6,244 research outputs found
Coupled-channels effects in elastic scattering and near-barrier fusion induced by weakly bound nuclei and exotic halo nuclei
The influence on fusion of coupling to the breakup process is investigated
for reactions where at least one of the colliding nuclei has a sufficiently low
binding energy for breakup to become an important process. Elastic scattering,
excitation functions for sub-and near-barrier fusion cross sections, and
breakup yields are analyzed for Li+Co. Continuum-Discretized
Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations describe well the data at and above the
barrier. Elastic scattering with Li (as compared to Li) indicates
the significant role of breakup for weakly bound projectiles. A study of
He induced fusion reactions with a three-body CDCC method for the
He halo nucleus is presented. The relative importance of breakup and
bound-state structure effects on total fusion is discussed.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
Uncovering the chemical enrichment and mass-assembly histories of star-forming galaxies
We explore the mass-assembly and chemical enrichment histories of star
forming galaxies by applying a population synthesis method to a sample of 84828
galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5. Our method
decomposes the entire observed spectrum in terms of a sum of simple stellar
populations spanning a wide range of ages and metallicities, thus allowing the
reconstruction of galaxy histories. A comparative study of galaxy evolution is
presented, where galaxies are grouped onto bins of nebular abundances or mass.
We find that galaxies whose warm interstellar medium is poor in heavy elements
are slow in forming stars. Their stellar metallicities also rise slowly with
time, reaching their current values () in the last
Myr of evolution. Systems with metal rich nebulae, on the other
hand, assembled most of their mass and completed their chemical evolution long
ago, reaching already at lookback times of several Gyr.
These same trends, which are ultimately a consequence of galaxy downsizing,
appear when galaxies are grouped according to their stellar mass. The
reconstruction of galaxy histories to this level of detail out of integrated
spectra offers promising prospects in the field of galaxy evolution theories.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
Effects of luteectomy in early pregnancy on the maintenance of gestation and plasma progesterone concentrations in the viviparous temperate lizard Barisia imbricata imbricata
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several studies have shown that the corpus luteum is the principal source of progesterone during the gravidity period in reptiles; however, its participation in the maintenance of gestation in the viviparous squamata is in dispute. The effects of ovariectomy or luteectomy vary according to the species and the time at which the procedure is performed. In this paper, we describe the effects of luteectomy during early pregnancy on the maintenance of gestation and progesterone concentrations in the temperate Mexican viviparous lizard <it>Barisia imbricata imbricata.</it></p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-four lizards were subjected to three different treatments: luteectomy, sham luteectomy or non-surgical treatment, and blood samples were obtained before and after surgical treatment at different stages of gestation to determine the effects of luteectomy on the maintenance of gestation and progesterone concentrations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Spontaneous abortion was not observed in any of the females. However, luteectomy provoked abnormal parturition and a significant reduction in the number of young born alive. Parturition was normal in untreated females as well as those submitted to sham luteectomy. The surgical treatment also caused a significant reduction in progesterone concentrations in luteectomised females during early and middle gestation. However, no significant differences in hormone concentrations were observed among the three groups during late gestation or immediately post-parturition.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our observations indicate that the presence of the corpus luteum is not necesary for the maintenance of gestation, but that it does participate in parturition control. Moreover, the corpus luteum of the viviparous lizard <it>B. i. imbricata</it> produces progesterone, at least during the first half of pregnancy, and that an extra-ovarian source of progesterone must maintain gestation in the absence of luteal tissue.</p
Leprosy Associated with Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Nicaragua and Honduras
