Pengaruh Bahan Organik Pada Tailing Emas Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Translokasi Merkuri (Hg) Pada Sawi (Brassica Parachinensis L.) Dan Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill.)

Pertambangan emas yang menggunakan metode arsenik dan merkuri dalam proses pemurnian akan selalu menimbulkan dampak lingkungan. Sisa tanah hasil penambangan (tailing) akan dibuang atau didepositkan, dan akan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan dan juga mencemari pangan. Tanaman yang ditumbuhkan pada lahan terkontaminasi dapat bersifat adaptif terhadap kontaminan tetapi tidak mentranslokasikan, ataupun bersifat adaptif dan mentranslokasikan dengan dan tanpa translokasi kontaminan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sifat adaptif/toleran Sawi dan Tomat jika ditanam pada tanah tercemar merkuri dan juga kemampuan translokasi merkuri. Total 6 perlakuan dengan 3 kali pengulangan ditentukan untuk setiap jenis tanaman supaya dapat menarik kesimpulan penelitian, seperti perlakuan tanah tailing saja, tanah tailing campur pupuk (100 mg N, 50 mg P, dan 50 mg K), tanah tailing dengan kotoran ayam, tanah tailing dengan campuran rumput laut, tanah tailing dengan dosis pupuk rendah (50 mg N, 25 mg P dan 25 mg K), dan tanah non tailing yang dicampur pupuk N,P,K dosis rendah. Untuk sawi dan tomat digunakan masing-masing 18 unit percobaan untuk tomat. Dosis rumput laut maupun kotoran ayam adalah 5g kering angin kg-1 tanah. Statistik mengunakan analisa Anova 1 arah dengan uji lanjut BNJ. Sawi yang tumbuh pada tanah tailing terkontaminasi 85.700 ηg g-1 mentranslokasikan Hg hingga 17.477 ηg g-1 dan hanya 6.281 ηg g-1 pada tomat. Efisiensi Sawi sangat tinggi untuk membersihkan kontaminan Hg, minimal 68 kali lebih efisien dari tomat. Pemberian N, P, K pada tanah tailing berkontribusi negatif pada pertumbuhan tanaman berbeda dengan pemberian bahan organik asal kotoran ayam yang memberikan kontribusi positif pada pertumbuhan sawi maupun tomat, juga menurunkan penyerapan Hg

Uji Penggunaan Bahan Organik Sumber Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Nangka (Artocarpus Heteropyllus Lamk)

Municipal garbage and seaweed are organic materials which can be soil ameliorant (additive) important to improve soil chemical and physics. Different organic material sources given to the soil will make plants growing on it respond differently except the seeds. This study aim at testing the response given by organic matter from the city garbage and seaweed on marginal soils (with low pH areas, clayey texture and low nutrient content) on the jackfruit seed growth. The research design used is random complete design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments tested were B0 = (control-without ameliorant), B1 = Soil + (100 mg N, 60 mg P, 100 mg K, 60 mg Mg, Ca 60 mg kg -1 soil)., B2 = Soil + (50 mg N, 30 mg P, 50 mg K, 30 mg Mg, 30 Ca mg kg -1 soil) + organic materials. Sea weed., B3 = Soil + organic materials. Seaweed., B4 = Soil + (50 mg N, 30 mg P, 50 mg K, 30 mg Mg, 30 mg Ca kg -1 soil) + organic materials. Municipal garbage., B5 = Soil + organic materials. municipal garbage. The results showed that the provision of municipal garbage organic and seaweed significantly affect the parameters of leaf width, however, sea weed organic materials has a more significant effect than municipal garbage

Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Mikroba Rumpun Bambu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk organik mikroba rumpun bambu terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai kriting(Capsicum annuum). Penelitian dilaksanakan disekitar area kampusUntad, Palu. Sulawesi Tengah dan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, dari bulan April - Juli 2013, Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam bentuk percobaan yang disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dengan dosis pemberian pupuk organik mikroba rumpun bambu yang berbeda kedalam 5 kg tanah per poliybag yaitu:0 g (Kontrol),25 g, 50 g, 75 g, 100 g dan 125 g. Berdasarkan jumlah perlakuan yang dicobakan diatas maka terdapat 6 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali sehingga terdapat 30 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk organic mikroba rumpun bamboo dapat memberikan pengaruh yang positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Pada setiap perlakuan yang diberikan ternyata dosis 75 g menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, berat segar dan berat kering tajuk lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan dosis yang lain

Reducing Fertilizer and Avoiding Herbicides in Oil Palm Plantations—Ecological and Economic Valuations

