Sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts and suicide morbidity among sexual and gender minority adults in Colombia

Purpose: We assessed the association between sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) experiences and lifetime suicide morbidity among sexual and gender minority (SGM) groups in Colombia. Methods: A sample of 4160 SGM Colombian adults responded to an online cross-sectional survey. We used binary logistic regression to assess the relationship between SOGICE and suicide morbidity for the overall sample and stratified by SGM group. Results: We found a high prevalence of suicidal ideation (56%), suicide planning (54%), suicide attempt (25%), and SOGICE experiences (22%). There were significant differences in the prevalence of suicide morbidity and SOGICE experiences across SGM groups, with transgender men and gender nonbinary participants being generally most at risk. SOGICE experiences were associated with 69% increased odds of suicidal ideation, 55% increased odds of suicide planning, and 76% increased odds of suicide attempt. Stratified analyses by SGM group showed that the association of SOGICE experiences with suicide morbidity varied by SGM group, and it was particularly detrimental for cisgender sexual minority men. Conclusions: Suicide morbidity among SGM adults in Colombia is high, with rates that are 8–22 times higher than in the general population. SOGICE experiences further exacerbate suicide risk. The study findings highlight the need to design and implement policies affirming diverse sexual orientation and gender identities in Colombia and to ban SOGICE practices. These findings also highlight the importance of recognizing the variability within SGM groups and the need to examine these groups separately rather than treating them as a monolithic grou

Contribution of teaching in metacognitive processes and the resolution of mathematical problems

The present study evaluates the contribution of teaching from problem solving to metacognitive processes (Analysis, Planning, Local Monitoring and Global Monitoring) problem solving. The sample consisted of 41 second grade students from a public school in the department of Atlántico (Colombia). Observation was used as the main technique through video recordings of the classes, in addition the Teaching Practice Observation Format and a Semistructured Flexible Interview were used. The participants were selected by means of a nonprobabilistic sampling of intentional type. Regarding the results, the average scores in the metacognitive processes were examined, as well as their relationship at the bivariate level (Pearson's correlation) with the success in solving quantitative reasoning problems. Finally, the predictive variables of success were examined and 43.7% of the Local Monitoring variance was explained by practice at the Start of class and 39.4% of the Global Monitoring variance was explained by practice at Class Closing. . The results obtained in relation to the practice in the classroom are discussed and a series of final recommendations are suggested that contribute to the success in solving mathematical problems to make decisions directed towards the improvement of the curricular processes.El presente estudio evalúa la contribución de la enseñanza desde la resolución de problemas a los procesos Metacognitivos (Análisis, Planeación, Monitoreo Local y Monitoreo Global) de resolución de problemas. La muestra estuvo conformada por 41 estudiantes de segundo grado de un colegio público del departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Se empleó la observación como técnica principal mediante videograbaciones de las clases, además se empleó el Formato de Observación de la Práctica Docente y se hizo una Entrevista Flexible Semiestructurada. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Respecto a los resultados, se examinaron las puntuaciones medias en los procesos Metacognitivos, así como su relación a nivel bivariado (correlación de Pearson) con el éxito en la resolución de problemas de razonamiento cuantitativo. Finalmente, se examinaron las variables predictoras del éxito y se comprobó el 43.7% de la varianza de Monitoreo Local fue explicada por la práctica al Inicio de clase y el 39.4% de la varianza de Monitoreo Global fue explicada por la práctica al Cierre de la Clase. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos en relación con la práctica en el aula y se sugiere una serie de recomendaciones finales que contribuyan al éxito en resolución de problemas matemáticos para tomar decisiones direccionadas hacia el mejoramiento de los procesos curriculares

Corporate social responsibility, engagement, burnout and satisfaction with life in an NGO in Colombia

