Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Asymptomatic Colonization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Among Community College Students

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has been an important human ailment for centuries, and with the overuse of antibiotics, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a deadly, costly pathogen worldwide. Healthy carriers can become sick or can spread MRSA without symptoms. The amount of asymptomatic colonization among healthy college students and risk factors for colonization by MRSA are not well understood. According to the epidemiologic triangle model, the host (students who take antibiotics or have a history of skin infections), the infectious agent (MRSA) and the environment (direct contact with people, animals, or objects that may harbor MRSA) all play an important role in this disease. This study explored MRSA colonization rates among healthy students at a community college and explored the possibility that students exposed to sources of MRSA might have a higher colonization rate. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design with stratified sampling, risk factors to include student\u27s discipline, gender, race, work, and leisure exposure were surveyed. In tandem, Mannitol Salt Agar and MRSA Select Agar were inoculated from nasal swabs to identify students colonized by MRSA. The data were analyzed using contingency tables and Chi Squares. Significant risk factors identified included students who had a major that involved touching shared equipment and/or those who were in majors such as nursing, students who had close contact with animals, and students who had a skin infection. The implication for positive social change include improved awareness of MRSA colonization and risk factors which can lead to better prevention strategies and increased awareness among the student population

The Effect of an Infant Formula Supplemented with AA and DHA on Fatty Acid Levels of Infants with Different FADS Genotypes: The COGNIS Study

Polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes influence the arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid concentrations (crucial in early life). Infants with specific genotypes may require different amounts of these fatty acids (FAs) to maintain an adequate status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an infant formula supplemented with AA and DHA on FAs of infants with different FADS genotypes. In total, 176 infants from the COGNIS study were randomly allocated to the Standard Formula (SF; n = 61) or the Experimental Formula (EF; n = 70) group, the latter supplemented with AA and DHA. Breastfed infants were added as a reference group (BF; n = 45). FAs and FADS polymorphisms were analyzed from cheek cells collected at 3 months of age. FADS minor allele carriership in formula fed infants, especially those supplemented, was associated with a declined desaturase activity and lower AA and DHA levels. Breastfed infants were not affected, possibly to the high content of AA and DHA in breast milk. The supplementation increased AA and DHA levels, but mostly in major allele carriers. In conclusion, infant FADS genotype could contribute to narrow the gap of AA and DHA concentrations between breastfed and formula fed infants.This research was funded by ORDESA Laboratories, S.L., Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, NEOBEFOOD Project (2010–2013) and SMARTFOODS Project (2014–2018)—CIEN Strategy (Ministry of Innovation and Science-CDTI) through 2 different contracts established between Ordesa Laboratories and the University of Granada General Foundation (ref. nº3349 and nº4003, respectively) and between Ordesa Laboratories and the Bosch Gimpera Foundation/University of Barcelona (ref. n 306811 and 308516). The project was partially funded by EU Project DynaHEALTH (HORIZON 2020-GA No.633595)

Frequence Et Facteurs Associes Aux Accouchements Prematures Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Et Departemental Du Borgou Alibori Au Benin

Introduction: The premature birth constitutes a major cause of the neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity and it occurs between 28 weeks of amenorrhoea and 36 weeks plus six days. Objectives: It is to determine the frequency and the factors associated to the premature at the maternity at the Departmental and Teaching Hospital of Borgou. Tool and methodological approaches: It is about an analytical and descriptive retrospective study carried out at the Hospital Teaching Centre of Borgou. The study has been conducted from the 1st January to 30th June 2016. Results: From the 665 retained deliveries, 119 were premature births, be a frequency of 17.89%. The bracket age of 20-34 years was the most represented with 69, 75%. The pauci gests and the primipara were respectively in 36.13% and 40.34% of the cases. The factors of risk such as premature rupture of membranes (PRM; p=0.00001), the haemorrhagic prævia placenta (p=0.0001), the multiple pregnancies (p=0.000003) were associated with prematurity. Conclusion: The prematurity constitutes a problem of public health in parakou and is responsible for the heavy consequences on the still-born. Hence, the interest of a better agreement to pay the medical expenses of the factors of risk permitting the reduction of its repercussion

Salbutamol Versus Nifedipine Dans Le Traitement De La Menace D’accouchement Premature A La Maternite Du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Et Departemental Du Borgou

