Fenomena Erologi Jepang-Indonesia Pada Mahasiswa Bahasa Jepang Tahap Menengah Di Universitas Indonesia

Errology is a term launched by Prof. Mineo Suenobu (1995-1999) that means study of error analysis. Japanese- Indonesian errology is a study of various errors done by Indonesian students in learning Japanese as a a foreign language. The intermediate course in this research is a Japanese class from third grade students at Department of Japanese Studies, Faculty of Humanities. Therefore, the Japanese-Indonesian errology in this research is about the errors from early intermediate Japanese, Intermediate Japanese is a level of foreigner’s Japanese who has learned hiragana, katakana, 300 Chinese characters, 1500 words and basic grammar. This competence reached about 1000 Chinese characters, 6000 words and some advanced grammatical categories. From language acquisition, there are two kind of errors: (1) interlingual errors, caused by the students’ mother tongue; (2) intralingual errors, caused by the structural problems of Japanese language. Interlingual errors are much more than intralingual errors. From the structure of language, there are six kind of errors: (1) grammatical errors; (2) lexical errors; (3) pragmatic errors; (4) lexical- pragmatic errors; (5) lexical grammatical errors; (6) grammatical-pragmatic errors. Grammatical errors are the most.&nbsp

Fenomena Muenshakai sebagai Akibat Pola Hidup Individualisme Serta Dampaknya terhadap Keadaan Sosial dan Ekonomi di Jepang

Article described capitalist social life of modern Japanesse that was having individualistic characteristic. This high indivialistic life affected the availability of disconnected family life called muenshakai (無縁社会). This phenomenon caused social and economic shifts in the Japanese family. This research used qualitative approach elaborated in descriptive analysis. The object of research or data corpus was the problem of a decline in Japan population in terms of the breakdown of the family. The research results indicated that muenshakai phenomenon has emerged in Japan caused by some sequential events, those are: the 2nd World War “legacy”, the availability of baby boom, the abolition of shūshinkoyō (終身雇用), the decreasing of marital rate, the increasing of divorce rate, the decreasing of bith rate (少子化), and the lost of family relationship. It can be concluded that the urban individualistic life style is able to change the traditional thinking pattern into oportunistic one that becomes one of the causal factors of muenshakai phenomenon

Analisis Faktor-faktor Pembentuk Komponen Brand Experience Di Platinum Grill Surabaya

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor Product Experience, Look and Feel, dan Experiential Communications sebagai pembentuk Brand Experience di Platinum Grill Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap 10 informan. Teknik analisa yang digunakan yaitu analisa triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor pembentuk Brand Experience berpengaruh di Platinum Grill Surabaya dan dapat memberikan kepuasan bagi konsumen. Berdasarkan analisa triangulasi disimpulkan bahwa faktor Experiential Communications paling berpengaruh dalam memberikan kepuasan konsumen

Pola Resistensi Kuman Mycobacterium Tuberculosis dan Keefektifan Paduan Oat pada Penderita Tb Paru di 10 Puskesmas DKI Jakarta, 1997

Explorative study to find out the susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the effectiveness of fixed pack of tuberculosis drugs for resistant TB patients, had been conducted at 10 Health Centers in Jakarta. The study was conducted prospectively and the cohort of TB cases were found out by passive case finding method during March-December 1997. Case management carried out complying the TB treatment guidelines at HCs. The HCs were selectedpurposively based on the number of TB patients per month during 1996. The cases being studied consist of cases with no prior treatment and cases with history of one month treatment or more. Sputum AFB confirmation and susceptibility testing had done at Persahabatan Hospital and 10% cross check at Laboratory of Microbiology University of Indonesia. A total of 226 cases out of 330 cases from 10 HCs, met the requirement of the inclusion criteria. More than 50% of the cases were people of productive age. Among the study cases with no prior treatment 15.2% were resistant to at least 1 drug. Among the cases with history of one month treatment or morefefhe resistance prevalence to at least one drug was 4.7%. The total resistance prevalence at 10 HCs was 19.9% (38 cases). Total resistance to isoniazide (INH) was 15.2% and the multi drug resistance (MDR) was 4.7%. The conversion rate of all study cases was 59.3%, 70.8% completed the full course of anti tuberculosis drugs and 20.8% drop out. Among the resistant cases (38 cases), the conversion rate was 47.4% and 63.2% completed the full course. Using Chi square test there was no significant difference statisticaly on conversion rate among the groups of the whole cases, cases with no prior treatment, cases with history of one month treatment or more and the resistant cases. Despite the need for further clinical significance confirmation, the information of non statistical significant difference among the conversion rates of all groups, offered healing expectation for the TB resistant cases if the more strict conditions of case holding management are applied

