White Hole existence on the inverse universe

The existence of White Hole (WH) has been suggested by Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equation as a time-reversed Black Hole (BH), besides there has not been observational evidence for their existence yet. Our idea of the “inverse universe”, in which we introduce the time-reversed kinematics as another geometric state, can explain that WH should appear in such a geometry after a matter falls into a BH. In this work, we present a new operation for WH conversion from BH, and by using it the nearly infinity point on the universe, for instance the inside of BH, is geometrically connected to the inside of WH on the inverse universe. Such a conversion is useful to provide the simple solution to the problem of “information loss” in BH. Furthermore, we find another conversion point as the prior geometric state to the Big Bang, and we propose a new cosmology of cyclic universe

Design and Implementation of Location-dependent Groupware Application Using Anycast

This paper describes design and implementation details of a groupware application that provides group communication service based on users\u27 purpose and location. This groupware application works with location-dependent services using anycast. In this implementation, we especially focus on mechanisms for anonymity of users, because it is very dangerous if this groupware application reveals private information like users\u27 location

エニキャストを用いた位置依存グループウェアの設計と実装

This paper describes design and implementation details of a groupware application that provides group communication service based on users' purpose and location. This groupware application works with location-dependent services using anycast. In this implementation, we especially focus on mechanisms for anonymity of users, because it is very dangerous if this groupware application reveals private information like users' location

Direct comparison of 3 PCR methods in detecting EGFR mutations in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are predictive of response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC. Several methods have been used to detect EGFR mutations; however, it is not clear which is the most suitable for use in the clinic. In this study, we directly compare the clinical sensitivity and specificity of 3 PCR methods. We compared the 3 PCR methods (mutant-enriched PCR, PNA-LNA PCR, and PCR clamp) in patients with advanced NSCLC. A patient who showed sensitive mutations by at least 1 PCR method was treated with gefitinib. A patient who showed no sensitive mutations was treated with chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents. Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC previously untreated with EGFR-TKIs were enrolled in this trial. Seventeen patients were harboring EGFR mutations, 5 of whom showed discrepancies between the results of different PCR methods. All 5 patients responded to gefitinib. All patients harboring EGFR mutations received gefitinib treatment and 21 of 33 EGFR-mutation-negative patients received chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents. Median progression-free survival of the gefitinib group and the chemotherapy group were 8.2 and 5.9 months, respectively. We considered that all the discrepancies might be false negatives because the patients responded to gefitinib. To clarify the reason for the false negatives of each PCR method, and establish the clinical sensitivity and specificity of each PCR method, a large prospective clinical trial is warranted

Analysis of Intratumor Heterogeneity of EGFR Mutations in Mixed Type Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations are predictive of the success of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. As with other solid tumors, lung cancer is thought to be the result of an accumulation of genetic alterations after exposure to carcinogens. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between multistep carcinogenesis and the accumulation of EGFR mutations. Patients and Methods: The intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR mutations was analyzed in 38 patients with resected mixed-type lung adenocarcinoma according to histological patterns, and the clinical features of the patients harboring intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR mutations were evaluated. Results: Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR mutations was detected in 9 of 38 tumors. EGFR mutations were more common in the bronchioloalveolar (lepidic) carcinoma pattern than in the papillary and acinar patterns, although this difference was not significant. However, there was a significant correlation between intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR mutations and smoking history (P <.043). Conclusion: Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR mutations correlates with the distribution of histological subtype in mixed type adenocarcinoma and is associated with smoking history