332 research outputs found
Multiple Scattering Formulation of Two Dimensional Acoustic and Electromagnetic Metamaterials
This work presents a multiple scattering formulation of two dimensional
acoustic metamaterials. It is shown that in the low frequency limit multiple
scattering allows us to define frequency-dependent effective acoustic
parameters for arrays of both ordered and disordered cylinders. This
formulation can lead to both positive and negative acoustic parameters, where
the acoustic parameters are the scalar bulk modulus and the tensorial mass
density and, therefore, anisotropic wave propagation is allowed with both
positive or negative refraction index. It is also shown that the surface fields
on the scatterer are the main responsible of the anomalous behavior of the
effective medium, therefore complex scatterers can be used to engineer the
frequency response of the effective medium, and some examples of application to
different scatterers are given. Finally, the theory is extended to
electromagnetic wave propagation, where Mie resonances are found to be the
responsible of the metamaterial behavior. As an application, it is shown that
it is possible to obtain metamaterials with negative permeability and
permittivity tensors by arrays of all-dielectric cylinders and that anisotropic
cylinders can tune the frequency response of these resonances
Resonant and Non-Local Properties of Phononic Metasolids
We derive a general theory of effective properties in metasolids based on
phononic crystals with low frequency resonances. We demonstrate that in general
these structures need to be described by means of a frequency-dependent and
non-local anisotropic mass density, stiffness tensor and a third- rank coupling
tensor, which shows that they behave like a non-local Willis medium. The effect
of non-locality and coupling tensor manifest themselves for some particular
resonances whereas they become negligible for other resonances. Considering the
example of a two-dimensional phononic crystal, consisting of triangular
arrangements of cylindrical shells in an elastic matrix, we show that its mass
density tensor is strongly resonant and anisotropic presenting both positive
and negative divergent values, while becoming scalar in the quasi-static limit.
Moreover, it is found that the negative value of transverse component of the
mass density is induced by a dipolar resonance, while that of the vertical
component is induced by a monopolar one. Finally, the dispersion relation
obtained by the effective parameters of the crystal is compared with the band
structure, showing a good agreement for the low-wave number region, although
the non-local effects are important given the existence of some resonant values
of the wave number
The Inverse Grating Problem: Efficient Design of Anomalous Flexural Wave Reflectors and Refractors
We present an extensive formulation of the inverse grating problem for exural
waves, in which the energy of each diffracted mode is selected and the grating
configuration is then obtained by solving a linear system of equations. The
grating is designed as a lineal periodic repetition of a unit cell comprising a
cluster of resonators attached at points whose physical properties are directly
derived by inversion of a given matrix. Although both active and passive
attachments can be required in the most general case, it is possible to find
configurations with only passive, i.e. damped, solutions. This inverse design
approach presents an alternative to the design of metasurfaces for exural waves
overcoming the limitations of gradient phase metasurfaces, which require a
continuous variation of the surface's impedance. When the grating is designed
in such a way that all the energy is channeled to a single diffracted mode, it
behaves as an anomalous refractor or re ector. The negative refractor is
analyzed in depth, and it is shown that with only three scatterers per unit
cell is it possible to build such a device with unitary efficiency
Acoustic anomalous reflectors based on diffraction grating engineering
We present an efficient method for the design of anomalous reflectors for acoustic waves. The approach is
based on the fact that the anomalous reflector is actually a diffraction grating in which the amplitude of all the
modes is negligible except for the one traveling towards the desired direction. A supercell of drilled cavities in an
acoustically rigid surface is proposed as the basic unit cell, and analytical expressions for an inverse diffraction
problem are derived. It is found that the the number of cavities required for the realization of an anomalous
reflector is equal to the number of diffracted modes to cancel, and this number depends on the relationship
between the incident and reflected angles. Then, the “retroreflection” effect is obtained by just one cavity per unit
cell; also, with only two cavities it is possible to change the reflection angle of a normally incident wave, and
five cavities are enough to design a general retroreflector changing the incident and reflected angles at oblique
incidence. Finally, the concept of Snell’s law violation is extended not only to the incident and reflected angles,
but also to the plane in which it happens, and a device based on a single cavity in a square lattice is designed in
such a way that the reflection plane is rotated π/4 with respect to the plane of incidence. Numerical simulations
are performed to support the predictions of the analytical expressions, and an excellent agreement is found
Strong spatial dispersion in time-modulated dielectric media
We present an effective medium description of time-modulated dielectric media. By taking the averaged fields
over one modulation period, the relationship between them is derived, therefore defining the different constitutive
parameters. In the most general situation, it is found that the effective material is described by means of a
spatially and temporally dispersive transverse dielectric function and a constant longitudinal dielectric function.
It has been also found that the frequency dependence in the former is weak, in comparison with its wavenumber
dependence (spatial dispersion). Different physical consequences of this spatial dispersion are discussed, with
special emphasis on the weak dispersion approximation and the limit in which it is found that the effective
material behaves as a resonant and isotropic magnetodielectric medium with no additional longitudinal mode,
as it is commonly found in spatially dispersive materials. Time-dependent media therefore opens an alternative
way of designing dynamically tunable metamaterial
Loss Compensation in Time-Dependent Elastic Metamaterials
Materials with properties that are modulated in time are known to display
wave phenomena showing energy increasing with time, with the rate mediated by
the modulation. Until now there has been no accounting for material
dissipation, which clearly counteracts energy growth. This paper provides an
exact expression for the amplitude of elastic or acoustic waves propagating in
lossy materials with properties that are periodically modulated in time. It is
found that these materials can support a special propagation regime in which
waves travel at constant amplitude, with temporal modulation compensating for
the normal energy dissipation. We derive a general condition under which
amplification due to time-dependent properties offsets the material
dissipation. This identity relates band-gap properties associated with the
temporal modulation and the average of the viscosity coefficient, thereby
providing a simple recipe for the design of loss-compensated mechanical
metamaterials
Sound focusing by gradient index sonic lenses
Gradient index sonic lenses based on two-dimensional sonic crystals are here
designed, fabricated and characterized. The index-gradient is achieved in these
type of flat lenses by a gradual modification of the sonic crystal filling
fraction along the direction perpendicular to the lens axis. The focusing
performance is well described by an analytical model based on ray theory as
well as by numerical simulations based on the multiple-scattering theory.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
- …