Relationship between the percentage of body fat and surrogate indices of fatness in male and female Polish active and sedentary students

BACKGROUND: Limited data have indicated that body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) of athletes and young adults provide misleading results concerning body fat content. This study was aimed at the evaluation of the relationship between different surrogate indices of fatness (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR and body adiposity index (BAI)) with the percentage of body fat in Polish students with respect to their sex and physical activity. METHODS: A total of 272 students volunteered to participate in the study. Of these students, 177 physical education students (90 males and 87 females) were accepted as active (physical activity of 7 to 9 hours/week); and 95 students of other specializations (49 males and 46 females) were accepted as sedentary (physical activity of 1.5 hours/week). Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured, and BMI, WHR, WHtR and BAI were calculated. Body fat percentage was assessed using four skinfold measurements. RESULTS: Classification of fatness according to the BMI and the percentage of body fat have indicated that BMI overestimates fatness in lean subjects (active men and women, sedentary men), but underestimates body fat in obese subjects (sedentary women). In all groups, BMI, WHR, WHtR and BAI were significantly correlated with the percentage of body fat (with the exception of WHR and hip circumference in active and sedentary women, respectively). However, coefficients of determination not exceeding 50% and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients lower than 0.9 indicated no relationship between measured and calculated body fat. CONCLUSION: The findings in the present study support the concept that irrespective of physical activity and sex none of the calculated indices of fatness are useful in the determination of body fat in young adults. Thus, it seems that easily calculated indices may contribute to distorted body image and unhealthy dietary habits observed in many young adults in Western countries, but also in female athletes

A semi-graphic approach to the fire resistance assessment of a gable steel frame

An alternative design approach, helpful in the critical temperature evaluation for a gable steel frame exposed to fire, is proposed and discussed in this article. This approach is based on the specification of a system of equilibrium formulae, generalized to the case of fire. All these equations result from the graphical identification of the redundant bending moment distribution in the frame members relating to the particular collapse mechanisms being kinematically admissible. Only such a mechanism which corresponds to the activation of a suitable sequence of the appropriate number of plastic hinges while maintaining the requirements of the classical bending moment redistribution is recognized as conclusive for the considered frame structure

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ENHANCED EXPOSURE FROM NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (NORM) WITHIN LCA

The potential impact of ionising radiation from enhanced exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) to humans and the environment is not currently accounted for sufficiently in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Here we present midpoint and endpoint characterisation factors resulting from the implementation of impact assessment models for human health and ecosystems for NORM exposure. These models build upon existing fate, exposure and effect models from the LCA and radiological literature. The newly developed models are applied to a theoretical study of the utilisation of bauxite residue, a by-product of alumina processing enriched in natural radionuclides, in building materials. The ecosystem models have significant sensitivity to uncertainties surrounding the differential environmental fate of parent and daughter radionuclides that are produced as a part of decay chains, and to assumptions regarding long term releases from landfill sites. However, conservative results for environmental exposure suggest that in addition to landfill of materials, power consumption (burning coal and mining uranium) is a potentially significant source of radiological impact to the environment. From a human perspective, exposure to NORM in the use phase of building materials is the dominant source of impact, with environmental releases of nuclides playing a comparatively minor role. At an endpoint level, the impact of NORM exposure is highly significant in comparison to other impact categories in the area of protection of human health. This highlights the importance within LCA of having sufficient impact assessment models to capture all potential impacts, such that issues of burden shifting between impact measures can be captured, interpreted and resolved in the optimisation of product systems.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.13

Triplex cogitandi ratio cum methodo Jana Śniadeckiego – nowe źródło do dziejów logiki i epistemologii w szkolnictwie Komisji Edukacji Narodowej

The objective of this paper is to present the intellectual context, partially philosophical, of a newly discovered source for the history of Polish logic and epistemology. The source is the manuscript of lectures on logic given in the so-called Nowodworski Schools, a secondary school associated with the Kraków Academy. The lecture was given in the school year 1777/1778 by Jan Śniadecki (1756–1830), a leading thinker of the Polish Enlightenment – mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and pedagogical activist, including a rector of the Vilnius University. A preliminary interpretation of the manuscript is also delivered, classifying it as an exemplification of philosophia recentiorum. That philosophical and scientific trend, typical of education in the second half of the 18th century, was programmatically eclectic. It assimilated threads of modern epistemology and modern science into the course of philosophy characteristic of modern Christian Aristotelianism (second scholasticism). The article also announces the first critical edition of the manuscript being prepared. It seems to be essential for understanding the first stage of Śniadecki’s work, as well as for understanding the specificity of the education system in the schools supervised by the Commission of National Education, established in 1773

Dislocation of the mandible in a 47 year old patient

Dislocation of mandible is relatively uncommon disorder of temporomandibular joints. Disorder can occur during extreme dilation of mouth such as yawing, during dental treatments or endoscopic examination. 47- year old patient was admitted to the Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery in case of bilateral mandible dislocation. In this case the reposition in general anaesthesia was performed but ended up with failure

Dislocation of mandible in 48 year old patient - the continuation of a therapy

Dislocation of a temporomandible joint (TMJ) is a rare disfunction, which has multiform background divided into imbalance in the function of neuromascular component or structural deficit. A 48-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery of the Medical University of Lublin due to continuation of a treatment of TMJ dislocation. Previous hospitalization was performed a few months earlier. Reposition in general anaesthesia was used as a treatment, however it ended up with defeat. Current hospitalization with open surgery reposition was scheduled. Bilateral condylectomy was prosecuted. After surgery correct movability and proper anterior-posterior placement of mandible were achieved

Heterospecific Fear and Avoidance Behaviour in Domestic Horses (Equus caballus)

Ridden horses have been reported to be fearful of cows. We tested whether cows could provoke behavioural and cardiac fear responses in horses, and whether these responses differ in magnitude to those shown to other potential dangers. Twenty horses were exposed to cow, a mobile object or no object. The time spent at different distances from the stimulus was measured. In a separate test, heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences between heartbeats (RMSSD) and the horses’ perceived fear were assessed at various distances from the stimuli. The horses avoided the area nearest to all stimuli. During hand‐leading, the cow elicited the highest HR and lowest RMSSD. Led horses’ responses to the cow and box were rated as more fearful as the distance to the stimulus decreased. Mares had a higher HR than geldings across all tests. HR positively correlated with the fearfulness rating at the furthest distance from the cow and box, and RMSSD negatively correlated with this rating in cow and control conditions. Our results show that these horses’ avoidance response to cows was similar or higher to that shown towards a novel moving object, demonstrating that potentially, both neophobia and heterospecific communication play a role in this reaction

Correction: Wiśniewska et al. Heterospecific Fear and Avoidance Behaviour in Domestic Horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>). <i>Animals</i> 2021, <i>11</i>, 3081.

From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2022-08-01, epub 2022-08-10Publication status: PublishedThe authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]