“Öteki” ile karşılaşmak: psikolojik danışman eğitiminde LGBTİ meselesi ve ayrımcılık karşıtı ders

Bu araştırmada, psikolojik danışman adaylarına, lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans ve interseksler (LGBTİler) hakkında bilimsel ve tarafsız bilgi edinmeleri, duyarlı ve ayrımcı olmayan bir bakış açısı geliştirmeleri amacıyla KAOS GL tarafından düzenlenen Ayrımcılık Karşıtı Ders (AKD) verilmiş ve ardından psikolojik danışman adaylarının bu derse ilişkin tepkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya, bir devlet üniversitesinin Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık lisans programına devam etmekte olan ve zorunlu Özel Eğitimde Aile ile Rehberlik dersini alan 47 (39 kadın, 8 erkek) ikinci sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri psikolojik danışman adaylarının AKD’ye ilişkin yazdıkları yansıtma yazılarından elde edilmiş ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, fırsat, bilgi, farkındalık, empati, hak savunuculuğu, mesleki tepki, tutum ve sunum olmak üzere sekiz tema altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular alanyazın ışığında, Türkiye’de psikolojik danışman eğitiminin çok kültürlülük ve hak savunuculuğu bağlamında güncelliği ve geçerliği sorgulanarak tartışılmış, kültüre duyarlı ve hak savunucusu psikolojik danışman yeterliliklerinin kazandırılması için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.TR - Dizi

Meeting the “Other”: LGBTI Issues in Psychological Counseling Education and Classes against Discrimination

Bu araştırmada, psikolojik danışman adaylarına, lezbiyen, gey, biseksüel, trans ve interseksler (LGBTİler) hakkında bilimsel ve tarafsız bilgi edinmeleri, duyarlı ve ayrımcı olmayan bir bakış açısı geliştirmeleri amacıyla KAOS GL tarafından düzenlenen Ayrımcılık Karşıtı Ders (AKD) verilmiş ve ardından psikolojik danışman adaylarının bu derse ilişkin tepkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya, bir devlet üniversitesinin Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık lisans programına devam etmekte olan ve zorunlu Özel Eğitimde Aile ile Rehberlik dersini alan 47 (39 kadın, 8 erkek) ikinci sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri psikolojik danışman adaylarının AKD’ye ilişkin yazdıkları yansıtma yazılarından elde edilmiş ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, fırsat, bilgi, farkındalık, empati, hak savunuculuğu, mesleki tepki, tutum ve sunum olmak üzere sekiz tema altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular alanyazın ışığında, Türkiye’de psikolojik danışman eğitiminin çok kültürlülük ve hak savunuculuğu bağlamında güncelliği ve geçerliği sorgulanarak tartışılmış, kültüre duyarlı ve hak savunucusu psikolojik danışman yeterliliklerinin kazandırılması için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.In this study, prospective counselors were provided a class named as “Classesagainst Discrimination (CAD)”, arranged by KAOS GL, which aims to give scientific andobjective information about lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex (LGBTI) people and makethem develop a sensitive and non-discriminatory point of view. Then, prospectivecounselors’ reflections regarding to this class were examined. Forty-seven (39 women, 8men) Guidance and Psychological Counseling 2nd year students who registered to therequired course of Guidance with Families in Special Education participated into the study.The data of the study was obtained by the students’ reflection papers and analyses by thecontent analysis. Results of the study indicated eight themes: chance, information,awareness, empathy, advocacy, professional reaction, attitude, and presentation. In the lightof the literature, results were discussed within the context of multiculturalism and advocacyin counseling education in Turkey, and suggestions were made to provide culture sensitiveand advocacy competencies for counselors

Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives

Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia

Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) Across 37 Languages

Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg’s 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale—the TLS-15—comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test–retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components—either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure

Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data from 93 Countries

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending \u3e10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives

Exploring Attitudes Toward “Sugar Relationships” Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia