Modèle elliptique pour la section du filé. 1er partie: la prédiction et l'ajustage d'un modèle elliptique pour filés conventionnels à anneaux en coton (RS)

Uno de los parámetros fundamentales para el estudio de la geometría del tejido es el “diámetro” del hilado. A primera vista puede parecer que el hilado tiene una sección circular, pero en realidad no es así, tiene una sección aproximadamente elíptica. Esta aproximación a la elipse requiere una medición del diámetro mayor y menor (D y d); estas mediciones son difíciles, por lo que se hace necesario encontrar un nuevo método para solucionar este problema. El presente estudio consiste en diseñar un modelo matemático para calcular los diámetros (D y d) de la sección elíptica del hilado convencional de algodón, una nueva metodología para la determinación del perímetro de la sección de los hilados y ajuste a la forma elíptica a la que más se aproxima. Como resultados las secciones de los hilados son elipses con una cierta deformación; las ecuaciones deducidas son muy simples (D = K1 √tex, d = K2 √tex) y tienen una alta correlación y simulación con los diámetros reales.One of the main dimensions requisite in the study of fabric geometry is the “diameter” of yarn, a first assumption being that a yarn has a circular cross-section, but in fact the shape of the yarn crosssection can best be approximated as ellipses. This approximation requires the estimation of the major and minor diameters (D, d); these estimations are difficult (according to various studies) therefore it is necessary to find a new approach to solve this problem. In the present research work it has been carried out a mathematical prediction study for calculate the diameters (D, d) of the ellipses of cotton cross-section yarns, and a new methodology for determination the cross-section profile and ellipses fitting. As a result the cross-sections of the yarns are ellipses with some deformation; the equations deduced are very simple (D = K1 √tex, d = K2 √tex) and has a high correlation and simulation with actual diameters.Le diamètre du filé est l’un des paramètres essentiels dans l’étude de la géométrie d’un tissu. À première vue, il semblerait que le filé a une section circulaire. Or, ce n’est pas le cas, sa section est presque elliptique. Cette section proche de l’ellipse requiert une mesure des diamètres majeur et mineur (D et d) ; ces mesures étant difficiles, il faut mettre au point une autre méthode pour résoudre le problème. L’étude consiste à établir un modèle mathématique pour calculer les diamètres (D et d) de la section elliptique du filé conventionnel en coton, une nouvelle méthodologie pour détérminer le périmètre de la section des filés et l’ajustage sur la forme elliptique la plus proche. Résultat, les sections des filés sont des ellipses légèrement déformées ; les équations déduites sont très simples (D = K1 √tex, d = K2 √tex) et elles ont une corrélation et une simulation importantes par rapport aux diamètres réels

Trypanosoma cruzi pathogenicity involves virulence factor expression and upregulation of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways

The molecular repertoire of Trypanosoma cruzi effects its virulence and impacts the clinical course of the resulting Chagas disease. This study aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the pathogenicity of T. cruzi. Two T. cruzi cell lines (C8C3hvir and C8C3lvir), obtained from the clone H510 C8C3 and exhibiting different virulence phenotypes, were used to evaluate the parasite’s infectivity in mice. The organ parasite load was analysed by qPCR. The proteomes of both T. cruzi cell lines were compared using nLC-MS/MS. Cruzipain (Czp), complement regulatory protein (CRP), trans-sialidase (TS), Tc-85, and sialylated epitope expression levels were evaluated by immunoblotting. High-virulence C8C3hvir was highly infectious in mice and demonstrated three to five times higher infectivity in mouse myocardial cells than low-virulence C8C3lvir. qPCR revealed higher parasite loads in organs of acute as well as chronically C8C3hvir-infected mice than in those of C8C3lvir-infected mice. Comparative quantitative proteomics revealed that 390 of 1547 identified proteins were differentially regulated in C8C3hvir with respect to C8C3lvir. Amongst these, 174 proteins were upregulated in C8C3hvir and 216 were downregulated in C8C3lvir. The upregulated proteins in C8C3hvir were associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ribosomal proteins, and redoxins. Higher levels of Czp, CRP, TS, Tc-85, and sialylated epitopes were expressed in C8C3hvir than in C8C3lvir. Thus, T. cruzi virulence may be related to virulence factor expression as well as upregulation of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways proteins.Antofagasta University FellowshipAgencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)Millennium Science Initiative Program: MillenniumInstitute on Immunology and Immunotherapy ICN09_016Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2018/18257-1 2018/15549-1 2020/04923-0 2021/00140-3Bridge Fund for Research of Excellence, University of Antofagasta SEM-17-0

