Measuring offshore tsunami currents using ship navigation records

Abstract We investigated ship navigation records known as Automatic Identification System (AIS) data near the source region of the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, tsunami. The AIS data of 16 ships in the offshore navigation could be compiled by about 40 min after the tsunami generation. Most of the AIS data showed notable deviation of the ship heading from the course over ground during the tsunami passage. There was good agreement in terms of amplitude/phase between the ship velocity and the simulated tsunami velocity in the direction normal to the ship heading. An equation of motion due to wave drag and inertia forces was examined for an offshore movable floating body. We explain that the ship movement in the direction normal to the heading immediately responds to the tsunami current, and relative velocity between the ship and the tsunami current asymptotically become zero. This indicates the movement velocity of navigating ships in the direction normal to the heading derived from AIS data will work as an offshore tsunami current meter. We examined the AIS data during the 2011 Tohoku tsunami and showed these data could be useful for tsunami source estimation and forecast. The AIS data in the current framework will possibly be a crowd-sourced tool for monitoring offshore tsunami current and tsunami forecast

A Novel PHEX Mutation in Japanese Patients with X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is a dominant inherited disorder characterized by renal phosphate wasting, aberrant vitamin D metabolism, and abnormal bone mineralization. Inactivating mutations in the gene encoding phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX) have been found to be associated with XLH. Here, we report a 16-year-old female patient affected by hypophosphatemic rickets. We evaluated her serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and conducted sequence analysis of the disease-associated genes of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic rickets: PHEX, FGF23, dentin matrix protein 1, and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1. She was diagnosed with XLH based on her clinical features and family history. Additionally, we observed elevated FGF23 levels and a novel PHEX exon 9 mutation (c.947G>T; p.Gly316Val) inherited from her father. Although bioinformatics showed that the mutation was neutral, Gly316 is perfectly conserved among humans, mice, and rats, and there were no mutations in other FGF23-related rickets genes, suggesting that in silico analysis is limited in determining mutation pathogenicity. In summary, we present a female patient and her father with XLH harboring a novel PHEX mutation that appears to be causative of disease. Measurement of FGF23 for hypophosphatemic patients is therefore useful for the diagnosis of FGF23-dependent hypophosphatemia

Synthesis, structure, and evaluation of a β-cyclodextrin-artificial carbohydrate conjugate for use as a doxorubicin-carrying molecule

This paper describes the synthesis of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) derivative conjugated with a C,C-glucopyranoside containing a benzene unit. Its doxorubicin-inclusion ability and structure are also discussed. SPR analysis revealed that the β-CyD conjugate had a high inclusion association value of 3.8 × 106 M−1 for immobilized doxorubicin. NMR structural analysis suggested that its high doxorubicin-inclusion ability was due to the formation of the inclusion complex as a result of the π–π stacking interaction between the benzene ring of the conjugate and the A ring of doxorubicin

Additional file 1: of Measuring offshore tsunami currents using ship navigation records

Figure S1. (a) SOG, (b) COG/HDG, and (c) COG minus HDG of selected ships (#8 and #11 for upper panels and *1 and *3 for lower panels). #8 and #11 are examples that were used for the tsunami current analysis (See also Fig. 4). *1 and *3 were not used due to the data quality issues noted in Table 1. (PDF 353 kb