EFECTOS DEL INGRESO DE VENEZUELA A MERCOSUR SOBRE LA BALANZA COMERCIAL CON ÉNFASIS EN PRODUCTOS NO PETROLEROS

En este estudio sobre los efectos de la incorporación de Venezuela como miembro pleno del Mercosur sobre su balanza comercial, con énfasis en productos no petroleros, se observó que productos con el mayor aporte al total de las exportaciones venezolanas a Brasil no se verían beneficiados pues su arancel ya es cero. También por la misma razón las exportaciones de Venezuela hacia Argentina se verían poco beneficiadas. Además la estructura de la oferta exportable de Venezuela a Paraguay y Uruguay es similar a la que tiene Venezuela con los otros países miembros del Mercosur. Por lo tanto, los efectos de la incorporación de Venezuela al Mercosur se asemejan a una liberalización unilateral de las importaciones venezolanas. El principal aporte de Venezuela al Mercosur sigue siendo en el campo de la energía, por su condición de gran productor y exportador mundial de petróleo. AbstractThis study of the effects of the incorporation of Venezuela as full member of Mercosur, on its commercial balance, with emphasis in non oil products, shows that products with a large contribution to total Venezuelan exports to Brazil would not be benefited because their customs tariff is zero. The exports of Venezuela toward Argentina have little benefit too as their custom tariff is zero for most of them. The structure of the exportable offer of Venezuela to Paraguay and Uruguay is similar to that of Venezuela to the other members of Mercosur. Thus the incorporation of Venezuela to Mercosur looks very much like a unilateral liberalization of Venezuelan imports. The principal contribution of Venezuela to Mercosur will still be in the energy sector, given its condition of being a worldwide large oil producer and exporter

Uveítis y glaucoma asociados a infección por Hepatozoon canis : reporte de un caso

ABSTRACT: We report the case of a five years old German Shepherd dog, who presented anterior uveitis in his left eye which then led him to glaucoma and corneal ulcer. Clinical examination found a patient with low body condition, muscle weakness, dull and brittle coat, and unspecific symptomatology. During both the cell blood count (CBC) and blood smears, gamonts of Hepatozoon canis were found in blood and aqueous humor. Diagnosis, treatment and progress are reported.RESUMEN: Se expone el caso de un perro Pastor Alemán de cinco años y medio de edad, el cual presentó uveítis anterior en ojo izquierdo que luego le condujo a glaucoma y úlcera corneal. En el examen clínico se encontró un paciente con baja condición corporal, debilidad muscular, además de un pelaje opaco y quebradizo, con sintomatología inespecífica. Tanto en el hemograma como en los extendidos sanguíneos se encontraron gamontes de Hepatozoon canis en sangre y humor acuoso. Se discute su diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución

Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica. Presentación de casos y discusión

ResumenSe describen dos casos de púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica (PTT), el primero con una respuesta excelente a la terapia y el segundo con desenlace fatal debido a la escasez de plasma del grupo AB a pesar de la sospecha y la institución temprana del manejo. La PTTes una entidad con alta mortalidad si no se sospecha con rapidez y se instaura un tratamiento efectivo. La asociación de anemia y trombocitopenia en ausencia de leucopenia, debe alertar al clínico; si se confirma anemia hemolítica microangiopática más trombocitopenia es un argumento suficiente para iniciar plasmaféresis diaria en presencia o no de síntomas neurológicos, renales o fiebre, ya que en todos los pacientes podría no encontrarse la péntada clásica completa de la PTT. El intercambio plasmático con plasma fresco congelado o plasma sobrenadante de crioprecipitado puede ser salvador de la vida en estos pacientes. En la tercera parte de casos,siguen un curso crónico o refractario y se puede emplear inmunosu-presión con rituximab o ciclosporina. La esplenectomía es otra alternativa para considerar en los pacientes que no responden a la plasmaféresis.[Torres JD, Toro LG. Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica. Presentación de casos y discusión. MedUNAB 2008; 11:176-184].Palabras clave: Púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica, Trombocitopenia, Trombosis, Plasmaféresis

Patients' perceptions on shared decision making during prescription of subcutaneous biological drug treatments for inflammatory arthritis: the RHEU-LIFE survey

