On the Electromagnetic Properties of Single Crystals of Tellurium. II : Ettingshausen-Nernst Effect

The Ettingshausen-Nernst effect of a single crystal of highly purified tellurium has been measured over the temperatures ranging from -160 to +300℃. In the intrinsic semiconductor range of temperature, it was found that the value of coefficient of this effect is roughly in agreement with that evaluated theoretically from the values of the electron and hole mobilities and the width of the forbidden region, which were deduced by analysing the experimental values of the conductivity, the Hall coefficient and the magneto-resistance coefficient measured on the same specimen

Simulação numérica de efeitos térmicos sobre vibrações induzidas por vórtices utilizando um método de partículas de temperatura lagrangeano.

O efeito de empuxo é um mecanismo natural de controle de separação da camada limite ao redor de um corpo rombudo. Na literatura esta técnica é classicada como ativa; os métodos ativos requerem energia externa para afetar o escoamento de um fluido. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, através de simulações numéricas, estudar a influência do uso de vibrações forçadas combinadas com efeitos térmicos para controlar os padrões de esteira e a frequência de desprendimento de vórtices á jusante de um cilindro oscilando transversalmente ao escoamento incidente. A abordagem numérica utiliza um método de partículas puramente Lagrangeano em associação a um método de painéis do tipo fonte e a uma formulação integral derivada da equação de Poisson para pressão. O cilindro aquecido é forçado a oscilar longe do solo, de forma a não se considerar o efeito solo. Ao introduzir força de empuxo na região próxima a esteira devido ao aquecimento do cilindro oscilando forçadamente, o fenômeno lock-in permaneceu insensível, e há uma tendência de dessincronização quando o número de Richardson, que representa a razão entre a convecção natural e a convecção forçada, é superior a R ᵢ = 1. A redução de 40% do arrasto foi obtida para um elevado número de Richardson e o ponto de separação da camada limite se move a jusante do corpo, com um ângulo aproximado de 123º. Os resultados numéricos são bastante encorajadores para a inclusão de outros efeitos de interferência ao problema

On the Electromagnetic Properties of Single Crystals of Tellurium. III : Adiabatic and Isothermal Hall Effect, and Ettingshausen Effect

A study has been made of the comparison of the adiabatic and the isothermal Hall effects of a tellurium crystal from -180°to +350℃. An ordinary d. c. method was used for the adiabatic effect and a potentiometric nil-method utilizing a 1000 cycles a. c. was employed for the isothermal one. The difference of two kinds of Hall coefficients was found to be less than 10 per cent below 230℃, but above 240℃ the adiabatic coefficient has a value as low as 85~50 per cent of the isothermal coefficient. This notwithstanding, the remarkable sign reversal is observed at 240℃ also in the isothermal Hall coefficient, which fact evinces itself to be one of the essential properties of tellurium

On the Electro-magnetic Properties of Single Crystals of Tellurium. I : Electric Resistance, Hall Effect, Magneto-resistance, and Thermo-electric Power

The resistivity, the Hall, the magneto-resistance, and the Seebeck effects are investigated with respect to the highly purified single crystals of tellurium over the temperatures ranging from -190°to +300℃. The said crystals are found to be a P-type extrinsic semiconductor at low temperatures, while an intrinsic conduction supersedes it above ice point. The energy gap between the conduction band and the normally filled band are estimated at 0.34 eV. In terms of the electric and the galvanomagnetic data, the concentrations, the mobilities, the effective masses, and the mean free paths of positive holes and electrons are expressed as functions of temperature. The thermo-electric data are also compatible with the above results

Electric Resistance, Hall Effect, Magneto-Resistance and Seebeck Effect in a Pure Tellurium Film

The electric resistance, the Hall effect, the magneto-resistance and the Seebeck effect are investigated with regard to pure tellurium films, deposited by evaporation on glass plates, over the temperatures ranging from -195°to +60℃ ; the substrates in concern have been baked out in the same high vacuum prior to the metal deposition. The electric resistance and the weight of the deposits are compared for various thicknesses of the films and a certain regular correlation is found between them. The Hall coefficient at room temperature increases almost in proportion to the thickness of the film defined from its electric conduction. The Hall coefficient and the thermoelectric power against aluminium are both positive throughout the whole range of temperature which facts show that the current carriers predominantly have a positive sign

