Introducció de la geomàtica a l’educació secundària

Tot i que al currículum de l’Educació Secundària trobem continguts relacionats amb la Geomàtica, aquests no es tracten gaire a classe i no se’ls dóna gaire importància. El present treball de fi de grau té, com a objectiu principal, introduir i ampliar aquests continguts i també motivar al professorat perquè utilitzi la Geomàtica com a eina a l’aula. Primer de tot es fa una descripció general del sistema educatiu a Espanya i Catalunya, fent referència a la LOE, a nivell estatal i a la LEC, a nivell autonòmic que el regulen. També es fa referència als decrets que estan en vigor, actualment, en matèria educativa. Es descriuen, també, els canvis més importants que introdueix la nova llei educativa, la LOMCE, que s’ha començat a aplicar parcialment durant el curs 2014-2015. Més endavant, es fa un anàlisi de l’Educació Secundària Obligatòria i del Batxillerat, descrivint l’estructura d’aquestes dues etapes i els objectius generals que han d’assolir tots els alumnes en cadascuna d’elles. També es fa referència al currículum i s’anomenen totes les matèries, tant obligatòries com optatives, que han de cursar els alumnes en cadascun dels cursos d’aquesta etapa educativa. A continuació es descriuen la Geomàtica i la Topografia i altres ciències relacionades, així com la figura de l’Enginyer en Geomàtica i Topografia, definint les seves competències i les habilitats que ha de tenir. Després es fa un anàlisi exhaustiu del currículum de totes les matèries de l’Educació Secundària Obligatòria i del Batxillerat, seleccionant tots aquells continguts que tenen relació amb la Geomàtica. Tenint en compte tots aquests continguts, es proposen tota un sèrie d’unitats didàctiques per desenvolupar a classe amb la intenció d’ampliar-los. D’entre totes aquestes unitats didàctiques, s’ha elaborat el material didàctic de quatre d’elles, incloent-hi el desenvolupament dels continguts i una proposta d’activitats de consolidació i avaluació. També es presenten diferents recursos que podem trobar a la xarxa i que poden ser molt útils a l’aula per tal d’aprofundir en aquests tipus de continguts

Fate of endocrine disruptor compounds in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) coupled to an activated sludge reactor

[EN] The occurrence and fate of three groups of micropollutants - alkylphenols, pentachlorophenol and hormones - were studied in a pilot plant consisting of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) coupled to an activated sludge reactor (University of Cape Town configuration - UCT). Under anaerobic conditions, the octylphenol and technical-nonylphenol soluble concentrations increased producing negative degradation ratios (i.e., -175 and -118%, respectively). However, high 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol-A degradation ratios (92 and 59% for 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol-A, respectively) as well as complete pentachlorophenol, estrone, 17 beta-estradiol and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol removal were observed. Under aerobic conditions (UCT), octylphenol, technical-nonylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol-A degradation ratios were higher than 84%. The AnMBR thus removes a high proportion of 4-n-nonylphenol, pentachlorophenol, estrone, 17 beta-estradiol and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, but requires a later post-treatment process (such as UCT) to improve bisphenol-A, octylphenol and technical-nonylphenol degradation ratios. The overall AnMBR-UCT degradation ratios were 48% and 70% for octylphenol and technical-nonylphenol, respectively, and higher than 97% for 4-n-nonylphenol and bisphenol-A. The AnMBR produced a higher micropollutant accumulation in the sludge than the UCT: removal by adsorption in the AnMBR process was between 0.5 and 10%, and less than 0.5% in the UCT process. The combination of AnMBR and UCT technologies produces an effluent stream with low concentrations of micropollutants.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, CTM2011-28595-C02-01 and CTM2011-28595-C02-02) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Abargues Llamas, MR.; Ferrer, J.; Bouzas Blanco, A.; Seco Torrecillas, A. (2018). Fate of endocrine disruptor compounds in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) coupled to an activated sludge reactor. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology (Online). 4(2):226-233. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ew00382jS2262334

The Rap Net: a geodetic positioning network for Andalusia (South Spain)

In this paper we present a description of the Andalusian Positioning Network, RAP: its objectives; design; development; its problems and its present status. This geodetic network consists of 22 permanent GPS stations whose surveying will provide the data required to obtain relative positions of any place in Andalusia after applying some post-processing techniques and real-time differential corrections. Thus, high-precision geodetic coordinates referred to the WGS-84 system will be provided for anywhere in Andalusia. The station in the network can broadcast a differential correction via internet. Nine stations can also broadcast the RTK corrections via radio. The network has been designed to cover Andalusia and to provide real-time differential corrections in the whole area. The RAP network is referred to the EUREF system and is the new reference frame in Andalusia for the Institute of Cartography of Andalusia’s new cartography. It will also be used to settle photogrametric points or marks for the georeferencing of satellite images; to establish control points for reference networks in civil engineering or GIS applications; for numerous scientific and technological applications, such as precise geoid determination and tropospheric, ionospheric, and climatological studies, among others. Its millimetric precision will ensure success when integrating new projects with other cartographies

Micropollutants removal in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and in an aerobic conventional treatment plant

The paper expresses an attempt to tackle the problem due to the presence of micropollutants in wastewater which may be able to disrupt the endocrine system of some organisms. These kinds of compounds are ubiquitously present in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The aim of this paper is to compare the fate of the alkylphenols-APs (4-(tert-octyl)) phenol, t-nonylphenol and 4-p-nonylphenol and the hormones (estrone, 17ß-estradiol and 17¿-ethinylestradiol) in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) pilot plant and in a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (CTP). The obtained results are also compared with the results obtained in a previous study carried out in an aerobic MBR pilot plant. The results showed that the APs soluble concentrations in the SAMBR effluent were always significantly higher than the CTP ones. Moreover, the analyses of the suspended fraction revealed that the AP concentrations in the SAMBR reactor were usually higher than in the CTP reactor, indicating that under anaerobic conditions the APs were accumulated in the digested sludge. The aerobic conditions maintained both in the CTP system and in the aerobic MBR favoured the APs and hormones degradation, and gave rise to lower concentrations in the effluent and in the reactor of these systems. Furthermore, the results also indicated that the degradation of APs under aerobic conditions was enhanced working at high solid retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) values. © IWA Publishing 2012.This research was financially supported by the Government of the Region of Valencia (Generalitat Valenciana), within the research project 'Application of Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC on endocrine disruptors and priority substances in coastal areas in the Comunidad Valenciana' and by the Spanish Research Foundation (MICINN, project CTM2008-060809-C02-01/TECNO), within the research project 'Feasibility of the SAMBR technology to treat urban wastewater, and the technical and economic feasibility to industrial implementation'.Agargues Llamas, MR.; Robles Martínez, Á.; Bouzas Blanco, A.; Seco Torrecillas, A. (2012). Micropollutants removal in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and in an aerobic conventional treatment plant. Water Science and Technology. 65(12):2242-2250. doi:10.2166/wst.2012.145S22422250651

The Influence of History of Severe Periodontitis on Estimated Long-Term Marginal Bone Loss around Implants Restored with Fixed Segmented Full-Arch Rehabilitation

The authors of this manuscript are partially supported by Research Groups #CTS-138, #CTS-176 and #CTS-1028 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain).The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term marginal bone level (MBL) of implants supporting fixed full-arch restoration in patients who had previously lost their dentition due to severe periodontitis. This retrospective study included 35 patients in whom 342 implants with internal tapered conical connections were placed. MBL was analyzed radiographically over time and a long-term estimation of MBL was calculated. A mixed linear model with abutment height, graft, diameter and location (maxilla/mandible) as factors and gender, age, implant length and prosthetic variables as covariates was used to evaluate the influence on MBL. MBL in these patients showed an estimator of predictions at 4108 days after loading of −0.307 mm, SE = 0.042. Only 0.15% of implants were radiographically affected with MBL of 3 mm or more. The mixed linear model results showed a main effect of the type of opposing dentition, gender, implant diameter, and abutment height. Particularly, an abutment height of 1 mm had associated larger MBL than the remaining heights. Thus, it can be concluded that dental implants restored with fixed segmented full-arch rehabilitation in patients with a history of severe periodontal disease do not suffer important marginal bone loss if some specific factors are considered, mainly the use of long transmucosal abutments (≥2 mm).Junta de Andalucía CTS-138, CTS-176, CTS-102

The influence of history of severe periodontitis on estimated long-term marginal bone loss around implants restored with fixed segmented full-arch rehabilitation

The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term marginal bone level (MBL) of implants supporting fixed full-arch restoration in patients who had previously lost their dentition due to severe periodontitis. This retrospective study included 35 patients in whom 342 implants with internal tapered conical connections were placed. MBL was analyzed radiographically over time and a long-term estimation of MBL was calculated. A mixed linear model with abutment height, graft, diameter and location (maxilla/mandible) as factors and gender, age, implant length and prosthetic variables as covariates was used to evaluate the influence on MBL. MBL in these patients showed an estimator of predictions at 4108 days after loading of −0.307 mm, SE = 0.042. Only 0.15% of implants were radiographically affected with MBL of 3 mm or more. The mixed linear model results showed a main effect of the type of opposing dentition, gender, implant diameter, and abutment height. Particularly, an abutment height of 1 mm had associated larger MBL than the remaining heights. Thus, it can be concluded that dental implants restored with fixed segmented full-arch rehabilitation in patients with a history of severe periodontal disease do not suffer important marginal bone loss if some specific factors are considered, mainly the use of long transmucosal abutments (≥2 mm).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of allergen-specific immunotherapy with the major allergen Alt a1

