Time-reversibility and integrability of p:-q resonant vector fields

We study local analytical integrability in a neighborhood of $p:-q$ resonant singular point of a two-dimensional vector field and its connection to time-reversibility with respect to the non-smooth involution $\varphi(x,y)=(y^{p/q},x^{q/p}).$ Some generalizations of the theory developed by K.~S.~Sibirsky for $1:-1$ resonant case to the $p:-q$ resonant case are presented

Un Estudio Analítico de la Relación entre los Negocios Internacionales y el Desarrollo Sustentable en el Contexto de los Tratados de Libre Comercio: la Experiencia Práctica (An Analytical Study of the Relation between International Business and Sustainable Development in the Context of Free Trade Agreements: Practical Experience)

Resumen. El presente estudio busca analizar en profundidad las relaciones que se generan entre los negocios internacionales y el desarrollo sustentable, dentro del contexto de los tratados de libre comercio suscritos por México con Estados Unidos y Canadá, por México con Chile y por Chile con Estados Unidos. Se efectúa un estudio analítico de las normas relativas a desarrollo sustentable contenidas en los tratados, se reconocen diferencias y semejanzas entre ellas, y se investiga sobre la aplicación de la normatividad en la práctica. Se propone el uso masivo de 16 Principios para el logro de una sólida administración ambiental en los negocios internacionales; se determina que en algunos casos los negocios internacionales favorecen al desarrollo sustentable, y que en otros, lo perjudican; y, finalmente, se reconoce la importancia de introducir el estudio del desarrollo sustentable en el sistema educativo general, como una manera de avanzar hacia el fin de la disociación actual existente entre empresa y desarrollo sustentable. Abstract. This work looks into the relations generated between international business and sustainable development, in the context of the free trade agreements signed by Mexico, United States and Canada, by Mexico and Chile, and by Chile and United States. An analytical study of the norms related to sustainable development contained in the agreements is done; similarities and differences are recognized between those norms; and the application of the normative is studied. The massive use of 16 Principles for the achievement of solid environmental management in international business is proposed; it’s determined that in some cases international business are favorable to sustainable development and in other cases are harmful; and, finally, the importance of introducing the study of sustainable development to the general educational system is recognized, as an advance towards ending the actual dissociation existing between companies and sustainable development

Some results on homoclinic and heteroclinic connections in planar systems

Consider a family of planar systems depending on two parameters $(n,b)$ and having at most one limit cycle. Assume that the limit cycle disappears at some homoclinic (or heteroclinic) connection when $\Phi(n,b)=0.$ We present a method that allows to obtain a sequence of explicit algebraic lower and upper bounds for the bifurcation set ${\Phi(n,b)=0}.$ The method is applied to two quadratic families, one of them is the well-known Bogdanov-Takens system. One of the results that we obtain for this system is the bifurcation curve for small values of $n$, given by $b=\frac5 7 n^{1/2}+{72/2401}n- {30024/45294865}n^{3/2}- {2352961656/11108339166925} n^2+O(n^{5/2})$. We obtain the new three terms from purely algebraic calculations, without evaluating Melnikov functions

First observations of the microvine development under 100 % LED (light emitting diodes) illumination

In order to reduce energy waste for artificial lights and subsequent air conditioning in plant growth chambers, the aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of growing the microvine under 100 % of LED illumination. Plant growth under two different LED lights was compared amongst each other and with plants maintained in greenhouse conditions. Regarding the impact on the reproductive and vegetative systems, the study showed that LED light is suitable to grow microvines in confined environments. Plants exposed to LED light exhibited similar leaf emergence rate but reduced vegetative and reproductive organ size compared to plants grown in the greenhouse. Photosynthesis for plants exposed to LED light was higher than what is usually observed on grapevine under natural conditions.

Berry size variability in Vitis vinifera L.

In order to study the mechanisms of berry growth in Vitis vinifera L. we analysed cell division and pericarp enlargement of 6 genotypes showing high variability in berry size (range: 49-90 %. Both, cell number and cell volume were involved in the small-sized berries of the flb mutant producing wild-type-like berries. The differences of berry size observed in other small-sized clones were only due to cell expansion. The data suggest that the variability of berry size in V. vinifera cultivars predominantly results from modification of cell enlargement. Conversely, in wild-type-like berries, the variability of berry size could result from both, cell division and cell enlargement.