La salud mental es una de las principales áreas de interés en el marco de bienestar social y en el contexto organizacional. En este sentido, se ha convertido en un reto para las organizaciones no gubernamentales que contribuyen al sector de economía de los servicios sociales, alcanzar un equilibrio entre dos aspectos íntimamente relacionados como lo son la salud y el servicio a la comunidad. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo describir la responsabilidad social corporativa, el engagement y la satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de 57 colaboradores de una ONG colombiana. Los participantes completaron el Maslach Burnout Inventory, la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida y la Encuesta de Adicción al Trabajo. Los resultaron arrojaron que el engagement en el trabajo, está directamente relacionado con actitudes positivas hacia las tareas laborales y en la satisfacción de vida.Mental health is one of the main areas of interest within the framework of social welfare and the organizational context. In this sense, it has become a challenge for non-governmental organizations that contribute to the social services economy sector, striking a balance between two closely related aspects such as health and community service. This article aimed to describe corporate social responsibility, engagement and satisfaction with life in a sample of 57 employees of a Colombian NGO. Participants filled the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Life Satisfaction Scale and Work Addiction Survey. The results showed that engagement at work is directly related to positive attitudes towards work tasks and the satisfaction with life

Competencia social como predictor de éxito escolar

En este artículo se hace una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre la relación entre las competencias sociales y el éxito académico. Analiza como las competencias sociales (cooperación, responsabilidad, asertividad, empatía y autocontrol) influyen en el éxito escolar de los estudiantes y plantea que, a través del desarrollo de estas competencias dentro de la comunidad educativa, se pueden crear en las instituciones educativas, factores protectores que permitan el incremento del éxito escolar.This article has done an exhaustive review of the literature on the relationship between social competences and academic success. Analyze how social competences (cooperation, responsibility, assertiveness, empathy and self-control) impact students' academic success indicating that growth in social competences fosters the development of protective factors in students, that in turn, influence learning and achievemen

Social competence as a predicting factor of academic success

En este artículo se hace una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura sobre la relación entre las competencias sociales y el éxito académico. Analiza como las competencias sociales (cooperación, responsabilidad, asertividad, empatía y autocontrol) influyen en el éxito escolar de los estudiantes y plantea que, a través del desarrollo de estas competencias dentro de la comunidad educativa, se pueden crear en las instituciones educativas, factores protectores que permitan el incremento del éxito escolar.This article has done an exhaustive review of the literature on the relationship between social competences and academic success. Analyze how social competences (cooperation, responsibility, assertiveness, empathy and self-control) impact students' academic success indicating that growth in social competences fosters the development of protective factors in students, that in turn, influence learning and achievement

Satisfaction with life and its relations with religion and health in Colombian university students

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar las correlaciones entre la satisfacción con la vida, la religión y la salud en una muestra de 446 participantes (42,60% varones y el 57,40% mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 a 69 años. Adicionalmente se llevó a cabo un análisis de regresión múltiple por pasos con el fin de conocer las variables predictoras de la satisfacción con la vida. Todos los participantes completaron los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, Cuestionario de Salud SF-36 y Escala de Religiosidad. A partir de los resultados se comprobó que la satisfacción con la vida no se asocia con la religión profesada. Mayor satisfacción con la vida fue predicha por mayor práctica religiosa organizacional, mejor salud general, mejor salud mental y mejor rol emocional. En definitiva, el nivel de satisfacción con la vida no parece estar relacionado con la religión profesada, aunque sí con la práctica de actividades que propone la institución religiosa de cada uno.The objective of the present study was to estimate the correlations between the satisfaction with life, religion and health in a sample of 446 participants (42,60% men and 57,40% women) between the ages of 18 to 69 years. In addition, an analysis of multiple regression by steps was made in order to determine the predictors of life satisfaction. All participants completed the following instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scales, SF-36 Questionnaire of Health and Scale of Religiosity. From the results it was found that the satisfaction with life was not associated with the religion professed. Greater satisfaction with life was predicted by greater organizational religious practice, better general health, better mental health and better emotional role. In conclusion the level of satisfaction with life does not seem to be related to the religion professed, but with the practice of activities proposed by the religious institution of each one

Depression and anxiety in decision-making, existential isolation, death and lack of vital sense in religious and non-religious people