Background: There have been fewstudies conducted on the efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy with allergen extracts of fungi compared with other allergen extracts, and there are no data on the major allergen Alt a 1 of the fungus Alternaria alternata. Objectives: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with 2 different doses of Alt a 1 in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis caused by sensitization to A alternata. Method: We performed a multicenter, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial with Alt a 1 administered subcutaneously in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with or without controlled asthma aged 12 to 65 years. Three groups were included: the placebo group and active groups receiving 0.2 or 0.37 mg of Alt a 1 per dose. The main end point was the combined symptom and medication score. Secondary end points were cutaneous reactivity and serum IgE and IgG4 levels to Alta 1. Recorded adverse reactions were graded according to World Allergy Organization criteria. Results: There were significant reductions in the combined symptom and medication score for the 0.37-mg dose of Alt a 1 compared with placebo at 12 months of treatment. Reduced cutaneous reactivity and IgE levels, together with increased IgG4 levels, were demonstrated for the 2 active groups versus the placebo group. A similar safety profile was found for both active groups compared with the placebo group. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported. Conclusion: Immunotherapy with Alt a 1 was efficacious and safe, reducing the symptoms and medication consumption associated with rhinoconjunctivitis after only 1 year of treatment. The clinical benefits were associated with reduced skin reactivity and specific IgE levels and increased IgG4 levels

Socio-economic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in Spain: a nation-wide study using area-based deprivation

Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide and in Spain. Several previous studies have documented socio-economic inequalities in lung cancer mortality but these have focused on specific provinces or cities. The goal of this study was to describe lung cancer mortality in Spain by sex as a function of socio-economic deprivation. Methods: We analysed all registered deaths from lung cancer during the period 2011-2017 in Spain. Mortality data was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics, and socio-economic level was measured with the small-area deprivation index developed by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology, with the census tract of residence at the time of death as the unit of analysis. We computed crude and age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants by sex, deprivation quintile, and type of municipality (rural, semi-rural, urban) considering the 2013 European standard population (ASR-E). We further calculated ASR-E ratios between the most deprived (Q5) and the least deprived (Q1) areas and mapped census tract smoothed standardized lung cancer mortality ratios by sex. Results: We observed 148,425 lung cancer deaths (80.7% in men), with 73.5 deaths per 100,000 men and 17.1 deaths per 100,000 women. Deaths from lung cancer in men were five times more frequent than in women (ASR-E ratio = 5.3). Women residing in the least deprived areas had higher mortality from lung cancer (ASR-E = 22.2), compared to women residing in the most deprived areas (ASR-E = 13.2), with a clear gradient among the quintiles of deprivation. For men, this pattern was reversed, with the highest mortality occurring in areas of lower socio-economic level (ASR-E = 99.0 in Q5 vs. ASR-E = 86.6 in Q1). These socio-economic inequalities remained fairly stable over time and across urban and rural areas. Conclusions: Socio-economic status is strongly related to lung cancer mortality, showing opposite patterns in men and women, such that mortality is highest in women residing in the least deprived areas and men residing in the most deprived areas. Systematic surveillance of lung cancer mortality by socio-economic status may facilitate the assessment of public health interventions aimed at mitigating cancer inequalities in Spain.High Resolution Study of Social Inequalities in Cancer (HiReSIC), Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) (PROYE20023SÁNC). Subprograma de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Cáncer (VICA), del CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII): PI18/01593 EU/FEDER. Acciones de Movilidad CIBERESP, 2022. Dafina Petrova is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Ministry of Science and the National Research Agency of Spain (MCIN/AEI, JC2019-039691-I, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, Accessed 4 October 2021). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing or decision to publish.S

The Effects of an Infant Formula Enriched with Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Synbiotics on Child Behavior up to 2.5 Years Old: The COGNIS Study

Although early life nutrition influences brain development and mental health, the long-term e ects of supplemented infant formula on children´s behavior remain unclear. We analyzed the e ects of a bioactive nutrients-enriched-infant formula on children’s behavior up to 2.5 years, compared to a standard infant formula or breastfeeding. Current analysis involved 70 children who were fed a standard infant formula (SF, n = 29) or a bioactive compounds enriched-infant formula (EF, n = 41), during their first 18 months of life, and 33 breastfed (BF) children (reference group) participating in the COGNIS study. Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist at 18 months and 2.5 years. Di erent statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. EF children aged 2.5 years presented fewer pathological a ective problems than SF children. Besides, SF children were classified more frequently as bordering on internalizing problems than BF children. Rates of externalizing problems were increased in SF infants compared to EF and BF infants. Higher maternal IQ was found to have beneficial e ects on internalizing and total problem rate in their o spring at 18 months of life; finally, higher maternal educational level was related with fewer ADHD problems in children at 18 months, as well as internalizing, externalizing, total and anxiety problems in children aged 2.5 years. Our analysis suggests that enriched infant formula fed infants seem to show fewer behavioral problems up to 2.5 years compared to a standard infant formula-fed infants. In addition to type of early feeding, maternal IQ and educational level seem to play a key role on children behavioral development.Ordesa LaboratoriesS.L. Contract University of Granada General Foundation 3349SMARTFOODS (CIEN) Contract University of Granada General Foundation 4003Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and CompetitivenessHORIZON 2020 EU DynaHEALTH Project 633595Fundación Carolina, Madrid, SpainCatedra ORDESA-University of Granada, Spain as part of Special Issue "Early Nutrition and Re-programming of Health and Disease