Convergence and Stability of a Parametric Class of Iterative Schemes for Solving Nonlinear Systems

[EN] A new parametric class of iterative schemes for solving nonlinear systems is designed. The third- or fourth-order convergence, depending on the values of the parameter being proven. The analysis of the dynamical behavior of this class in the context of scalar nonlinear equations is presented. This study gives us important information about the stability and reliability of the members of the family. The numerical results obtained by applying different elements of the family for solving the Hammerstein integral equation and the Fisher¿s equation confirm the theoretical results.This research was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades PGC2018-095896-BC22 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE)Cordero Barbero, A.; Villalba, EG.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR.; Triguero-Navarro, P. (2021). Convergence and Stability of a Parametric Class of Iterative Schemes for Solving Nonlinear Systems. Mathematics. 9(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9010086S1189

Organizational life cycle assessment: suitability for higher education institutions with environmental management systems

[EN] Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability of organizational life cycle assessments (O-LCAs) for higher education institutions (HEIs) with special attention to the benefits and particularities of those adopting environmental management systems (EMSs) verified according to Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Methods A thorough analysis following ISO/TS 14072 and UNEP Guidance was carried out using the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) EMS verified by the EMAS for guiding principles to develop the methodological proposal. The self-sufficiency of UPV EMS for developing an O-LCA was tested at the university pilot unit. The four steps of the O-LCA were applied to the pilot. Results and discussion A reporting organization, the organization to be studied (boundaries and scope), was defined in consideration of the environmental units (EU) of the EMS. Operational control was selected as a consolidation method. Reporting flows and system boundaries are also discussed. A three-scope scheme of the GHG protocol is introduced and combined with the ISO 14072 boundary definition to support better alignment with the HEI structure. For the life cycle inventory analysis, a mechanism for identifying activities and processes as well as their material and energy flows is proposed in consideration of the particularities of HEIs. A procedure for the prioritization of data collection efforts and cutoffs was developed. The procedure integrates current EMAS actions based on the significance of environmental aspects combined with the influence of reporting organizations under their control. Impact categories focus on midpoint indicators along with an additional inventory level indicator as part of the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Unfortunately, due to a lack of quality data available, LCIA can only be assessed in part with little interest in outcomes. Partial results are presented. Conclusions An EMS verified by EMAS is proven to be useful in the assessment of O-LCA for HEIs. However, EMAS requirements do not ensure the availability of all data needed to develop an O-LCA. An accounting system should complement a lack of data if it is properly structured. Considerable efforts are required to obtain an accurate result. EMS and the accounting system may be able to provide information that supports an O-LCA approach based on a coherent prioritization of data collection efforts and cutoff procedures along with a set of justified impact category indicators. Overall, organization managers must be in favor of such an assessment to meet the requirements of successful implementation.Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, VG.; Torregrosa López, JI.; Capuz-Rizo, SF. (2017). Organizational life cycle assessment: suitability for higher education institutions with environmental management systems. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 22(12):1928-1943. doi:10.1007/s11367-017-1289-8S192819432212Braunschweig A (2014) GHG-balances and LCA: applying the concept of scopes in organisational LCAs. E2 Management Consulting http://www.e2mc.com Accessed 1 July 2016Clift R, Wright L (2000) Relationships between environmental impacts and added value along the supply chain. Technol Forecast Soc 65(3):281–295Cortese AD (2003) The critical role of higher education in creating a sustainable future. Planning for higher education. Retrived from http://www.aashe.org/documents/resources/pdf/Cortese_PHE.pdf . Accessed 1 June 2016Curran MA (2017) Goal and scope definition in life cycle assessment. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978—94-024-0855-3Disterheft A, da Silva Caeiro SSF, Ramos MR, de Miranda Azeiteiro UM (2012) Environmental Management Systems (EMS) implementation processes and practices in European higher education institutions—top-down versus participatory approaches. J Clean Prod 31:80–90Draucker L (2013) GHG Protocol: moving Corporate Accounting Beyond GHGs. Abstract Book: SETAC North American 34th Annual Meeting, Nashville, USAEC (2013) European Commission Organization Environmental Footprint Guide. European Commission-Joint Research Centre-Institute for Environment and Sustainability http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:124:SOM:EN:HTML Accessed 1 June 2016EC (2016) European Commission Environment. Eco-Management and Audit Scheme http://ec.europa.eu/environment/emas/ Accessed 1 June 2016Finkbeiner M, Wiedemann M, Saur K (1998) A comprehensive approach towards product and organisation related environmental management tools. Int J Life Cycle Assess 3(3):169–178Fleischer G, Gerner K, Kunst H, Lichtenvort K, Rebitzer G (2001) A semi-quantitative method for the impact assessment of emissions within a simplified life cycle assessment. Int J Life Cycle Assess 6(3):149–156GRI (2005) GRI Boundary Protocol. Global Reporting Initiative. https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/GRI-Boundary-Protocol.pdf Accessed 1 June 2016Hauschild MZ, Huijbregts MA (2015) Introducing life cycle impact assessment. In: Hauschild MZ, Huijbregts MAJ (eds) Life cycle impact assessment, LCA compendium—the complete world of life cycle assessment. Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht 2015. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9744-3_1Hellweg S, Milà i Canals L (2014) Emerging approaches, challenges and opportunities in life cycle assessment. Science 344(6188):1109–1113Hochschorner E, Finnveden G (2003) Evaluation of two simplified life cycle assessment methods. Int J Life Cycle Assess 8(3):119–128Huang YA, Lenzen M, Weber CL, Murray J, Matthews HS (2009) The role of input-output analysis for the screening of corporate carbon footprints. Econ Systems Res 21(3):217–242ISO (2004) Environmental management systems—requirements with guidance for use ISO 14001: 2004. International Organization for Standardization, GenevaISO (2006a) ISO 14040: environmental management—life cycle assessment—principles and framework. International Organization for Standardization, GenevaISO (2006b) ISO 14044: environmental management—life cycle assessment—requirements and guidelines. International Organization for Standardization, GenevaISO (2014) ISO/TS 14072: environmental management—life cycle assessment—requirements and guidelines for organizational life cycle assessment. International Organization for Standardization, GenevaJolliet O, Frischknecht R, Bare J, Boulay AM, Bulle C, Fantke P, Weisbrod A (2014) Global guidance on environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators: findings of the scoping phase. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19(4):962–967Lave LB, Cobas-Flores E, Hendrickson CT, McMichael FC (1995) Using input-output analysis to estimate economy-wide discharges. Environ Sci Technol 29(9):420A–426ALife Cycle Initiative (2016) http://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/ Accessed 22 June 2016Lo-Iacono-Ferreira V, Torregrosa-López JI, Lora García J, Bastante-Ceca MJ, Capuz-Rizo SF (2011) Study of the inclusion of life cycle assessment impact categories in ecological footprint. XV International Congress of Project Engineering. ISBN: 978-84-615-4543-8Lo-Iacono-Ferreira VG, Torregrosa-López JI, Capuz-Rizo SF (2016a) Use of life cycle assessment methodology in the analysis of ecological footprint assessment results to evaluate the environmental performance of universities. J Clean Prod 133:43–53Lo-Iacono-Ferreira VG, Capuz-Rizo SF, Torregrosa-López JI (2016b) Ecological Footprint Assessment of Higher Education applying Life Cycle Assessment framework. Case study: Universitat Politència de València. XX International Congress on Project Management and Engineering, Cartagena, p 1423–1432. http://www.aeipro.com/aplic/tree_congresos/detalle_remository_aeipro.php?file=4636Lozano R (2006) Incorporation and institutionalization of SD into universities: breaking through barriers to change. J Clean Prod 14(9):787–796. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.12.010Lozano García FJ, Kevany K, Huisingh D (2006) Sustainability in higher education: what is happening? J Clean Prod 14(9):757–760. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.12.006Lozano R (2011) The state of sustainability reporting in universities. Int J Sust Higher Ed 12(1):67–78Manzardo A, Loss A, Mazzi A, Scipioni A, (2016) Organizational life-cycle assessment (OLCA): methodological issues and case studies in the beverage-packaging sector. Environmental footprints of packaging. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-287-913-4Martínez-Blanco J, Inaba A, Finkbeiner M (2015a) Halfway point in the flagship project LCA of organizations by UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative. Int J Life Cycle Ass Japan 11:1–7Martínez-Blanco J, Inaba A, Quiros A, Valdivia S, Milà-i-Canals L, Finkbeiner M (2015b) Organizational LCA: the new member of the LCA family—introducing the UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative guidance document. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20(8):1045–1047Martínez-Blanco J, Inaba A, Finkbeiner M (2015c) Scoping organizational LCA—challenges and solutions. Int J Life Cycle Assess 20(6):829–841Pelletier N, Allacker K, Pant R, Manfredi S (2013) The European Commission Organisation Environmental Footprint method: comparison with other methods, and rationales for key requirements. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19(2):387–404Resta B, Gaiardelli P, Pinto R, Dotti S (2016) Enhancing environmental management in the textile sector: an organisational-life cycle assessment approach. J Clean Prod 135:620–632Taylor AP, Postlethwaite D (1996) Overall business impact assessment (OBIA). In: Proceedings of the 4th SETAC Case Study Symposium. SETAC, Brussels, Belgium Brussels, 181–187Tlapa DA, Limón J, Báez YA (2009) Quality and environmental management in higher education institutes by integrating ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. Form Univ 2(2):35–46Torregrosa-López JI, Lo-Iacono-Ferreira V, Martí-Barranco C, Bellver-Navarro CG (2016) The strengths of EMAS as an environmental management system for European university campuses. Int J Environ Sust Dev 15(1):89–106UNEP (2015) Guidance on organizational life cycle assessment. Life-Cycle Initiative, United Nations Environment Programme and Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Paris, France. http://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/wp- content/uploads/2015/04/o-lca_24.4.15-web.pdf Accessed 1 June 2016Vivancos Bono JL (2005) Propuesta Metodológica para la Simplificación del ACV en su Aplicación a los Componentes Plásticos del Automóvil en el Marco del Ecodiseño. Ed. Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaWatkins P, Glover A (2016) Future generations: developing education for sustainability and global citizenship for university education students. In: Leal Filho W, Pace L (ed) Teaching education for sustainable development at university level. Springer International Publishing, pp 67–81. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-32928-4_5WRI and WBCSD (2011) Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard—Supplement to the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. 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Convergence and Stability of a New Parametric Class of Iterative Processes for Nonlinear Systems

