NIHAO XIX: How supernova feedback shapes the galaxy baryon cycle

We have used the NIHAO simulations to explore how supernovae (SNe) affect star formation in galaxies. We find that SN feedback operates on all scales from the interstellar medium (ISM) to several virial radii. SNe regulate star formation by preventing condensation of HI into H$_2$ and by moving cold neutral gas to the hot HII phase. The first effect explains why the cold neutral gas in dwarf galaxies forms stars inefficiently. The second maintains the hot ISM of massive galaxies (HII vents out at lower masses). At $v_{\rm vir}\simeq 67{\rm\,km\,s}^{-1}$, the outflow rate follows the relation: $\dot{M}_{\rm out}=23\,(v_{\rm vir}/67{\rm\,km\,s}^{-1})^{-4.6}\,{\rm SFR}$. $20\%$ to $70\%$ of the gas expelled from galaxies escapes from the halo (ejective feedback) but outflows are dominated by cold swept-up gas, most of which falls back onto the galaxy on a $\sim 1\,$Gyr timescale. This `fountain feedback' reduces the masses of galaxies by a factor of two to four, since gas spends half to three quarter of its time in the fountain. Less than $10\%$ of the ejected gas mixes with the hot circumgalactic medium and this gas is usually not reaccreted. On scales as large as $6r_{\rm vir}$, galactic winds divert the incoming gas from cosmic filaments and prevent if from accreting onto galaxies (pre-emptive feedback). This process is the main reason for the low baryon content of ultradwarves.Comment: Submitted for publication in MNRA

FAIR SCHEDULING FOR LOW LATENCY AND HIGH THROUGHPUT STORAGE SYSTEMS

Techniques are described herein for storage systems to guarantee low latency for small requests while maintaining the system’s optimal overall throughput. It batches requests, classifies them, fairly allocates resources to them, and provides a mechanism to expedite the processing of small requests. In today’s cloud environments, it is critical that diverse applications run by multiple users can share access to generic storage systems without affecting each other’s performance

Sex-different and growth hormone-regulated expression of microRNA in rat liver

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs playing an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We have previously shown that hepatic transcript profiles are different between males and females; that some of these differences are under the regulation of growth hormone (GH); and that mild starvation diminishes some of the differences. In this study, we tested if hepatic miRNAs are regulated in a similar manner.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using microarrays, miRNA screening was performed to identify sex-dependent miRNAs in rat liver. Out of 324 unique probes on the array, 254 were expressed in the liver and eight (3% of 254) of those were found to be different between the sexes. Among the eight putative sex-different miRNAs, only one female-predominant miRNA (miR-29b) was confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, 1 week of continuous GH-treatment in male rats reduced the levels of miR-451 and miR-29b, whereas mild starvation (12 hours) raised the levels of miR-451, miR-122a and miR-29b in both sexes. The biggest effects were obtained on miR-29b with GH-treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that hepatic miRNA levels depend on the hormonal and nutritional status of the animal and show that miR-29b is a female-predominant and GH-regulated miRNA in rat liver.</p

CLOUD-NATIVE IPV4 OVER A NATIVE IPV6 CLOUD

Techniques presented herein provide a variation of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request For Comments (RFC) 8505 to register stub prefixes to a fabric, and also of RFC 6877 to combine Network Address Translation (NATing) and Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 (v4) to v6 and also v6 to v4 translation. The new operation provides for the ability to transport IPv4 cloud-native application flows between applications and services over an IPv6-only fabric without a change in the containers running the applications and services. The techniques further provide for the ability to load-balance services over the Internet, using a variation of RFC 1794 to obtain a /96 route to the cluster location and RFC 2391 to distribute the load over service instances (e.g., pods)

Żydzi w Polsce od XVI do XX wieku

Tłum. z francuskiego Małgorzata KameckaDziękuję moim przyjaciołom: doktorowi Cezaremu Kukli z Instytutu Historii Filii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Białymstoku za zaproszenie do wygłoszenia tego wykładu w październiku 1993 roku, oraz mojemu Mistrzowi, profesorowi Andrzejowi Wyczańskiemu, którego pomoc i przyjaźń przyczyniły się do ukończenia moich prac.41-4