Resource-Bound Quantification for Graph Transformation

Graph transformation has been used to model concurrent systems in software engineering, as well as in biochemistry and life sciences. The application of a transformation rule can be characterised algebraically as construction of a double-pushout (DPO) diagram in the category of graphs. We show how intuitionistic linear logic can be extended with resource-bound quantification, allowing for an implicit handling of the DPO conditions, and how resource logic can be used to reason about graph transformation systems

Near-field imaging of single walled carbon nanotubes emitting in the telecom wavelength range

International audienceHybrid systems based on carbon nanotubes emitting in the telecom wavelength range and Si-photonic platforms are promising candidates for developing integrated photonic circuits. Here, we consider semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) emitting around 1300 nm or 1550 nm wavelength. The nanotubes are deposited on quartz substrate for mapping their photoluminescence in hyperspectral near-field microscopy. This method allows for a sub-wavelength resolution in detecting the spatial distribution of the emission of single s-SWNTs at room temperature. Optical signature delocalized over several micrometers is observed, thus denoting the high quality of the produced carbon nanotubes on a wide range of tube diameters. Noteworthy, the presence of both nanotube bundles and distinct s-SWNT chiralities is uncovered

Towards an embedding of Graph Transformation in Intuitionistic Linear Logic

Linear logics have been shown to be able to embed both rewriting-based approaches and process calculi in a single, declarative framework. In this paper we are exploring the embedding of double-pushout graph transformations into quantified linear logic, leading to a Curry-Howard style isomorphism between graphs and transformations on one hand, formulas and proof terms on the other. With linear implication representing rules and reachability of graphs, and the tensor modelling parallel composition of graphs and transformations, we obtain a language able to encode graph transformation systems and their computations as well as reason about their properties

Preliminary Report of the HASP 2023 Field Season: Coring and Excavations at Efri-Ás, Laufskálaholt, Brekkukot, Grafarkot, Kálfsstaðir, Kjarvalsstaðir, Nautabú, Ingveldarstaðir, Skúfsstaðir, Garðakot, Hringver, Hólakot, and Viðvík in Hjaltadalur with additional geophysics at Skúfsstaðir

This report outlines the 2023 work, including Geophysical survey, Coring, and Excavations at Efri-Ás, Laufskálaholt (on the Efri-Ás land of the Ásholt summer house), Brekkukot, Kálfsstaðir, Kjarvalsstaðir, Nautabú, Ingveldarstaðir, Skúfsstaðir, Garðakot (part of Víðines) Grafarkot (part of Víðines), Hringver, Hólakot (part of Viðvík), and Viðvík) in Hjaltadal as part of the Hjaltadalur Archaeological Survey Project (HASP). This is the third year of a scheduled three-year project. The purpose of the project is to outline the settlement sequence and regional development in Hólar and around Hjaltadal and compare them with similar studies that have been carried out in Skagafjörður. The 12 farms investigated in 2023 all seem to have been established well before the Hekla 1104 (H1104) tephra fell. The farms at Garðakot, Kálfsstaðir, Kjarvalsstaðir, Nautabú, Ingveldarstaðir, and Viðvík have continuous sequences that indicate long-term stability up to the early modern period. The farm mound at Skúfsstaðir seems to be continuous, and there is a distinct, smaller, and shorter occupation area on the farmstead. The main farm mound at Efri-Ás seems to have shifted over time. Hólakot is abandoned shortly after AD 1300 and Hringver is abandoned in the mid-20th century. The geophysical results from Skúfsstaðir suggest the presence of a round wall 21 m in diameter, consistent with a churchyard boundary wall. If investigation of this round anomaly yields a burial ground, it would be the first time that a churchyard wall was identified by geophysical prospection at a farm without any documentary evidence of ever having had a church

Test of structural models for the (4 4) phase formed by oxygen adsorption on the Pt3Sn(1 1 1) surface

Exposure of the Pt3Sn(1 1 1) surface to oxygen at a pressure in the 10-6 mbar range at 800 K leads to the formation of a chemisorbed phase with a (4 × 4) periodicity. In previous works we investigated the structure of the (4 × 4) phase by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and XPD. STM images show that the (4 × 4) periodicity results from an array of protrusions and holes. XPD data suggest that oxygen adsorption induces the reconstruction of the substrate with the formation of a Sn-O overlayer. In the present work, several structural models compatible with the STM and XPD results were tested by tensor LEED analysis. The best agreement with the experimental I-V curves was obtained for a model similar to that proposed to interpret the STM images of the Ag(1 1 1)(4 × 4)-O phase. According to this structure, the protrusions observed in STM would correspond to tin atoms occupying on-top positions