Design of a prototype for the in situ forming of a liquid infused preform (ISFLIP) process

The world is changing and demanding stronger, lighter and more versatile materials. Taking advantage of the full potential of these materials also requires versatile manufacturing processes. The in situ forming of a liquid infused preform (ISFLIP) is a new manufacturing process for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) parts with shell shapes. ISFLIP is a hybrid process between vacuum infusion (VI) and diaphragm forming. This paper focuses on the mechanical design and experimental validation of a functional prototype of ISFLIP. The novelty of the design lies especially in a double diaphragm system that is fundamental to carrying out the forming just after the infusion stage. The double diaphragm system and other two major subsystems, a vacuum table and an infrared heating grid, were devised to benefit from the operational advantages of ISFLIP. The whole prototype, once constructed, was tested by forming some demonstration components. The result of one of these components, a ‘C’ cross-section FRP profile with two sharp joggles, is finally obtained, proving the feasibility of the prototypePostprint (author's final draft

Void Content Minimization in Vacuum Infusion (VI) via Effective Degassing

This paper addresses the major concern which component porosity represents in Vacuum Infusion (VI) manufacturing due to resin gelation at pressures close to absolute vacuum. Degassing is a fundamental step to minimize or even avoid resin outgassing and enhance dissolution of voids created during preform impregnation. The efficacy of different degassing procedures based on vacuum degassing, and assisted by adding a nucleation medium, High Speed (HS) resin stirring and/or later pressurization during different time intervals have been analyzed in terms of final void content is studied. Through a rigorous and careful design of the manufacturing process, outgassing effects on final void content were isolated from the rest of porosity causes and specimens with two clearly identifiable regions in terms of porosity were manufactured to facilitate its analysis. Maximum void content was kept under 4% and porous area size was reduced by 72% with respect to conventional vacuum degassing when resin was stirred at HS; therefore, highlighting the importance of enhancing bubble formation during degassing

Resultats preliminars de la quantificació de la població reproductora d'ocell de tempesta Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis de l'illot de s'Espartar

Resultats preliminars de la quantificació de la població reproductora d’ocell de tempesta Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis de l’illot de s’Espartar. S’ha iniciat la quantificació de la població d’ocell de tempesta (Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis) a l’illot de s’Espartar (parc natural de cala d’Hort). La població nidificant en aquest enclavament ja era congenuda i valorada com a important en el context de la situació de l’espècie en la Mediterrània Occidental. S’ha estimat aquesta població reproductora fent servir dues metodologies complementàries, per recompte d’exemplars en uns transsectes nocturns i per mètode de captura i recaptura amb tècniques d’anellament científic. Els recomptes donen unes xifres de 4.230 individus per al mes de juny i de 2.300 per al juliol. S’ha capturat un total de 580 individus, amb 8 recuperacions. És necessari un major nombre de mostres per a extreure’n dades concloents.Preliminary results on the quantifying of the European Stormpetrel Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis breeding population on s’Espartar islet. Apreliminary quantification of the population of the European Storm-petrel has been conducted on s’Espartar islet (Parc Natural de Cala d’Hort). The breeding population at this site is considered important regarding the situation of this species in the West Mediterranean basin. The breeding population has been estimated by means of two complementary methods, through nocturnal line transects and through catching and marking using scientific ringing. The results show 4.230 individuals in June and 2.300 in July. Atotal of 580 individuals were captured and marked, 8 of those were recaptured birds. In order to obtain definitive results more sampling is required

Selected reaction monitoring assays in mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients

Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered the most prevalent form of arthritis. The aim of this study was to verify potential protein OA biomarkers by applying Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) assays to protein extracts obtained from Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) isolated from OA patients. BM aspirates were obtained from the femoral channel of OA patients at the time of surgery and from the femoral channel of hip fracture subjects without OA during hip joint replacement surgery for the treatment of subcapital fracture. SRM results verified the differential expression of several protein biomarkers in BM-MSCs from OA patients.CNIC is supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Fundación Pro CNIC. Support was also provided by FIS PI10/00178 and RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). JRL is a recipient of Miguel Servet Program from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII).S

Modèle elliptique pour la section du filé. Partie 4: étude des propriétés sectionelles des filés RS, OE et VS de coton

