二分亀頭を伴った陰茎海綿体異物の1例

We had an opportunity to treat a rare case of foreign body in the corpus cavernosum in a patient with cleft glans penis. The foreign body was a 13 cm wire, which was inserted by the patient himself for masturbation, and was removed surgically. To our knowledge, such a case has never been reported in the literature

Whole-genome analysis of recombinant inbred rice lines reveals a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3 with genotype-by-environment interaction effects

Elucidating genotype-by-environment interactions is fundamental for understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental factors that shape complex traits in crops. Genotype-by-environment interactions are of practical importance, as they determine the performance of cultivars grown in different environments, prompting the need for an efficient approach for evaluating genotype-by-environment interactions. Here, we describe a method for genotype-by-environment detection that involves comparing linear mixed models. This method successfully detected genotype-by-environment interactions in rice (Oryza sativa) recombinant inbred lines grown at 3 locations. We identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 3 that was associated with heading date, grain number, and leaf length. The effect of this QTL on plant growth–related traits varied with environmental conditions, indicating the presence of genotype-by-environment interactions. Therefore, our method enables a powerful genotype-by-environment detection pipeline that should facilitate the production of high-yielding crops in a given environment

Cancer Immunol Immunother

Purpose Through genome-wide expression profile analysis, hypoxia-inducible protein 2 (HIG2) has previously been identified as an oncoprotein involved in development/progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We subsequently identified a highly immunogenic HLA-A*0201/0206-restricted epitope peptide (HIG2-9-4) corresponding to a part of HIG2 and applied it as a therapeutic vaccine. We conducted a phase I clinical trial using the HIG2-9-4 peptide for patients with advanced RCC. Materials and Methods Nine patients having HLA-A*0201 or HLA-A*0206 with metastatic or unresectable RCC after failure of the cytokine and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies were enrolled in this study. The patients received subcutaneous administration of the peptide as an emulsion form with Montanide ISA-51 VG once a week in a dose-escalation manner (doses of 0.5, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/body, 3 patients for each dose). The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoints were immunological and clinical responses. Results Vaccinations with HIG2-9-4 peptide could be well tolerated without any serious systemic adverse events. Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were detected in eight of the nine patients. Doses of 1.0 or 3.0 mg/body seemed to induce a CTL response better than did a dose of 0.5 mg/body, although the number of patients was too small to draw a firm conclusion. The disease control rate (stable disease for ≥4 months) was 77.8 %, and the median progression-free survival time was 10.3 months. Conclusions HIG2-9-4 peptide vaccine treatment was tolerable and effectively induced peptide-specific CTLs in RCC patients. This novel peptide vaccine therapy for RCC is promising

PREDICTION SYSTEMS FOR BLADDER CANCER THERAPY

The present study established systems to predict the chemo‑sensitivity of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin plus cisplatin (M‑VAC) and carboplatin plus gemcitabine (CaG) by analyzing microarray data. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether the clinical response would increase by combining these prediction systems. Treatment of each MIBC case was allocated into M‑VAC NAC, CaG NAC, surgery, or radiation therapy groups by their prediction score (PS), which was calculated using the designed chemo‑sensitivity prediction system. The therapeutic effect of the present study was compared with the results of historical controls (n=76 patients) whose treatments were not allocated using the chemo‑sensitivity prediction system. In addition, the overall survival between the predicted to be responder (positive PS) group and predicted to be non‑responder (negative PS) group was investigated in the present study. Of the 33 patients with MIBC, 25 cases were positive PS and 8 were negative PS. Among the 25 positive PS cases, 7 were allocated to receive M‑VAC NAC and 18 were allocated to receive CaG NAC according to the results of the prediction systems. Of the 8 negative PS cases, 3 received CaG NAC, 1 received surgery without NAC and 4 received radiation therapy. The total clinical response to NAC was 88.0% (22/25), which was significantly increased compared with the historical controls [56.6% (43/76) P=0.0041]. Overall survival of the positive PS group in the study was significantly increased compared with the negative PS group (P=0.027). In conclusion, the combination of the two prediction systems may increase the treatment efficacy for patients with MIBC by proposing the optimal NAC regimen. In addition, the positive PS group would have a better prognosis compared with the negative PS group. These results suggest that the two prediction systems may lead to the achievement of ‘precision medicine’

Phase II clinical trial of sorafenib plus interferon-alpha treatment for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Japan

Comparison of the current study with other sorafenib-interferon combination studies and with single-agent sorafenib studies [25]. (XLSX 12 kb

Impact of Anatomical Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Microportal Invasion (vp1): A Multi-institutional Study by the Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of anatomical resectionfor HCC with micro-portal vascular invasion (vp1) between 2000 and 2010. Summaryof Background: Vascular invasion has been reported as a prognostic factor of liverresection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Anatomical resection for HCC has resulted in optimum outcomes of eradicating intrahepatic micrometastases through the portal vein, but opposite results have also been reported. Methods: A clinical chart review was performed for 546 HCC patients with vp1. We retrospectively evaluated the recurrence-free survival (RFS) between anatomical (AR)and non-anatomical resection (NAR). The site of recurrence was also compared between these groups. The influence of AR on the overall survival (OS) and RFS rates was analyzed in patients selected by propensity score matching, and the prognostic factors were identified.Results: A total of 546 patients were enrolled, including 422 in the AR group and 124 in the NAR group. There was no difference in the 5-year OS and RFS rates between the two groups. Local recurrence was significantly more frequent in the NAR group than in the AR group. In a multivariate analysis, hepatitis C (HCV), PIVKAII ?380 mAU/ml, tumor diameter ?5 cm and ?70 years of age were significant predictors of a poor RFS after liverresection. There were no significant differences in the OS or RFS between the AR and NAR groups by a propensity score-matched analysis. Conclusion: Although local recurrence around the resection site was suppressed by AR, AR for HCC with vp1 did not influence the RFS or OS rates after hepatectomy in the modern era

