A simple and efficient method to obtain stable embryogenic cultures from anthers of Vitis vinifera L.

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In vitro propagation of Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids by microcuttings or axillary budding

Research Not

A putative NAP homolog specifically expressed during grapevine flower and berry development

Research Not

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) promoter analysis by biolistic-mediated transient transformation of cell suspensions

Expression of alcohol dehydrogenase promoters from Vitis vinifera L. and Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated in homologous and heterologous cell systems after bombardment of chimeric genes. The effect of several parameters including wounding, DNA delivery and construct type on luciferase/beta-glucuronidase activities was evaluated. In parallel, alcohol dehydrogenase activity was assayed in normal and gaseous nitrogen-treated cells. Compared to A. thaliana, results showed large differences in reporter gene activity according to the Adh promoter leader sequence and the cell suspension system. The V. vinifera cell system was found to be appropriate to investigate Adh promoter functioning. A novel protocol, based on transient genetic transformation of grape-One cells by biolistic is proposed to study grapevine promoter expression, either in air or in response to anaerobiosis.

Effect of different 3’ flanking regions on the activity of the Vitis vinifera alcohol dehydrogenase 2 promoter

3’untranslated regions (3' UTR) are isogene specific regions which contain sequences likely playing an important role in gene expression. To evaluate the importance of these regions on Vitis vinifera alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (VvAdh2) expression, we designed expression cassettes containing the luciferase reporter gene under the VvAdh2 or CaMV 35S promoters and flanked by different 3’ UTRs. Luciferase activity monitoring was performed through transient expression experiments, using biolistic on Cabernet Sauvignon suspension cells. Results showed that absence of the 3’ region had a strong down-regulating effect on the VvAdh2 promoter activity (but not on the CaMV 35S promoter activity). The nature of the flanking 3' UTR was shown to influence expression cassette activity. Whatever the promoter, VvAdh1 and VvAdh2 terminators had similar effect on expression of luciferase in air leading to an activity level very close to that of CaMV 35S terminator. Under anaerobiosis, luciferase expression was strongly increased with all terminators, VvAdh6 3'-end inducing the highest level of expression. Functional constructs with VvAdh2 promoter and VvAdh terminators designed in this study could be used wherever grapevine-homologous, stress-stimulated cassettes should be of interest

Cyclicity Near Infinity in Piecewise Linear Vector Fields Having a Nonregular Switching Line

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABIn this paper we recover the best lower bound for the number of limit cycles in the planar piecewise linear class when one vector field is defined in the first quadrant and a second one in the others. In this class and considering a degenerated Hopf bifurcation near families of centers we obtain again at least five limit cycles but now from infinity, which is of monodromic type, and with simpler computations. The proof uses a partial classification of the center problem when both systems are of center type

Orbitally symmetric systems with applications to planar centers

We present a generalization of the most usual symmetries in differential equations known as the time-reversibility and the equivariance ones. We check that the typical properties are also valid for the new definition that unifies both. With it, we are able to present new families of planar polynomial vector fields having equilibrium points of center type. Moreover, we provide the highest lower bound for the local cyclicity of an equilibrium point of polynomial vector fields of degree 6, M(6) ≥ 48

Comparative Human and Automatic Evaluation of Glass-Box and Black-Box Approaches to Interactive Translation Prediction

Interactive translation prediction (ITP) is a modality of computer-aided translation that assists professional translators by offering context-based computer-generated continuation suggestions as they type. While most state-of-the-art ITP systems follow a glass-box approach, meaning that they are tightly coupled to an adapted machine translation system, a black-box approach which does not need access to the inner workings of the bilingual resources used to generate the suggestions has been recently proposed in the literature: this new approach allows new sources of bilingual information to be included almost seamlessly. In this paper, we compare for the first time the glass-box and the black-box approaches by means of an automatic evaluation of translation tasks between related languages such as English–Spanish and unrelated ones such as Arabic–English and English–Chinese, showing that, with our setup, 20%–50% of keystrokes could be saved using either method and that the black-box approach outperformed the glass-box one in five out of six scenarios operating under similar conditions. We also performed a preliminary human evaluation of English to Spanish translation for both approaches. On average, the evaluators saved 10% keystrokes and were 4% faster with the black-box approach, and saved 15% keystrokes and were 12% slower with the glass-box one; but they could have saved 51% and 69% keystrokes respectively if they had used all the compatible suggestions. Users felt the suggestions helped them to translate faster and easier. All the tools used to perform the evaluation are available as free/open–source software.Work partially funded by the Generalitat Valenciana through grant ACIF/2014/365, the Spanish government through project EFFORTUNE (TIN2015-69632-R), and by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Analysis of the transcript levels of VvAdh1, VvAdh2 and VvGrip4, three genes highly expressed during Vitis vinifera L. berry development

Well defined promoter sequences are required for the targeted expression of genes in transgenic grapevines. This paper describes a detailed study of the expression of three genes with potentially useful promoters. We have used real-time RT-PCR to evaluate the transcript levels of VvAdh1, VvAdh2 and VvGrip4 genes in various tissues (root, bud, tendril, inflorescence, fruit and embryogenic callus) of Vitis vinifera L. at different stages of development. Transcript levels of the three genes were highest in berry tissues but each had a distinct pattern of expression. VvAdh1 showed higher transcript levels during the early stages of berry development, while levels of VvAdh2 and VvGrip4 were higher during ripening. However, none of these genes was expressed in a strictly fruit-specific manner. In particular, significant levels of VvAdh1 and VvGrip4 transcripts were observed during late tendril development and in the inflorescence, respectively. Transcript levels of all three genes were similar in both flesh and skin, indicating no tissue-specificity within the berry. Promoter sequences of the VvAdh1, VvAdh2 and VvGrip4 genes could be very useful to drive ectopic gene expression in berries of transgenic plants

An Open-Source Web-Based Tool for Resource-Agnostic Interactive Translation Prediction

We present a web-based open-source tool for interactive translation prediction (ITP) and describe its underlying architecture. ITP systems assist human translators by making context-based computer-generated suggestions as they type. Most of the ITP systems in literature are strongly coupled with a statistical machine translation system that is conveniently adapted to provide the suggestions. Our system, however, follows a resource-agnostic approach and suggestions are obtained from any unmodified black-box bilingual resource. This paper reviews our ITP method and describes the architecture of Forecat, a web tool, partly based on the recent technology of web components, that eases the use of our ITP approach in any web application requiring this kind of translation assistance. We also evaluate the performance of our method when using an unmodified Moses-based statistical machine translation system as the bilingual resource.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through project TIN2012-32615