CDK4/6 Inhibition Sensitizes Intracranial Tumors to PD-1 Blockade in Preclinical Models of Brain Metastasis

PURPOSE: Brain metastases are associated with high morbidity and are often resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We evaluated whether CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDKi) abemaciclib can sensitize intracranial tumors to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibition in mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer brain metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Treatment response was evaluated in vivo using immunocompetent mouse models of brain metastasis bearing concurrent intracranial and extracranial tumors. Treatment effect on intracranial and extracranial tumor-immune microenvironments (TIME) was evaluated using immunofluorescence, multiplex immunoassays, high-parameter flow cytometry, and T-cell receptor profiling. Mice with humanized immune systems were evaluated using flow cytometry to study the effect of CDKi on human T-cell development. RESULTS: We found that combining abemaciclib with PD-1 inhibition reduced tumor burden and improved overall survival in mice. The TIME, which differed on the basis of anatomic location of tumors, was altered with CDKi and PD-1 inhibition in an organ-specific manner. Combination abemaciclib and anti-PD-1 treatment increased recruitment and expansion of CD8+ effector T-cell subsets, depleted CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, and reduced levels of immunosuppressive cytokines in intracranial tumors. In immunodeficient mice engrafted with human immune systems, abemaciclib treatment supported development and maintenance of CD8+ T cells and depleted Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the distinct properties of intracranial and extracranial tumors and support clinical investigation of combination CDK4/6 and PD-1 inhibition in patients with brain metastases. See related commentary by Margolin, p. 257

Popillia japonica – Italian outbreak management

Popillia japonica, a priority pest for the EU, was first detected in Northern Italy in 2014. Since its discovery, the outbreak extended over an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of research conducted in Italy on both the spreading capacity and control measures of P. japonica. Chemical, physical, and biological control measures deployed since its detection are presented, by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. An in-depth study of the ecosystems invaded by P. japonica disclosed the presence and pathogenicity of natural strains of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, some of which have shown to be particularly aggressive towards the larvae of this pest under laboratory conditions. The Plant Health authorities of the Lombardy and Piedmont regions, with the support of several research institutions, played a crucial role in the initial eradication attempt and subsequently in containing the spread of P. japonica. Control measures were performed in the infested area to suppress adult populations of P. japonica by installing several traps (e.g., for mass trapping, for auto-dissemination of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, and “attract & kill”). For larval control, the infested fields were treated with commercial strains of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae and nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Future studies will aim at integrating phenological and spread models developed with the most effective control measures, within an ecologically sustainable approach

A microRNA program regulates the balance between cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy and stimulates cardiac regeneration

Myocardial regeneration is restricted to early postnatal life, when mammalian cardiomyocytes still retain the ability to proliferate. The molecular cues that induce cell cycle arrest of neonatal cardiomyocytes towards terminally differentiated adult heart muscle cells remain obscure. Here we report that the miR-106b~25 cluster is higher expressed in the early postnatal myocardium and decreases in expression towards adulthood, especially under conditions of overload, and orchestrates the transition of cardiomyocyte hyperplasia towards cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy by virtue of its targetome. In line, gene delivery of miR-106b~25 to the mouse heart provokes cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting a network of negative cell cycle regulators including E2f5, Cdkn1c, Ccne1 and Wee1. Conversely, gene-targeted miR-106b~25 null mice display spontaneous hypertrophic remodeling and exaggerated remodeling to overload by derepression of the prohypertrophic transcription factors Hand2 and Mef2d. Taking advantage of the regulatory function of miR-106b~25 on cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, viral gene delivery of miR-106b~25 provokes nearly complete regeneration of the adult myocardium after ischemic injury. Our data demonstrate that exploitation of conserved molecular programs can enhance the regenerative capacity of the injured heart.E.D. is supported by a VENI award 916-150-16 from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW), an EMBO Long-term Fellowship (EMBO ALTF 848-2013) and a FP7 Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (Project number 627539). V.S.P. was funded by a fellowship from the FCT/ Ministério da Ciência, Tec-nologia e Inovação SFRH/BD/111799/2015. P.D.C.M. is an Established Investigator of the Dutch Heart Foundation. L.D.W. acknowledges support from the Dutch CardioVascular Alliance (ARENA-PRIME). L.D.W. was further supported by grant 311549 from the European Research Council (ERC), a VICI award 918-156-47 from the Dutch Research Council and Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813716 (TRAIN-HEART)