Conformational changes of calmodulin upon Ca2+ binding studied with a microfluidic mixer

A microfluidic mixer is applied to study the kinetics of calmodulin conformational changes upon Ca2+ binding. The device facilitates rapid, uniform mixing by decoupling hydrodynamic focusing from diffusive mixing and accesses time scales of tens of microseconds. The mixer is used in conjunction with multiphoton microscopy to examine the fast Ca2+-induced transitions of acrylodan-labeled calmodulin. We find that the kinetic rates of the conformational changes in two homologous globular domains differ by more than an order of magnitude. The characteristic time constants are ≈490 μs for the transitions in the C-terminal domain and ≈20 ms for those in the N-terminal domain of the protein. We discuss possible mechanisms for the two distinct events and the biological role of the stable intermediate, half-saturated calmodulin

Estimation of interdomain flexibility of N-terminus of factor H using residual dipolar couplings

Characterization of segmental flexibility is needed to understand the biological mechanisms of the very large category of functionally diverse proteins, exemplified by the regulators of complement activation, that consist of numerous compact modules or domains linked by short, potentially flexible, sequences of amino acid residues. The use of NMR-derived residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), in magnetically aligned media, to evaluate interdomain motion is established but only for two-domain proteins. We focused on the three N-terminal domains (called CCPs or SCRs) of the important complement regulator, human factor H (i.e. FH1-3). These domains cooperate to facilitate cleavage of the key complement activation-specific protein fragment, C3b, forming iC3b that no longer participates in the complement cascade. We refined a three-dimensional solution structure of recombinant FH1-3 based on nuclear Overhauser effects and RDCs. We then employed a rudimentary series of RDC datasets, collected in media containing magnetically aligned bicelles (disk-like particles formed from phospholipids) under three different conditions, to estimate interdomain motions. This circumvents a requirement of previous approaches for technically difficult collection of five independent RDC datasets. More than 80% of conformers of this predominantly extended three-domain molecule exhibit flexions of < 40 °. Such segmental flexibility (together with the local dynamics of the hypervariable loop within domain 3), could facilitate recognition of C3b via initial anchoring and eventual reorganization of modules to the conformation captured in the previously solved crystal structure of a C3b:FH1-4 complex

Solution structure of a repeated unit of the ABA-1 nematode polyprotein allergen of ascaris reveals a novel fold and two discrete lipid-binding sites

Parasitic nematode worms cause serious health problems in humans and other animals. They can induce allergic-type immune responses, which can be harmful but may at the same time protect against the infections. Allergens are proteins that trigger allergic reactions and these parasites produce a type that is confined to nematodes, the nematode polyprotein allergens (NPAs). These are synthesized as large precursor proteins comprising repeating units of similar amino acid sequence that are subsequently cleaved into multiple copies of the allergen protein. NPAs bind small lipids such as fatty acids and retinol (Vitamin A) and probably transport these sensitive and insoluble compounds between the tissues of the worms. Nematodes cannot synthesize these lipids, so NPAs may also be crucial for extracting nutrients from their hosts. They may also be involved in altering immune responses by controlling the lipids by which the immune and inflammatory cells communicate. We describe the molecular structure of one unit of an NPA, the well-known ABA-1 allergen of Ascaris and find its structure to be of a type not previously found for lipid-binding proteins, and we describe the unusual sites where lipids bind within this structur