In Central America, few cases of leprosy have been reported, but the disease may be unrecognized. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and histology. Preliminary field work in Nicaragua and Honduras found patients, including many children, with skin lesions clinically suggestive of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis or indeterminate leprosy. Histology could not distinguish these diseases although acid-fast organisms were visible in a few biopsies. Lesions healed after standard antimicrobial therapy for leprosy. In the present study, patients, family members, and other community members were skin-tested and provided nasal swabs and blood samples. Biopsies were taken from a subgroup of patients with clinical signs of infection. Two laboratories analyzed samples, using local in-house techniques. Mycobacterium leprae, Leishmania spp. and Leishmania infantum were detected using polymerase chain reactions. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was detected in blood samples and nasal swabs, including some cases where leprosy was not clinically suspected. Leishmania spp. were also detected in blood and nasal swabs. Most biopsies contained Leishmania DNA and coinfection of Leishmania spp. with M. leprae occurred in 33% of cases. Mycobacterium leprae DNA was also detected and sequenced from Nicaraguan and Honduran environmental samples. In conclusion, leprosy and leishmaniasis are present in both regions, and leprosy appears to be widespread. The nature of any relationship between these two pathogens and the epidemiology of these infections need to be elucidated
Multifrequency Strategies for the Identification of Gamma-Ray Sources
More than half the sources in the Third EGRET (3EG) catalog have no firmly
established counterparts at other wavelengths and are unidentified. Some of
these unidentified sources have remained a mystery since the first surveys of
the gamma-ray sky with the COS-B satellite. The unidentified sources generally
have large error circles, and finding counterparts has often been a challenging
job. A multiwavelength approach, using X-ray, optical, and radio data, is often
needed to understand the nature of these sources. This chapter reviews the
technique of identification of EGRET sources using multiwavelength studies of
the gamma-ray fields.Comment: 35 pages, 22 figures. Chapter prepared for the book "Cosmic Gamma-ray
Sources", edited by K.S. Cheng and G.E. Romero, to be published by Kluwer
Academic Press, 2004. For complete article and higher resolution figures, go
to: http://www.astro.columbia.edu/~muk/mukherjee_multiwave.pd
The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia using the PneuX System with or without elective endotracheal tube exchange: A pilot study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The PneuX System is a novel endotracheal tube and tracheal seal monitor, which has been designed to minimise the aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. We aimed to determine the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients who were intubated with the PneuX System and to establish whether intermittent subglottic secretion drainage could be performed reliably and safely using the PneuX System.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In this retrospective observational study, data was collected from 53 sequential patients. Nine (17%) patients were initially intubated with the PneuX System and 44 (83%) patients underwent elective exchange to the PneuX System. There were no episodes of VAP while the PneuX System was <it>in situ</it>. On an intention to treat basis, the incidence VAP was 1.8%. There were no complications from, or failure of, subglottic secretion drainage during the study.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study demonstrates that a low incidence of VAP is possible using the PneuX System. Our study also demonstrates that elective exchange and intermittent subglottic secretion drainage can be performed reliably and safely using the PneuX System.</p
The effects of weather and climate change on dengue
There is much uncertainty about the future impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases. Such uncertainty reflects the difficulties in modelling the complex interactions between disease, climatic and socioeconomic determinants. We used a comprehensive panel dataset from Mexico covering 23 years of province-specific dengue reports across nine climatic regions to estimate the impact of weather on dengue, accounting for the effects of non-climatic factors
A regional database management system—the fisheries resource information system and tools (FiRST): Its design, utility and future directions
South and Southeast Asian countries have undertaken demersal trawl surveys to measure the fisheries potential of their waters throughout the 20th century. However, ensuring full use of, and easy access to the resulting data is a challenge in developing countries. The “Fisheries Resource Information System and Tools” (FiRST) was developed through a regional collaborative effort across eight South and Southeast Asian counties to meet these needs. FiRST is a data management system for scientific trawl survey data and includes data summary and visualization tools, an analytical routine to estimate biomass, and data import/export modules. The FiRST software has also facilitated the establishment of a regional database, ‘Trawl Base’, which contains more than 20,000 hauls or stations from scientific trawl surveys in 10 countries conducted between 1926 and 1995. The regional database is an important regional resource for coastal fisheries management complementing national fisheries catch statistics
Bangus fry resource assessment in the Philippines
The report is the result of an investigative study on the scarcity of milkfish fry in the Philippines, a collaborative effort of BFAR, SEAFDEC, PCAMRD and ICLARM. The study aimed to monitor fry production in selected sites in the Philippines for a period of one year; assess the current demand for milkfish fry; and provide on-the-job training on data collection and recommend a system for continuous collection of data on fry production.Milkfish industry, Fishery management, Philippines,
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