Introduction: The threat of the premature birth (TPB) raises a problem of public health in Benin in general and in Parakou in particular. Objective: The aim of this research paper is to compare the efficiency of salbutamol and nifedipine in the treatment of the threat of premature birth at the maternity hospital of CHUD-Borgou. Framework and methodological approach: It is about a comparative prospective study with analytical view, within a period of six (06) months, going from 1, March 2016 to 1, September 2016. The target population is composed of all the pregnant women admitted to the maternity hospital of CHUD-B during the period of the study. Results: The 60 pregnant women have been divided into two groups of 30 pregnant women. The average age of the pregnant women is 26.50 years with the extremes of 16 years and 38 years. The women who have between two and three pregnancies are the most represented with 56.67% of the cases; just as much as the women who have between two and three deliveries with 36.67%. From the total number, 21. 67% had antecedents of spontaneous miscarriages and 6, 67% antecedents of premature birth delivery. With 90% of the cases, the gestational age is between 28 weeks of amenorrhoea and 33weeks of amenorrhoea plus six (06) days. The pregnancy is twin in 16.67% of the cases. At the admission, 90% of the cases after assessment of the Coefficient of Risk of Premature birth Delivery. (CRPD), had a potential risk of prematurity and 85% had a score of Baumgarten between 3 and 6. The most discovered aetiology is malaria with 46.67% of the pregnant women. The side effect of usage of nifedipine, in order to relieve the uterus, has been noticed with 16.67% pregnant women who have received nifedipine treatment against 30% pregnant women who have received the treatment of Salbutamol. There is no difference statistically significant. For the nifedipine, there is 90% of success against 10% of failure. For salbutamol, there is respectively 56.67% and 43.33%. We have no case of intolerance. Conclusion: The study shows neat efficiency of nifedipine in relation to salbutamol during the treatment of the threats of premature birth delivery

Elevated reticulocyte count – a clue to the diagnosis of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with gemcitabine therapy for metastatic duodenal papillary carcinoma: a case report

In adults, the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) is associated with probable causative factors in the minority of all cases. Cytotoxic drugs are one of these potential causative agents. Although metastatic cancer by itself is a recognized risk-factor for the development of HUS, therapy with mitomycin-C, with cis-platinum, and with bleomycin carries a significant, albeit extremely small, risk for the development of HUS, compared with all other cytotoxic drugs. Gemcitabine is a novel cytotoxic drug with promising activity against pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We are reporting on one patient with metastatic duodenal papillary carcinoma developing HUS while on weekly gemcitabine therapy. The presenting features in this patient were non-cardiac pulmonary oedema, renal failure, thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia. The diagnosis of HUS was made on the day of admission of the patient to this institution. Upon aggressive therapy, including one single haemodialysis and five plasmaphereses, the patient recovered uneventfully, with modestly elevated creatinine-values as a remnant of the acute illness. Re-exposure to gemcitabine 6 months after the episode of HUS instituted for progressive carcinoma, thus far has not caused another episode of HUS. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Eficiência simbiótica de rizóbios em Adesmia tristis.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência simbiótica de rizóbios em Adesmia tristis. Os rizóbios foram coletados a partir de nódulos dessa espécie provenientes de municípios da serra catarinense. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa seca da parte aérea, nodulação e eficiência. O experimento foi conduzido em câmara de crescimento em delineamento completamente casualizado com quatro repetições

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in daily clinical practice: a community hospital-based study

Background Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are major adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy. This study investigated: (1) the impact of CINV on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL) in daily clinical practice; (2) the association between patient characteristics and type of antiemetics and CINV; and (3) the role of CINV in physicians' decisions to modify antiemetic treatment. Patients and methods This prospective, multicenter study was conducted in nine general hospitals in the Netherlands. During three consecutive chemotherapy cycles, patients used a diary to record episodes of nausea, vomiting and antiemetic use. For each cycle, these ratings were made 1 day prior to and 7 days after having received chemotherapy. The influence of CINV on patients' HRQL was evaluated with the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire at day 6 of each treatment cycle. (Changes in) antiemetic use were recorded by the treating nurse. Patient inclusion took place between May 2005 and May 2007. Results Two hundred seventy-seven patients were enrolled in the study. Acute and delayed nausea during the first treatment cycle was reported by 39% and 68% of the patients, respectively. The comparable figures for acute and delayed vomiting were 12% and 23%. During the first and subsequent treatment cycle, approximately one-third of the patients indicated that CINV had a substantial impact on their daily lives. Female patients and younger patients reported significantly more CINV than male and older patients. At all treatment cycles, patients receiving treatment with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, containing anthracycline, reported more acute nausea than patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Acute vomiting was associated significantly with change in (i.e., additional) antiemetic treatment. Delayed CINV did not influence antiemetic treatment. Conclusion CINV continues to be a problem that adversely affects the daily lives of patients. CINV is worse in women and in younger patients. In daily clinical practice, acute CINV, but not delayed CINV, results in changes in antiemetic treatment. In view of the effects of not only acute, but also delayed CINV on daily life, more attention should be paid to adjustment of antiemetic treatment to cover CINV complaints, later during the chemotherapy cycle