Seres humanos y animales. La polémica contemporánea en cuanto a la titularidad de los derechos

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Solitary Waves in Massive Nonlinear S^N-Sigma Models

The solitary waves of massive (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear S^N-sigma models are unveiled. It is shown that the solitary waves in these systems are in one-to-one correspondence with the separatrix trajectories in the repulsive N-dimensional Neumann mechanical problem. There are topological (heteroclinic trajectories) and non-topological (homoclinic trajectories) kinks. The stability of some embedded sine-Gordon kinks is discussed by means of the direct estimation of the spectra of the second-order fluctuation operators around them, whereas the instability of other topological and non-topological kinks is established applying the Morse index theorem

A generalized Holling type II model for the interaction between dextral-sinistral snails and Pareas snakes

Producción CientíficaPareatic snakes possess outstanding asymmetry in the mandibular tooth number, which has probably been caused by its evolution to improve the feeding on the predominant dextral snails. Gene mutation can generate chiral inversion on the snail body. A sinistral snail population can thrive in this ecological context. The interactions between dextral/sinistral snails and Pareas snakes are modeled in this paper by using a new generalized functional response of Holling type II. Distinct Pareas species show different bilateral asymmetry degrees. This parameter plays an essential role in our model and determines the evolution of the populations. Stability of the solutions is also analyzed for different regimes in the space of parameters.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grant MTM2014-57129-C2-1-P)Junta de Castilla y Leon (grant VA057U16

El derecho al aprovechamiento urbanístico de los bienes de dominio público obtenidos onerosamente, con especial referencia a Canal de Isabel II

El objeto del presente trabajo es analizar y justificar desde un punto de vista jurídico el derecho al aprovechamiento urbanístico de los bienes de dominio público, con especial referencia a Canal de Isabel II como propietario de bienes de dominio público, obtenidos onerosamenteMáster en Política Territorial y Urbanística. 21ª ed. Curso 2010/201

Células solares de puntos cuánticos coloidales

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Física Aplicada. Codi: SIN019. Curs acadèmic 2012-2013Scarcity of oil reserves together with the increasing environmental awareness are motivating the scientific community to dedicate much effort toward the development of new technologies for producing energy from renewable sources, including photovoltaics. So far, the main handicap of this technology is the high economical cost, therefore the researchers are focusing on the development of cheaper materials and innovative technologies. Among all the available materials, colloidal quantum dots are expected to be excellent candidates for photovoltaics,due to the combination of low-cost processing, high extinction coefficients, band-gap tunability and relatively high stability. The present work focuses on the study of the working principles of quantum dot based solar cells in the solid state (without liquid electrolytes), by following a standard procedure to prepare the corresponding devices in a reproducible and systematic way. Different samples have been prepared under different conditions and treatments to elucidate their effect on the performance of the devices, which were characterized using different optoelectronic techniques. Devices are prepared on basis to the typical depleted heterojunction configuration (Figura 1), which consists of a mesoporous electron transport layer (TiO2) deposited on a conductive glass (FTO), a PbS quandum dot layer and finally a metalic contact (Au) evaporated on the top. In order to reduce the number of short-circuited devices, a compact layer of TiO2 was included between the mesoporous TiO2 layer and the FTO. The nanostructured TiO2 electrode was functionalized with organic ligands, which promoted an improvement on the FF values and consequently, a significant increase of the device efficiency. Moreover, several parameters such as the amount of photoactive material, the significance of using a mesoporous layer of TiO2 or the effect of the nature of the inter-dot ligands, among others, were studied and optimized. After the realization of this work, we were able to prepare devices in a reliable and systematic manner with maximum efficiencies of 2,1%

Acreditación y fomento de la calidad. La experiencia chilena de las últimas décadas

La preocupación por la calidad surge como tema prioritario en la educación superior (ES) al producirse cambios en la estructura del sistema chileno a partir de 1981. Estos cambios han implicado una drástica expansión y diversificación de la oferta educativa, originada tanto por la división de instituciones del Estado ya existentes, como por la autorización que permitió la creación de instituciones privadas. De ocho universidades, en gran medida financiadas por el Estado, altamente selectivas y que reclutaban a la élite de estudiantes y académicos, se pasó a un sistema que hoy cuenta con 224 instituciones de muy distinta naturaleza, que incluye universidades, institutos profesionales y centros de formación técnica. Ello ha provocado que la selectividad se circunscriba actualmente a unas pocas instituciones, sólo de nivel universitario y de elevado prestigio social, lo que ha impactado en la calidad del sistema. Por otra parte, las instituciones buscan lograr su autofinanciamiento (incluidas las estatales), por lo que se ha producido una multiplicación de la oferta tradicional de carreras, la creación de nuevas y atractivas carreras para el mercado y la proliferación de sedes por todo el paísPeer Reviewe

Mutual Coupling Reduction Techniques in Electronic Steering Antennas in X Band

This work provides the development of an antenna for satellite communications onboard systems based on the recommendations ITU-R S.580-6 [1] and ITU-R S.465-5 [2]. The antenna consists of printed elements grouped in an array, working in a frequency band from 7.25 up to 8.4 GHz (15% of bandwidth). In this working band, transmission and reception are included simultaneously. The antenna reaches a gain about 31 dBi, has a radiation pattern with a beam width smaller than 10oand dual circular polarization. It has the capability to steer in elevation through a Butler matrix to 4

Compression principle and Zipf’s Law of brevity in infochemical communication

Compression has been presented as a general principle of animal communication. Zipf’s Law of brevity is a manifestation of this postulate and can be generalized as the tendency of more frequent communicative elements to be shorter. Previous works supported this claim, showing evidence of Zipf’s Law of brevity in animal acoustical communication and human language. However, a significant part of the communicative effort in biological systems is carried out in other transmission channels, such as those based on infochemicals. To fill this gap, we seek, for the first time, evidence of this principle in infochemical communication by analysing the statistical tendency of more frequent infochemicals to be chemically shorter and lighter. We analyse data from the largest and most comprehensive open-access infochemical database known as Pherobase, recovering Zipf’s Law of brevity in interspecific communication (allelochemicals) but not in intraspecific communication (pheromones). Moreover, these results are robust even when addressing different magnitudes of study or mathematical approaches. Therefore, different dynamics from the compression principle would dominate intraspecific chemical communication, defying the universality of Zipf’s Law of brevity. To conclude, we discuss the exception found for pheromones in the light of other potential communicative paradigms such as pressures on successful communication or the Handicap principle.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::14 - Vida SubmarinaObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::15 - Vida d'Ecosistemes TerrestresPostprint (author's final draft

Modelizacion de un DSS para la gestión de productos perecederos

La gestión de inventarios de productos perecederos ha atraído desde hace tiempo la atención de los investigadores de Dirección de Operaciones. En este artículo se presenta la modelización e implementación de un sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones (DSS) para la gestión de productos perecederos, aplicado a la distribución interhospitalaria de hemoderivados. En estos casos se trata de satisfacer en lo posible las demandas, tratando de evitar a la vez la caducidad de los productos en manos de los clientes (los cuales teóricamente no sufren coste extra por sobrestock). Dada la naturaleza multicriterio del problema, para la modelización se ha usado goal programming, con resultados que en casos concretos permiten reducciones considerables en la cantidad de productos inutilizables