Actualmente la sección del hilo no es circular ni hexagonal; tampoco lo es la sección de la fibra de algodón, la sección del hilo tiende a concentrar la estructura de forma poligonal embalada irregular, con forma de apariencia elíptica a lo largo de la longitud del hilo, debido a la tensión, a la torsión y el título del hilo. En el anterior trabajo de investigación (partes 1, 2 y 3) se han propuesto ecuaciones para calcular los diámetros mayores y menores (D, d) de los hilados RS, OE, y VS como modelo elíptico. En este trabajo un estudio de las propiedades seccionales (menor diámetro d, mayor diámetro D, excentricidad e, área del perfil Ap, área real del elipse Ar, perímetro del perfil Up, perímetro real del elipse Ur, la densidad Pd y el factor de la deformación filar Df) así como comparación entre los hilados de anillo RS, hilados del rotor OE, y hilados del vortex VS. Como resultados, la densidad de los hilados VS fue superior que la densidad de los hilados de algodón OE y menor que los hilados de algodón RS, por otro lado se encontró que los hilados de anillo RS de algodón son más compactos que los VS (6%) y OE (16%). El diámetro menor (d) de los hilados del rotor OE aumentan respecto el menor diámetro del RS y VS un 14% y un 8% respectivamente, mientras que el diámetro mayor (D) aumenta sólo un 8% y un 5% respectivamente. De la misma forma los diámetros menor (d) y mayor (D) de los hilados VS aumentan un 6% y un 3% respectivamente sobre los diámetros (d, D) del hilo RS. El factor de la deformación filar de los hilados del rotor (Df(OE)) fue mayor que el factor de deformación filar de los hilados RS (Df(RS)) y los hilados VS (Df(vs)) con título superior a 15 tex.Actually the yarn cross-section and the cotton fibre cross-section are neither in the form of a circular nor hexagonal. The yarn cross-section tends to concentrate the structure packed form of irregularly polygonal with elliptical form appearance along the length of the yarn, due to tension, twist and yarn count. In the earlier research works (parts 1, 2 and 3) we approached equations to calculate the mayor and minor yarn diameters (D, d) of the RS, OE, and VS spun yarns as elliptical model. In this research work a study of the sectional properties (minor diameter d, mayor diameter D, eccentricity e, profile cross-section area Ap, real elliptical area Ar, profile circumference Up, real elliptical circumference Ur, the packing density Pd and spun deformation factor Df) as a compression between the Ring Spun yarns RS, Open End yarns and Vortex Spun yarns VS. As results the packing density of the VS spun yarns was higher than the OE cotton yarns and less than the RS cotton yarns, by other mean found that the RS cotton yarns more compacted than the VS (6%) and OE cotton yarns (16%). The minor OE yarn diameters (d) increase 14% and 8% than the RS and VS minor diameter respectively while the mayor diameter (D) increase 8% and 5% only respectively, in the same time the minor (d) and mayor (D) VS yarn diameters increases 6% and 3% only respectively than the RS diameters (d, D). The deformation factor of the open end yarns (Df(OE)) was more than the deformation factor of the ring spun yarns (Df(RS)) and vortex spun yarns (Df(vs)) of the yarns up to 15 tex.Actuellement la section du fil n’est pas circulaire ni hexagonal, la section de la fibre de coton non plus, la section du fil tend à concentrer la structure polygonale conditionnée irrégulière avec la forme d’apparence elliptique sur la longueur du fil, dû à la tension, à la torsion et au titre du fils. Dans le travail précédent de recherche (parties 1, 2 et 3), des équations ont été proposées à fin de calculer les plus grands et petits diamètres (D, d) des filés RS, OE et VS en tant que modèle elliptique. Dans ce travail, une étude des propriétés sectionnelles (le plus petit diamètre d, le plus grand diamètre D, excentricité e, surface de profil Ap, surface totale de l’ellipse Ar, périmètre du profil Up, périmètre réal de l’ellipse Ur,, densité Pd et facteur de déformation filaire Df) a été menée a fin de comparer les filés à anneaux RS, les filés rotor OE et les filés vortex VS. Les résultats ont montré que la densité des filés VS a été supérieure à celle des filés de coton OE et inférieure à celle des filés de coton RS. D’autre part, les filés à anneaux RS de coton étaient plus comprimés que les filés VS (6%) et OE (16%). Le plus petit diamètre (d) des filés rotor OE a augmenté le plus petit diamètre des filés RS et VS de 14% et de 8%, tandis que leur plus grand diamètre (D) n’a augmenté que de 8% et de 5%. Au même temps, le plus petit diamètre (d) et le plus grand diamètre (D) des filés VS augmentent seulement de 6% et de 3% par rapport aux diamètres (d, D) du filé RS. Le facteur de déformation filaire des filés rotor (Df(OE)) a été plus grand que celui des filés à anneaux (Df(RS)) et des filés vortex (Df(vs)), avec un titre supérieur à 15 tex.Peer Reviewe