Oil palm plantations are intensively managed agricultural systems that increasingly dominate certain tropical regions. Oil palm monocultures have been criticized because of their reduced biodiversity compared to the forests they historically replaced, and because of their negative impact on soils, water, and climate. We experimentally test whether less intensive management schemes may enhance biodiversity and lessen detrimental effects on the environment while maintaining high yields. We compare reduced vs. conventional fertilization, as well as mechanical vs. chemical weed control (with herbicides) in a long-term, full-factorial, multidisciplinary experiment. We conducted the experiment in an oil palm company estate in Sumatra, Indonesia, and report the results of the first 2 years. We measured soil nutrients and functions, surveyed above- and below-ground organisms, tracked oil palm condition and productivity, and calculated plantation gross margins. Plants, aboveground arthropods, and belowground animals were positively affected by mechanical vs. chemical weed control, but we could not detect effects on birds and bats. There were no detectable negative effects of reduced fertilization or mechanical weeding on oil palm yields, fine roots, or leaf area index. Also, we could not detect detrimental effects of the reduced fertilization and mechanical weeding on soil nutrients and functions (mineral nitrogen, bulk density, and litter decomposition), but water infiltration and base saturation tended to be higher under mechanical weeding, while soil moisture, and microbial biomass varied with treatment. Economic performance, measured as gross margins, was higher under reduced fertilization. There might be a delayed response of oil palm to the different management schemes applied, so results of future years may confirm whether this is a sustainable management strategy. Nevertheless, the initial effects of the experiment are encouraging to consider less intensive management practices as economically and ecologically viable options for oil palm plantations

Safeguarding Imperiled Biodiversity and Evolutionary Processes in the Wallacea Center of Endemism

Wallacea—the meeting point between the Asian and Australian fauna—is one of the world's largest centers of endemism. Twenty-three million years of complex geological history have given rise to a living laboratory for the study of evolution and biodiversity, highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. In the present article, we review the historic and contemporary processes shaping Wallacea's biodiversity and explore ways to conserve its unique ecosystems. Although remoteness has spared many Wallacean islands from the severe overexploitation that characterizes many tropical regions, industrial-scale expansion of agriculture, mining, aquaculture and fisheries is damaging terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, denuding endemics from communities, and threatening a long-term legacy of impoverished human populations. An impending biodiversity catastrophe demands collaborative actions to improve community-based management, minimize environmental impacts, monitor threatened species, and reduce wildlife trade. Securing a positive future for Wallacea's imperiled ecosystems requires a fundamental shift away from managing marine and terrestrial realms independently

Safeguarding Imperiled Biodiversity and Evolutionary Processes in the Wallacea Center of Endemism

Wallacea—the meeting point between the Asian and Australian fauna—is one of the world's largest centers of endemism. Twenty-three million years of complex geological history have given rise to a living laboratory for the study of evolution and biodiversity, highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures. In the present article, we review the historic and contemporary processes shaping Wallacea's biodiversity and explore ways to conserve its unique ecosystems. Although remoteness has spared many Wallacean islands from the severe overexploitation that characterizes many tropical regions, industrial-scale expansion of agriculture, mining, aquaculture and fisheries is damaging terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, denuding endemics from communities, and threatening a long-term legacy of impoverished human populations. An impending biodiversity catastrophe demands collaborative actions to improve community-based management, minimize environmental impacts, monitor threatened species, and reduce wildlife trade. Securing a positive future for Wallacea's imperiled ecosystems requires a fundamental shift away from managing marine and terrestrial realms independently

Ecosystem-based tsunami mitigation for tropical biodiversity hotspots

Inclusion of ecosystem-based approaches in the governmental masterplan for tsunami mitigation in Palu, Indonesia may make the city a rare case study for ecological disaster risk reduction in tropical biodiversity hotspots. Such case studies are a key pillar of the United Nations (UN) Sendai Framework to protect coastal societies globally

Mechanical weeding enhances ecosystem multifunctionality and profit in industrial oil palm

A full factorial experiment in a state-owned industrial oil palm plantation in Indonesia evaluates whether reduced management via reduced fertilization rates and mechanical weeding can decrease the negative impacts on ecosystem functions and biodiversity while maintaining profitability of the plantation.Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity is associated with conventional management (that is, high fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 2(2) factorial experiment, we assessed the effects of conventional vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) fertilization rates and herbicide vs mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity and profitability. Analysing across multiple ecosystem functions, mechanical weeding exhibited higher multifunctionality than herbicide treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity was also enhanced, driven by 33% more plant species under mechanical weeding. Compared with conventional management, reduced fertilization and mechanical weeding increased profit by 12% and relative gross margin by 11% due to reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical weeding with reduced, compensatory fertilization in mature oil palm plantations is a tenable management option for enhancing ecosystem multifunctionality and biodiversity and increasing profit, providing win-win situations