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la ansiedad ante las situaciones existenciales en religiosos y no religiosos en una muestra 100 universitarios colombianos, con una edad promedio de 22 años. Los participantes completaron el ANSIV que mide ansiedad existencial (ANSIV) y la Escala de Depresión de Zung. Los hallazgos comprueban que los no religiosos presentaron mayor ansiedad que los religiosos frente a la toma de decisiones; que no se observaron diferencias en relación al sentido de vida en ambos grupos; que los no religiosos presentaron ansiedad más exacerbada frente a la muerte que los religiosos y que los religiosos se encontraron menos ligeramente deprimidos que los no religiosos.The present study aims to describe the anxiety in existential situations in religious and non-religious people in a sample of 100 students from Colombia with an average age of 22 years. The participants completed the ANSIV that measures Existential Anxiety and SelfRating Depression Scale. The findings show that the non-religious presented higher anxiety than the religious people in decision-making process; no differences were observed in relation to the meaning of life in both groups; non-religious presented anxiety more exacerbated in the face of death than religious people and the religious were found slightly less depressed than non-religious

Depression and anxiety in decision-making, existential isolation, death and lack of vital sense in religious and non-religious people

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir la ansiedad ante las situaciones existenciales en religiosos y no religiosos en una muestra 100 universitarios colombianos, con una edad promedio de 22 años. Los participantes completaron el ANSIV que mide ansiedad existencial (ANSIV) y la Escala de Depresión de Zung. Los hallazgos comprueban que los no religiosos presentaron mayor ansiedad que los religiosos frente a la toma de decisiones; que no se observaron diferencias en relación al sentido de vida en ambos grupos; que los no religiosos presentaron ansiedad más exacerbada frente a la muerte que los religiosos y que los religiosos se encontraron menos ligeramente deprimidos que los no religiosos.The present study aims to describe the anxiety in existential situations in religious and non-religious people in a sample of 100 students from Colombia with an average age of 22 years. The participants completed the ANSIV that measures Existential Anxiety and SelfRating Depression Scale. The findings show that the non-religious presented higher anxiety than the religious people in decision-making process; no differences were observed in relation to the meaning of life in both groups; non-religious presented anxiety more exacerbated in the face of death than religious people and the religious were found slightly less depressed than non-religious

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS DE LA CULTURA DESDE LA ÓPTICA DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES

La cultura forma parte esencial del ser y es inherente a las estructuras organizadas, por ello este artículo de revisión se traza como objetivo explorar bajo un análisis crítico, los principales postulados teóricos referentes a la cultura, desde la perspectiva socioantropológica y como se ha adaptado el concepto a las organizaciones. Metodológicamente se soporta la revisión con un diseño de investigación descriptiva y enfoque cualitativo, de igual forma, la técnica de la revisión documental en plataformas de información científica, que representa la fuente de consulta y recuperación de las teorías y postulados pertinentes, analizados desde un contraste analítico y crítico. En el proceso de revisión se identificaron diferentes corrientes conceptuales que se han formado en referencia a la cultura y su adaptación en el panorama de las organizaciones, siendo su cultura resultado de la interacción de las personas en el contexto social y organizacional, ubicándose como un motor de identidad, permeando el sentido de pertenencia particular y colectivo y el sistema de creencias mediante diferentes dimensiones, niveles de análisis y elementos que surgen y modelan el capital cultural. ABSTRACTCulture is an essential part of human being and is inherent in organized structures, this review article aim to explore under a critical analysis, the main theoretical postulates concerning culture, from the perspective of socio-anthropological and how it has been adapted the concept to organizations. Methodologically revision is supported with a design of descriptive- qualitative research, in addition the document reviews platforms of scientific approach technique, which represents the source query and retrieval of relevant theories and postulates, analyzed from analytical and critical contrast. In the review process, different conceptual schools that have been formed in reference to culture and its adaptation in the organizations, being its culture result of the people interaction in the social and organizational context, ranking as an engine identity, permeating the individual and collective sense of belonging and belief system through different dimensions, levels of analysis and elements that emerge and shape the cultural capital