CNstream: A method for the identification and genotyping of copy number polymorphisms using Illumina microarrays

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the genetic basis of disease risk in depth requires an exhaustive knowledge of the types of genetic variation. Very recently, Copy Number Variants (CNVs) have received much attention because of their potential implication in common disease susceptibility. Copy Number Polymorphisms (CNPs) are of interest as they segregate at an appreciable frequency in the general population (i.e. > 1%) and are potentially implicated in the genetic basis of common diseases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This paper concerns CNstream, a method for whole-genome CNV discovery and genotyping, using Illumina Beadchip arrays. Compared with other methods, a high level of accuracy was achieved by analyzing the measures of each intensity channel separately and combining information from multiple samples. The CNstream method uses heuristics and parametrical statistics to assign a confidence score to each sample at each probe; the sensitivity of the analysis is increased by jointly calling the copy number state over a set of nearby and consecutive probes. The present method has been tested on a real dataset of 575 samples genotyped using Illumina HumanHap 300 Beadchip, and demonstrates a high correlation with the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV). The same set of samples was analyzed with PennCNV, one of the most frequently used copy number inference methods for Illumina platforms. CNstream was able to identify CNP loci that are not detected by PennCNV and it increased the sensitivity over multiple other loci in the genome.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>CNstream is a useful method for the identification and characterization of CNPs using Illumina genotyping microarrays. Compared to the PennCNV method, it has greater sensitivity over multiple CNP loci and allows more powerful statistical analysis in these regions. Therefore, CNstream is a robust CNP analysis tool of use to researchers performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Illumina platforms and aiming to identify CNVs associated with the variables of interest. CNstream has been implemented as an R statistical software package that can work directly from raw intensity files generated from Illumina GWAS projects. The method is available at <url>http://www.urr.cat/cnv/cnstream.html</url>.</p

Modelización del comportamiento de una tobera para hilatura neumática mediante anemometría laser, comportamiento de las fibras en su interior

Con el fin de tener un conocimiento más amplio y más profundo del funcionamiento interno de las toberas utilizadas para hilatura neumática, se ha realizado el estudio presente, el cual consta de dos partes; el análisis experimental del flujo de aire en el interior de las toberas, y un análisis experimental del comportamiento de las fibras en el proceso de hilatura.In order to get a deeper and wider knowledge of the flow behaviour and fibres movement at the inside of a spin nozzle, the following research was carried on. On the first part, the air velocities were studied using an argon laser anemometer, while at the second part, the way travelled by the textile fibres was taken into consideration.A fin d’observer plus amplement le comportement des fibres textiles, leur movement à l’interieur d’un tuyau de filature pneumatique, a eté realisé l’expérience suivante. D’une part la mesure de la vitese à l’aide d’un anemomètre laser de argon, et d’autre l’analyse experimentale du comportement des fibres dans le porces de filature

473 DIFFERENTIAL PROTEOME OF ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES FROM PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS

Cartilage damage is a major problem in osteoarthritis (OA). To gain insight into the pathogenesis of OA, we have analyzed the differential proteome of articular chondrocytes from these patients. Protein extracts were prepared from cultured chondrocytes from 6 patients with end-stage OA and 6 normal donors and were analyzed by 2D-DIGE. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Significant differential expression was observed for 27 proteins, with 14 underexpressed and 13 overexpressed chondrocyte OA proteins. Of special interest was the identification of destrin, cofilins, gelsolin, annexin A2, glycolytic enzymes, chaperones, cathepsin D, proteasome beta 9 subunit isoform 2 proprotein and proteasome activator hPA28 subunit beta. The altered expression of these proteins is consistent with events such as cytoskeleton binding, protein disruption, apoptosis, and glycolysis, demonstrating the ability of the 2D-DIGE/MS platform to identify proteins with altered expression in chondrocytes from patients with end-stage OA. The identification of these proteins may open new lines of research for this disease.S