O papel do ensino de biologia na formação crítica a respeito da relação entre animais humanos e não humanos

The Teaching of Biology must use several methodologies and contextualize the contents. In this process, Environmental Education and the debate about the relations of human and non-human animals are the opportunity to generate critical thinking and awareness raising. However, Biology Teaching often occurs through anthropocentric, utilitarian and speciesist contextualizations not advancing to a more complex and expanded debate that considers ethical aspects of animal life. This research sought to define which approaches in this teaching can favor a possible process of awareness of the students and what impacts can be generated from a didactic intervention that privileges a contextualized and relational debate of the contents. An intervention was carried out at a State College in Ponta Grossa-PR, with a second (2nd) year high school class, through the application of a questionnaire before and after didactic intervention as a significant activity that problematized the relationships between human and not human. The data collected in the questionnaires and analyzed by means of graphs evidenced the anthropocentrism, utilitarianism and speciesism implicit in the previous responses to the didactic intervention and after the realization of this it was noticed that significant changes occurred in several aspects, such as constructive discussions through the applied concepts and relations with the daily life of students. This allowed us to verify the previous knowledge of the students involved, to select relevant strategies for teaching the subject, and to evaluate the impact of this methodology for a possible process of awareness.O Ensinar de Biologia deve utilizar diversas metodologias e contextualizar os conteúdos. Nesse processo, a Educação Ambiental e o debate acerca das relações dos animais humanos e não humanos são a oportunidade de gerar um pensamento crítico e a sensibilização para conscientização No entanto, frequentemente o Ensino de Biologia se dá por meio de contextualizações antropocêntricas, utilitaristas e especistas não avançando para um debate mais complexo e ampliado que considere aspectos éticos da vida dos animais. Esta pesquisa buscou definir quais abordagens neste ensino podem favorecer um possível processo de tomada de consciência dos alunos e que impactos podem ser gerados a partir de uma intervenção didática que privilegie um debate contextualizado e relacional dos conteúdos. Foi realizada uma intervenção em um Colégio Estadual em Ponta Grossa-PR, com uma turma de segundo (2º) ano do Ensino Médio, por meio da aplicação de questionário antes e após a intervenção didática como atividade significativa que problematizou as relações dos animais humanos e não humanos. Os dados coletados nos questionários e analisados por meio de gráficos evidenciaram o antropocentrismo, utilitarismo e especismo implícitos nas respostas anteriores a intervenção didática e após a realização desta percebeu-se que mudanças expressivas ocorreram em diversos aspectos, como discussões construtivas por meio dos conceitos aplicados e relações com o cotidiano dos alunos e alunas. Com isto pôde-se verificar quais os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos envolvidos, selecionar estratégias relevantes ao ensino do tema, e avaliar o impacto desta metodologia para um possível processo de tomada de consciência

Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

The Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, Brazil houses the largest and most representative Brazilian collection of Diptera. In the present study, following a recommendation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, it is presented a catalogue of the type specimens of Diadocidiidae and Ditomyiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) held in the collection of the MZUSP. Label data and the condition of preservation of 27 type specimens (nine holotypes, two paralectotypes, and 16 paratypes) of 14 Neotropical species are provided

Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) tupi

Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) tupi (Lane, 1946) Lane, 1946a: 341 (original description), fig. 3 (male genitalia). Ref. – Papavero, 1977b: 19 B.3 (catalogue). Type locality: Brazil, Goiás, Corumbá de Goiás. Distr. – Neotropical: Brazil (Goiás, São Paulo), Argentina (Misiones). Holotype ♂, MZUSP. Holotype ♂ with labels: (1) printed pink paper: “HOLOTIPO”; (2) handwritten on white paper: “Goiáz [Goiás] | Corumbá [Corumbá de Goiás] | Barretto-col.”; (3) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper “ Centrocnemis | tupi | det. John Lane 194”; (4) printed on white paper:“MZSP”; (5) printed on white paper:“ MZ004498 ”. Slide with labels:(1) printed on white paper:“ MZ004498 ”; (2) printed on white paper: “ BRASIL, GO, Corumbá [Corumbá de Goiás] | xi.1945 | Barreto col.”; (3) handwritten on white paper: “ M. tupi ”; (4) printed on red paper:“ Holotype ”. Microvial with labels: (1) printed on white paper: “ MZ004498 ”.Published as part of Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Toczek, Fernanda Ceres & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2019, Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-7 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59 on page 5, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.56, http://zenodo.org/record/538519

Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) lenkoi Lane 1959

<i>Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) lenkoi</i> Lane, 1959 <p> Lane, 1959: 105 (original description), fig. 12 (male genitalia). Ref. – Papavero, 1977b: 19 B.2 (catalogue). <i>Type locality:</i> Brazil, Amapá, Serra do Navio. Distr. – Neotropical: Brazil (Amapá). Holotype ♂, MZUSP.</p> <p> Holotype ♂ with labels: (1) printed on pink paper: “HOLOTIPO”; (2) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper: “ Serra do Navio | Terr. Amapá BRASIL | <i>20.I</i> X-1957 [20.ix.1957] | J. Lane [John Lane] leg.”; (3) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper: “ <i>Australosymmerus</i> | <i>lenkoi</i> | det. John Lane 195 <i>9</i> ”; (4) printed on white paper: “MZSP [MZUSP]”; (5) printed on white paper:“ MZ004495 ”.</p> <p>Slide with labels:(1) printed on white paper:“ MZ004495 ”; (2) printed on white paper:“ BRASIL, Amapá | Serra do Navio | 20.ix.1957 | J. Lane [John Lane] col.”; | (3) handwritten on white paper:“ M. lenkoi.”; (4) printed on red paper:“ HOLOTYPE ”.</p> <p> <b>Condition of holotype:</b> Pinned. Left wing and male terminalia on the permanent slide. Left antenna broken. Missing parts: none.</p>Published as part of <i>Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Toczek, Fernanda Ceres & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2019, Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-7 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59</i> on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.56, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5385190">http://zenodo.org/record/5385190</a&gt

Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) bororo

<i>Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) bororo</i> (Lane, 1946) <p> Lane, 1946a: 342 (original description), fig. 8 (male genitalia). Ref. – Papavero, 1977b: 19 B.2 (catalogue). <i>Type locality:</i> Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia. Distr. – Neotropical: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo). Holotype ♂, MZUSP.</p> <p> Holotype ♂ with labels: (1) printed on pink paper: “HOLOTIPO”; (2) handwritten on white paper: “IX.46 [ix.1946] | R. Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] | Itatiaia | Barretto col.”; (3) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper: “ <i>Centrocnemis</i> | <i>bororo</i> | det. John Lane 194 <i>6</i> ”; (4) printed on white paper:“MZSP”; (5) printed on white paper:“ MZ004490 ”.</p> <p>Slide with labels:(1) printed on white paper:“ MZ004490 ”; (2) printed on red paper: “ HOLOTYPE ”; (3) printed on white paper:“ BRASIL, Rio de Janeiro | Itatiaia | ix.1946 | Barreto col.”.</p>Published as part of <i>Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Toczek, Fernanda Ceres & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2019, Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-7 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59</i> on page 3, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.56, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5385190">http://zenodo.org/record/5385190</a&gt

Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) guayanasi

<i>Australosymmerus (Melosymmerus) guayanasi</i> (Lane, 1946) <p> Lane, 1946a: 340 (original description), fig. 2 (male genitalia). Ref. – Papavero, 1977b: 19 B.2 (catalogue). <i>Type locality:</i> Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão. Distr. – Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo). Holotype ♂, MZUSP.</p> <p> Holotype ♂ with labels: (1) printed on pink paper: “HOLOTIPO”; (2) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper: “ São Paulo <i>XII 45</i> [xii.1945] | <i>C. Jordão</i> [Campos do Jordão] | det. J. Lane coll”; (3) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper:“ <i>Centrocnemis guayanasi</i> | det. John Lane 194”; (4) printed on white paper: “MZSP [MZUSP]”; (5) printed on white paper:“ MZ004496 ”.</p> <p> Slide with labels: (1) printed on white paper:“ MZ004496 ”; (2) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper: “ BRASIL, São Paulo | Campos do Jordão | xii.1945 | J. Lane col. | <i>M. guayanasi</i> ”; (3) printed on red paper: “ HOLOTYPE ”.</p>Published as part of <i>Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Toczek, Fernanda Ceres & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2019, Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-7 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59</i> on page 4, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.56, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5385190">http://zenodo.org/record/5385190</a&gt

Calliceratomyia pectinata Lane 1946

<i>Calliceratomyia pectinata</i> Lane, 1946 <p> Lane, 1946b: 244 (original description), fig. 1 (antenna), fig. 2 (male terminalia), fig. 3 (wing). Ref. – Papavero, 1977b: 19 B.4 (catalogue). <i>Type locality:</i> Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão. Distr. – Neotropical: Brazil (São Paulo). Holotype ♂, MZUSP.</p> <p> Holotype ♂ with labels: (1) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper:“ Inst. de Higiene de S.Paulo [Instituto de Higiene de São Paulo] | PARASITOLOGIA | <i>Calliceratomyia pectinata</i> | ♂ Holotipo | S. Paulo [São Paulo] | <i>C. Jordão</i> [Campos do Jordão] | xii.1945 | J. Lane [John Lane]”; (2) printed on red paper: “ Holotype ”; (3) printed on white paper: “ MZ004475 ”; (4) printed with handwritten inscriptions on white paper:“№ <i>5944</i> | Lamina <i>1508</i> | Divisão <i>1</i> | Gaveta <i>159</i> ”.</p> <p> <b>Condition of holotype:</b> Slide-mounted. Missing parts: none.</p>Published as part of <i>Falaschi, Rafaela Lopes, Toczek, Fernanda Ceres & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2019, Catalogue of Ditomyiidae and Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) types housed in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-7 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.56, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5385190">http://zenodo.org/record/5385190</a&gt