[EN] In this manuscript, we carry out a study on the generalization of a known family of multipoint scalar iterative processes for approximating the solutions of nonlinear systems. The convergence analysis of the proposed class under various smooth conditions is provided. We also study the stability of this family, analyzing the fixed and critical points of the rational operator resulting from applying the family on low-degree polynomials, as well as the basins of attraction and the orbits (periodic or not) that these points produce. This dynamical study also allows us to observe which members of the family are more stable and which have chaotic behavior. Graphical analyses of dynamical planes, parameter line and bifurcation planes are also studied. Numerical tests are performed on different nonlinear systems for checking the theoretical results and to compare the proposed schemes with other known ones.Cordero Barbero, A.; Maimo, JG.; Rodríguez-Cabral, A.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR. (2023). Convergence and Stability of a New Parametric Class of Iterative Processes for Nonlinear Systems. Algorithms. 16(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/a1603016316

Iterative methods with memory for solving systems of nonlinear equations using a second order approximation

[EN] Iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations are said to have memory when the calculation of the next iterate requires the use of more than one previous iteration. Methods with memory usually have a very stable behavior in the sense of the wideness of the set of convergent initial estimations. With the right choice of parameters, iterative methods without memory can increase their order of convergence significantly, becoming schemes with memory. In this work, starting from a simple method without memory, we increase its order of convergence without adding new functional evaluations by approximating the accelerating parameter with Newton interpolation polynomials of degree one and two. Using this technique in the multidimensional case, we extend the proposed method to systems of nonlinear equations. Numerical tests are presented to verify the theoretical results and a study of the dynamics of the method is applied to different problems to show its stability.This research was supported by PGC2018-095896-B-C22 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2016/089, and FONDOCYT 2016-2017-212 Republica Dominicana.Cordero Barbero, A.; Maimó, JG.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR.; Vassileva, MP. (2019). Iterative methods with memory for solving systems of nonlinear equations using a second order approximation. Mathematics. 7(11):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/math7111069S112711Soleymani, F., Lotfi, T., Tavakoli, E., & Khaksar Haghani, F. (2015). Several iterative methods with memory using self-accelerators. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 254, 452-458. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2015.01.045Petković, M. S., & Sharma, J. R. (2015). On some efficient derivative-free iterative methods with memory for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Numerical Algorithms, 71(2), 457-474. doi:10.1007/s11075-015-0003-9Narang, M., Bhatia, S., Alshomrani, A. S., & Kanwar, V. (2019). General efficient class of Steffensen type methods with memory for solving systems of nonlinear equations. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 352, 23-39. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2018.10.048Potra, F. A. (1982). An error analysis for the secant method. Numerische Mathematik, 38(3), 427-445. doi:10.1007/bf01396443Fatou, P. (1919). Sur les équations fonctionnelles. Bulletin de la Société mathématique de France, 2, 161-271. doi:10.24033/bsmf.998Cordero, A., & Torregrosa, J. R. (2007). Variants of Newton’s Method using fifth-order quadrature formulas. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 190(1), 686-698. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2007.01.062Campos, B., Cordero, A., Torregrosa, J. R., & Vindel, P. (2015). A multidimensional dynamical approach to iterative methods with memory. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 271, 701-715. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2015.09.056Chicharro, F. I., Cordero, A., & Torregrosa, J. R. (2013). Drawing Dynamical and Parameters Planes of Iterative Families and Methods. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-11. doi:10.1155/2013/78015