Electrical Properties of Antimony-Doped Tellurium Crystals

Electrical resistivity, Hall effect and thermoelectric power of tellurium crystals alloyed with antimony of quantities between 0.002 and 5 atomic per cent have been measured in the temperature range from liquid air temperature to 300℃, and the data are compared with the properties of pure tellurium crystals with a view to clarifying the change of electrical properties accompanying the increase of acceptor impurities. The Values of resistivity and Hall coefficient at about 15℃ distribute from 4.2×10^ to 1.7×10^ ohm-cm and from -3.6×10^3 to +3.25 emu respectively as observed for twelve specimens containing antimony up to 5 per cent ; and the density and mobility of holes calculated from the above data range from 2.3×10^ to 2.3×10^ per cm^3 and from more than 4.9× 10^2 to 1.6×10^2 cm^2/volt-sec respectively. Tenth or hundredth parts of added antimony atoms are deemed to yield the acceptor levels having little or no excitation energy in the temperature range under study. The decrease in hole mobilities with the increase of antimony addition are concluded to be due to the predominance of acceptor ion scattering. Thermoelectric power shows a temperature dependence having a maximum at low temperatures and a minimum at intermediate temperatures in the pure specimens, while it tends to show monotonous characteristics having a roughly linear increase with temperature rise in accordance with the increase of antimony concentration

Serum N

Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of serum N-glycan profiling for prognosis in hemodialysis patients. Methods. Serum N-glycan analysis was performed in 100 hemodialysis patients in June 2008 using the glycoblotting method, which allows high-throughput, comprehensive, and quantitative N-glycan analysis. All patients were longitudinally followed up for 5 years. To evaluate the independent predictors for prognosis, patients' background, blood biochemistry, and N-glycans intensity were analyzed using Cox regression multivariate analysis. Selected N-glycans and independent factors were evaluated using the log-rank test with the Kaplan-Meier method to identify the predictive indicators for prognosis. Each patient was categorized according to the number of risk factors to evaluate the predictive potential of the risk criteria for prognosis. Results. In total, 56 N-glycan types were identified in the hemodialysis patients. Cox regression multivariate analysis showed cardiovascular events, body mass index, maximum intima media thickness, and the serum N-glycan intensity of peak number 49 were predictive indicators for overall survival. Risk classification according to the number of independent risk factors revealed significantly poor survival by increasing the number of risk factors. Conclusions. Serum N-glycan profiling may have a potential to predict prognosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Chronic treatment with an erythropoietin receptor ligand prevents chronic kidney disease–induced enlargement of myocardial infarct size

慢性腎臓病による心筋梗塞の拡大には，心筋リンゴ酸アスパラギン酸シャトル抑制を介したAkt活性化障害が関与し，慢性的なエリスロポエチン受容体刺激はこれらの障害を修復して心筋梗塞の拡大を予防する

Variation in aggregation propensities among ALS-associated variants of SOD1: Correlation to human disease

To date, 146 different mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been identified in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mean age of disease onset in patients inheriting mutations in SOD1 is 45–47 years of age. However, although the length of disease duration is highly variable, there are examples of consistent disease durations associated with specific mutations (e. g. A4V, less than 2 years). In the present study, we have used a large set of data from SOD1-associated ALS pedigrees to identify correlations between disease features and biochemical/biophysical properties of more than 30 different variants of mutant SOD1. Using a reliable cell culture assay, we show that all ALS-associated mutations in SOD1 increase the inherent aggregation propensity of the protein. However, the relative propensity to do so varied considerably among mutants. We were not able to explain the variation in aggregation rates by differences in known protein properties such as enzyme activity, protein thermostability, mutation position or degree of change in protein charge. Similarly, we were not able to explain variability in the duration of disease in SOD1-associated ALS pedigrees by these properties. However, we find that the majority of pedigrees in which patients exhibit reproducibly short disease durations are associated with mutations that show a high inherent propensity to induce aggregation of SOD1