Diplomatic Relations Between The United States and Argentina: Recognition of The Republic of Buenos Aires

The purpose of this thesis is to make a study of the relations between the United States and Argentina, leading to the recognition of Argentina. The period covered will essentially be from August 27, 1810, the date of the first United States mission to Argentina, to January 27, 1823, the date of formal recognition of Argentina by the United States . The name Argentina will be absent from this study since it is the modern day name for a similar territory known during this period as first, the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, and as the Republic of Buenos Aires when recognition was accorded. Major emphasis in this study has been placed upon the agents of this pre-recognition period and the neutrality and recognition policy as established by the United States. Chapter II has been devoted to agents of the United States sent to the United Provinces. Chapter III has been devoted to the agents sent by la Plata to the United States. The neutrality policy of the United States, as it affected Spanish America, is the subject for Chapter IV, and the recognition policy of the United States is discussed in Chapter V. Texts of the more important document s used in this thesis have been placed in the Appendix . A list of these has been included in the table of contents, and the reader is referred to them by footnotes

Annulment Under the Washington Divorce Act of 1949

In the law of domestic relations, an anulment is to be distinguished from a divorce, in that a divorce is the termination, dissolution or suspension of a previously existing valid marriage; usually for some cause arising after the marriage, whereas an annulment is a court decree proclaiming that an obstensibly legal marital relationship is stripped of its color of legality, and declared void ab initio, for some reason existing at the time of the marriag

Understanding success and failure in innovative Australian resource processing projects

This thesis in concerned with the understanding of success and failure of innovation in resource processing, a sector that is central to the Australian economy. Decline in ore grade, complexity of available ore resources, increases in labour and capital cost, and increased market demand have driven innovation and larger resource processing projects. The outcomes from innovation investment have been disappointing, and not well understood. This thesis aims to understand why so many large resource processing projects fail, and what factors have been critical in other projects that succeed. It proposes a new model for innovation investment, based on public domain data and an outsider view. Five criteria are used in this thesis to classify success and failure of large resource processing projects; that (1) the project and firm made a profit, in failure the project made a loss, (2) the production in the first 36 months of operation is 90% or more of nameplate capacity, while a failure is less than 70%, (3) return on investment is below 105 months, failure above 105 months, average for successful projects is found to be 53 months,. (4) failure sees project and or firm fail, with the plant selling for less than 20% of cost, success sees the project continue to produce at close to capacity, and if sold was value at close to investment, and (5) the successful process is reproduced; in the case of failure it is not. The thesis examines a sample of 67 resource processing projects in Australia initially valued at over $100 million each, over an 18 year interval between 1993 and 2010. The projects totalled$45.3 billion in value with 73% of classified as successful, while 15 projects failed. Four hypotheses are proposed and tested, each respectively relating to one of the following four factors; (1) Firm competence, (2) new process innovation, (3) government involvement in value adding, and (4) information asymmetry and strategic misrepresentation

Including the urban heat island in spatial heat health risk assessment strategies: a case study for Birmingham, UK

Background Heatwaves present a significant health risk and the hazard is likely to escalate with the increased future temperatures presently predicted by climate change models. The impact of heatwaves is often felt strongest in towns and cities where populations are concentrated and where the climate is often unintentionally modified to produce an urban heat island effect; where urban areas can be significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. The purpose of this interdisciplinary study is to integrate remotely sensed urban heat island data alongside commercial social segmentation data via a spatial risk assessment methodology in order to highlight potential heat health risk areas and build the foundations for a climate change risk assessment. This paper uses the city of Birmingham, UK as a case study area. Results When looking at vulnerable sections of the population, the analysis identifies a concentration of "very high" risk areas within the city centre, and a number of pockets of "high risk" areas scattered throughout the conurbation. Further analysis looks at household level data which yields a complicated picture with a considerable range of vulnerabilities at a neighbourhood scale. Conclusions The results illustrate that a concentration of "very high" risk people live within the urban heat island, and this should be taken into account by urban planners and city centre environmental managers when considering climate change adaptation strategies or heatwave alert schemes. The methodology has been designed to be transparent and to make use of powerful and readily available datasets so that it can be easily replicated in other urban areas

From parson to professional: the changing ministry of the Anglican clergy in Staffordshire, 1830-1960

From 1830 to 1960 the parish ministry of the clergy of the Church of England underwent a transformation, which was expressed in the gradual abandonment of the parson model and the adoption of the professional model. Staffordshire provides a good case-study area because of its wide variety of urban and rural parishes where this development can be assessed. Amongst the many causes of the change, the population size of the parishes and the sources of clerical funding are considered to be crucially important. The evidence suggests that where parishes exceeded 2000 people and where the worshiping community became the main provider of financial support, the parson model was increasingly difficult to operate. Out of necessity, and sometimes subconsciously, the clergy developed a model with significant professional features, even though the parson model continued to be promoted as the ideal. There was a narrowing of the remit of the clergy and within their local communities they were less involved and less influential. If as a consequence the incarnational aspect of local ministry has been eroded then there are far reaching implications. This study shows how practical circumstances, such as those that relate to geography and economics, although not always recognised, have an important effect upon the practice and the theology of ministry

Functional Techniques for Data Analysis

This dissertation develops a new general method of solving Prony's problem. Two special cases of this new method have been developed previously. They are the Matrix Pencil and the Osculatory Interpolation. The dissertation shows that they are instances of a more general solution type which allows a wide ranging class of linear functional to be used in the solution of the problem. This class provides a continuum of functionals which provide new methods that can be used to solve Prony's problem

Intonation and pragmatic enrichment: how intonation constrains ad-hoc scalar inferences

Pragmatic inferences require listeners to use alternatives to arrive at the speaker’s intended meaning. Previous research has shown that intonation interacts with alternatives but not how it does so. We present two mouse tracking experiments that test how pitch accents affect the processing of ad hoc scalar implicatures in English. The first shows that L+H* accents facilitate implicatures relative to H* accents. The second replicates this finding and demonstrates that the facilitation is caused by early derivation of the implicature in the L+H* condition. We attribute the effect to a link between L+H* and pragmatic considerations, such as speaker knowledge effects, or the saliency of alternatives relevant to the computation of implicatures. More generally our findings illustrate how intonation interacts at a cognitive level with pragmatic inference

Australian workers and unions should support basic income

The journey to a full universal Basic Income is essentially the search for the answer to just one question: "How do we best meet the income support needs of all who find they are without the capacity to provide for themselves?" This paper will try to answer that question