Narrow safety range of intraoperative rectal irradiation exposure volume for avoiding bleeding after seed implant brachytherapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background & Purpose</p> <p>Rectal toxicity is less common after ¹²⁵I seed implant brachytherapy for prostate cancer, and intraoperative rectal dose-volume constraints (the constraint) is still undetermined in pioneering studies. As our constraint failed to prevent grade 2 or 3 rectal bleeding (bled-pts) in 5.1% of patients, we retrospectively explored another constraint for the prevention of rectal bleeding.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>The study population consisted of 197 patients treated with the brachytherapy as monotherapy using real-time intraoperative transrectal ultrasound (US)-guided treatment at a prescribed dose of 145 Gy. Post-implant dosimetry was performed on Day 1 and Day 30 after implantation using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Rectal bleeding toxicity was classified by CTC-AE ver. 3.0 during a mean 29-month (range, 12-48 months) period after implantation. The differences in rV100s were compared among intraoperative, Day 1 and Day 30 dosimetry, and between that of patients with grade 2 or 3 rectal bleeding (the bled-pts) and of the others (the spared-pts). All patients were divided into groups based on provisional rV100s that were increased stepwise in 0.1-cc increments from 0 to 1.0 cc. The difference in the ratios of the bled-pts to the spared-pts was tested by chi-square tests, and their odds ratios were calculated (bled-OR). All statistical analyses were performed by <it>t</it>-tests.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean values of rV100us, rV100CT_1, and rV100CT_30 were 0.31 ± 0.43, 0.22 ± 0.36, and 0.59 ± 0.68 cc, respectively. These values temporarily decreased (p = 0.020) on Day 1 and increased (p = 0.000) on Day 30. There was no significant difference in rV100s between the bled-pts and spared-pts at any time of dosimetry. The maximum bled-OR was identified among patients with an rV100us value above 0.1 cc (p = 0.025; OR = 7.8; 95% CI, 1.4-145.8); an rV100CT_1 value above 0.3 cc (p = 0.014; OR = 16.2; 95% CI, 3.9-110.7), and an rV100CT_30 value above 0.5 cc (p = 0.019; OR = 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-42.3).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By retrospective analysis exploring rV100 as intraoperative rectal dose-volume thresholds in ¹²⁵I seed implant brachytherapy for prostate cancer, it is proved that rV100 should be less than 0.1 cc for preventing rectal bleeding.</p

Guidance for peptide vaccines for the treatment of cancer

Recent progress in fundamental understanding of tumor immunology has opened a new avenue of cancer vaccines. Currently, the development of new cancer vaccines is a global topic and has attracted attention as one of the most important issues in Japan. There is an urgent need for the development of guidance for cancer vaccine clinical studies in order to lead to drug development. Peptide vaccines characteristically have the effect of indirectly acting against cancer through the immune system - a mechanism of action that clearly differs from anticancer drugs that exert a direct effect. Thus, the clinical development of cancer peptide vaccines should be planned and implemented based on the mechanism of action, which differs significantly from conventional anticancer drug research. The Japanese Society for Biological Therapy has created and published Guidance for peptide vaccines for the treatment of cancer as part of its mission and responsibilities towards cancer peptide vaccine development, which is now pursued globally. We welcome comments from regulators and business people as well as researchers in this area. Guidance for Peptide Cancer Vaccines

Genomic expression and single-nucleotide polymorphism profiling discriminates chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) and renal oncocytoma are two distinct but closely related entities with strong morphologic and genetic similarities. While chRCC is a malignant tumor, oncocytoma is usually regarded as a benign entity. The overlapping characteristics are best explained by a common cellular origin, and the biologic differences between chRCC and oncocytoma are therefore of considerable interest in terms of carcinogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management. Previous studies have been relatively limited in terms of examining the differences between oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix HGU133Plus2 platform was applied on chRCC (n = 15) and oncocytoma specimens (n = 15). Supervised analysis was applied to identify a discriminatory gene signature, as well as differentially expressed genes. High throughput single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed on independent samples (n = 14) using Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 100 K arrays to assess correlation between expression and gene copy number. Immunohistochemical validation was performed in an independent set of tumors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A novel 14 probe-set signature was developed to classify the tumors internally with 93% accuracy, and this was successfully validated on an external data-set with 94% accuracy. Pathway analysis highlighted clinically relevant dysregulated pathways of c-erbB2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in chRCC, but no significant differences in p-AKT or extracellular HER2 expression was identified on immunohistochemistry. Loss of chromosome 1p, reflected in both cytogenetic and expression analysis, is common to both entities, implying this may be an early event in histogenesis. Multiple regional areas of cytogenetic alterations and corresponding expression biases differentiating the two entities were identified. Parafibromin, aquaporin 6, and synaptogyrin 3 were novel immunohistochemical markers effectively discriminating the two pathologic entities.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Gene expression profiles, high-throughput SNP genotyping, and pathway analysis effectively distinguish chRCC from oncocytoma. We have generated a novel transcript predictor that is able to discriminate between the two entities accurately, and which has been validated both in an internal and an independent data-set, implying generalizability. A cytogenetic alteration, loss of chromosome 1p, common to renal oncocytoma and chRCC has been identified, providing the opportunities for identifying novel tumor suppressor genes and we have identified a series of immunohistochemical markers that are clinically useful in discriminating chRCC and oncocytoma.</p