19 research outputs found
A test-retest study of the keeler pulsair hand-held tonometer
In this study the Keeler Pulsair non-contact tonometer was compaired to itself in a test-retest study. lOP measurements from 20 subjects (age5-42) were utilized. Five groups of four lOP readings were taken 15 minutes apart to minimize massage effect and eliminate diurnal effect. The mean readings were: 13.53 mm Hg with SD 3.6 mm Hg for 00 and 13.39 mm Hg with SO 3.7 mm Hg for OS. The mean difference between tests was significant only for comparisons 00-1 vs.OD-2, 00-1 vs.OD-4 and 00-1 vs.OD-5 due to increased patient apprehension in group 00-1. The design of the Keeler pulsair tonometer provides certain advantages over other tonometers with respect to special patient application and ease of operation. My results indicate there is a need for a future test-retest study which would deal further to alleviate patient apprehension
T Helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 Characteristics Start to Develop During T Cell Priming and Are Associated with an Immediate Ability to Induce Immunoglobulin Class Switching
The respective production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a or IgG1 within 5 d of primary immunization with Swiss type mouse mammary tumor virus [MMTV(SW)] or haptenated protein provides a model for the development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses. The antibody-producing cells arise from cognate T cell B cell interaction, revealed by the respective induction of CÎł2a and CÎł1 switch transcript production, on the third day after immunization. T cell proliferation and upregulation of mRNA for interferon Îł in response to MMTV(SW) and interleukin 4 in response to haptenated protein also starts during this day. It follows that there is minimal delay in these responses between T cell priming and the onset of cognate interaction between T and B cells leading to class switching and exponential growth. The Th1 or Th2 profile is at least partially established at the time of the first cognate T cell interaction with B cells in the T zone
The historical preconditions for the origin of medical ethics committees in West Germany
Rhythmicity of Intestinal IgA Responses Confers Oscillatory Commensal Microbiota Mutualism
Interactions between the mammalian host and commensal microbiota are enforced through a range of immune responses that confer metabolic benefits and promote tissue health and homeostasis. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses directly determine the composition of commensal species that colonize the intestinal tract but require significant metabolic resources to fuel antibody production by tissue-resident plasma cells. Here we demonstrate IgA responses are subject to diurnal regulation over the course of a circadian day. Specifically, the magnitude of IgA secretion, as well as the transcriptome of tissue-resident IgA(+) plasma cells, were found to exhibit rhythmicity. Oscillatory IgA responses were found to be entrained by time of feeding, and in-part coordinated by the plasma cell-intrinsic circadian clock. Moreover, reciprocal interactions between the host and microbiota dictated oscillatory dynamics amongst the commensal microbial community and its associated transcriptional and metabolic activity, in an IgA-dependent manner. Together our findings suggest circadian networks comprising intestinal IgA, the diet and the microbiota converge to align circadian biology in the intestinal tract and to ensure host-microbial mutualism
Rhythmicity of intestinal IgA responses confers oscillatory commensal microbiota mutualism
Interactions between the mammalian host and commensal microbiota are enforced through a range of immune responses that confer metabolic benefits and promote tissue health and homeostasis. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses directly determine the composition of commensal species that colonize the intestinal tract but require substantial metabolic resources to fuel antibody production by tissue-resident plasma cells. Here, we demonstrate that IgA responses are subject to diurnal regulation over the course of a circadian day. Specifically, the magnitude of IgA secretion, as well as the transcriptome of intestinal IgA+ plasma cells, was found to exhibit rhythmicity. Oscillatory IgA responses were found to be entrained by time of feeding and were also found to be in part coordinated by the plasma cell-intrinsic circadian clock via deletion of the master clock gene Arntl. Moreover, reciprocal interactions between the host and microbiota dictated oscillatory dynamics among the commensal microbial community and its associated transcriptional and metabolic activity in an IgA-dependent manner. Together, our findings suggest that circadian networks comprising intestinal IgA, diet, and the microbiota converge to align circadian biology in the intestinal tract and to ensure host-microbial mutualism.</p