Using a multi variate pattern analysis (MVPA) approach to decode FMRI responses to fear and anxiety.

This study analyzed fMRI responses to fear and anxiety using a Multi Variate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) approach. Compared to conventional univariate methods which only represent regions of activation, MVPA provides us with more detailed patterns of voxels. We successfully found different patterns for fear and anxiety through separate classification attempts in each subject’s representational space. Further, we transformed all the individual models into a standard space to do group analysis. Results showed that subjects share a more common fear response. Also, the amygdala and hippocampus areas are more important for differentiating fear than anxiety

When shapes are more than shapes: perceptual, developmental, and neurophysiological basis for attributions of animacy and theory of mind

Among a variety of entities in their environment, what do humans consider alive or animate and how does this attribution of animacy promote development of more abstract levels of mentalizing? By decontextualizing the environment of bodily features, we review how physical movements give rise to perceived animacy in Heider-Simmel style animations. We discuss the developmental course of how perceived animacy shapes our interpretation of the social world, and specifically discuss when and how children transition from perceiving actions as goal-directed to attributing behaviors to unobservable mental states. This transition from a teleological stance, asserting a goal-oriented interpretation to an agent's actions, to a mentalistic stance allows older children to reason about more complex actions guided by hidden beliefs. The acquisition of these more complex cognitive behaviors happens developmentally at the same time neural systems for social cognition are coming online in young children. We review perceptual, developmental, and neural evidence to identify the joint cognitive and neural changes associated with when children begin to mentalize and how this ability is instantiated in the brain

The past, present, and future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS

Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of tretinoin gel 0.05% with adapalene gel 0.1% in treating mild to moderate acne vulgaris

Background: Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory skin disease. Topical retinoids with significant anti-inflammatory properties are used for treatment of acne. The common side effect of topical retinoids is local irritation. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of tretinoin 0.05% and adapalene 0.1% in patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients referred to the dermatology clinic of Farshchian hospital in Hamadan city with mild to moderate facial acne. The patients were divided into two groups; the first group received tretinoin gel 0.05% and the second group adapalene gel 0.1%. The severity of acne was measured by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) and tolerability was evaluated at the beginning of the trial, and 4 and 12 weeks thereafter in both groups. Results: The mean GAGS score at the beginning of the study was 49.56 (SD=12.24) in the adapalene group and 47.76 (SD=11.34) in the tretinoin group (P=0.592). This score dropped to 35.00 (SD=11.13) in the adapalene and 25.28 (SD=8.17) in the tretinoin group in week 4 (P= 0.001). A further GAGS score decline was observed in week 12 (25.08±9.00 in the adapalene and 12.12±4.71 in the tretinoin group (P<0.001)). Regarding tolerability, there was no significant difference between the two groups at the end of weeks 4 and 12 (P=1.00 and P=0.747, respectively). Conclusions: Adapalene 0.1% and tretinoin 0.05% are both effective and safe in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, although the tretinoin gel shows more efficacy in reducing the GAGS score.¬ Both treatments are equally tolerated

The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

International audienceThe Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS

The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS

The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS