 100 nm-wide nanotrench

Nanoparticle Assembling through Click Chemistry Directed by Mixed SAMs for Magnetic Applications

International audience"Click" chemistry, used to promote nanoparticle assemblies, is a powerful strategy which has emerged very recently to control the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles onto surfaces. Such a strategy may be of high interest for applications such as magnetic recording media or magnetic sensors which are based on the fine control of the collective properties of nanoparticles. Nevertheless, self-assembly driven by clickable functional groups still remains to be understood. Mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkane−thiol molecules were used to control the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles onto gold substrates. This approach was combined with click chemistry in order to control the immobilization of nanoparticles on selective areas through specific copper catalyzed alkyne−azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Mixed SAMs consist of co-adsorbed 11-(undec-1-ynyl)thiol (S-CC) and 12-(dodecane)thiol (S-CH 3) molecules. The variation of the molar ratio between both molecules resulted in significant modulation of the structure of nanoparticle assemblies. The spatial arrangement of nanoparticles revealed the very complex structure of alkyne/methylene terminated mixed SAMs. Alkyne terminal groups could not be only studied by the usual characterization surface techniques such as PM-IRRAS and XPS. Therefore, azido-terminated nanoparticles acted as probing agents to determine the spatial distribution of alkyne groups at the surface of mixed SAMs. This approach was combined with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and DFT calculations to get a deeper insight into the structure of mixed SAMs of S-CC and S-CH 3 molecules. Gold substrate topography, chemical affinity of molecules, intermolecular interactions and length of alkyl chains were found to be critical parameters that rule the SAM structure

Enhanced Collective Magnetic Properties in 2D Monolayers of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Favored by Local Order and Local 1D Shape Anisotropy

Magnetic nanoparticle arrays represent a very attractive research field because their collective properties can be efficiently modulated as a function of the structure of the assembly. Nevertheless, understanding the way dipolar interactions influence the intrinsic magnetic properties of nanoparticles still remains a great challenge. In this study, we report on the preparation of 2D assemblies of iron oxide nanoparticles as monolayers deposited onto substrates. Assemblies have been prepared by using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique and the SAM assisted assembling technique combined to CuAAC “click” reaction. These techniques afford to control the formation of well-defined monolayers of nanoparticles on large areas. The LB technique controls local ordering of nanoparticles, while adjusting the kinetics of CuAAC “click” reaction strongly affects the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles in monolayers. Fast kinetics favor disordered assemblies while slow kinetics favor the formation of chain-like structures. Such anisotropic assemblies are induced by dipolar interactions between nanoparticles as no magnetic field is applied and no solvent evaporation is performed. The collective magnetic properties of monolayers are studied as a function of average interparticle distance, local order and local shape anisotropy. We demonstrate that local control on spatial arrangement of nanoparticles in monolayers significantly strengthens dipolar interactions which enhances collective properties and results in possible super ferromagnetic order