Short report[Abstract] Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the preferences of patients with rheumatic diseases and their perceived experience regarding participation in shared decision making (SDM) when they were prescribed a subcutaneous (SC) biological drug. Methods: A printed survey was handed to 1,000 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with SC biological drug. The survey included closed questions about preferences regarding decision making and about patients' experience when they were prescribed an SC biological drug. Descriptive statistics were performed with stratification by patient profiles, using chi-square for comparisons between groups. Results: A total of 592 surveys were received (response rate 59.2%, mean age 51.7 years, 57.6% women). Some 28.2% of patients reported preferring to take part in treatment selection, a percentage that was higher in younger patients, in those with higher academic degree and in those who search information in sources different to that of health care professionals. Over half of patients (56.3%) perceived that the rheumatologist considered their opinion when prescribing an SC biological drug, a percentage higher in younger people. Only in 40.8% of cases did the patients' preference match their perception of their participation in the process. No differences were observed by sex, disease or number of biologics. Conclusions: Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases want information about their treatments but mostly leave the prescription decision to the rheumatologist. Younger people, or those with higher academic degree, more often want to participate in the SDM. There are discrepancies between patient preferences and perceptions of this process

Nova shema za izravno upravljanje momentom asinkronih motora napajanih iz trofaznog izmjenjivača

This paper presents a novel controller based on Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy. This controller is designed to be applied in the control of Induction Motors (IM) fed with a three-level Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). This type of inverter has several advantages over the standard two-level VSI, such as a greater number of levels in the output voltage waveforms, lower dV/dt, less harmonic distortion in voltage and current waveforms and lower switching frequencies. In the new controller, torque and stator flux errors are used together with the stator flux angular frequency to generate a reference voltage vector. Experimental results of the novel system are presented and compared with those obtained for Classical DTC system employing a two-level VSI. The new controller is shown to reduce the ripple in the torque and flux responses. Lower current distortion and switching frequency of the semiconductor devices are also obtained in the new system presented.U ovome se članku opisuje novi regulator zasnovan na strategiji izravnog upravljanja momentom i razvijen za primjenu u upravljanju asinkronim motorima napajanim iz trorazinskih izmjenjivača napona. Taj tip izmjenjivača ima nekoliko prednosti u odnosu na standardne dvorazinske izmjenjivače napona, kao što je veći broj razina u izlaznom valnom obliku napona, niži du/dt, manja distorzija harmonika u valnim oblicima napona i struje i niže frekvencije komutacije. U novom regulatoru moment i pogreške u statorskom toku koriste se zajedno s kutnom frekvencijom statora za tvorbu referentne vrijednosti vektora napona. Eksperimentalni su rezultati novog sustava prikazani i uspoređeni s rezultatima klasičnog sustava koji koristi dvorazinski pretvarač napona. Novi regulator pokazuje smanjeni šum u odzivima momenta i toka motora. U predloženom je sustavu također postignuta i manja distorzija struje i manja frekvencija komutacije poluvodičkih sklopova

Uveitis and glaucoma associated to Hepatozoon canis infection : a case report

ABSTRACT: This paper is about the clinical case of a five in a half years old German Sheeper, which presented anterior uveitis in his left eye that later became into galucoma and corneal ulcers. The clinic exam performed to the dog showed a patient with low corporal condition, muscular weekeness, accompanied by dull and fragile hair, which are associated symptoms of hepatozoonosis. In the studies performed to the dog It was found gamonts of Hepatozoon canis in blood and aqueous humor. Diagnosis, treatment and progress are reported.RESUMEN: Se expone el caso de un perro Pastor Alemán de cinco años y medio de edad, el cual presentó uveítis anterior en ojo izquierdo que luego le condujo a glaucoma y úlcera corneal. En el examen clínico se encontró un paciente con baja condición corporal, debilidad muscular, además de un pelaje opaco y quebradizo, con sintomatología inespecífica. Tanto en el hemograma como en los extendidos sanguíneos se encontraron gamontes de Hepatozoon canis en sangre y humor acuoso. Se discute su diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución

Latin America ClimateSmart Villages AR4D sites: 2016 Inventory

Inventory of CSA practices in Latin America’s ClimateSmart Villages