8,842 research outputs found
On the categories of L-Valued and Q-Valued 6 deterministic fuzzy automata
Automata and languages have been studied in the context of different lattice structures by several authors. This paper is toward the categorical study of deterministic lattice-valued (L-valued) fuzzy automata and deterministic quantale-valued (Q-valued)
fuzzy automata. The existence of initial and final objects in the subcategory of category of deterministic lattice-valued fuzzy automata is shown. We also show that there is an adjunction between the category of deterministic lattice-valued and quantale-valued
fuzzy automata
Switchable valley filter based on a graphene - junction in a magnetic field
Low-energy excitations in graphene exhibit relativistic properties due to the
linear dispersion relation close to the Dirac points in the first Brillouin
zone. Two of the Dirac points located at opposite corners of the first
Brillouin zone can be chosen as inequivalent, representing a new valley degree
of freedom, in addition to the charge and spin of an electron. Using the valley
degree of freedom to encode information has attracted significant interest,
both theoretically and experimentally, and gave rise to the field of
valleytronics. We study a graphene - junction in a uniform out-of-plane
magnetic field as a platform to generate and controllably manipulate the valley
polarization of electrons. We show that by tuning the external potential giving
rise to the - junction we can switch the current from one valley
polarization to the other. We also consider the effect of different types of
edge terminations and present a setup, where we can partition an incoming
valley-unpolarized current into two branches of valley-polarized currents. The
branching ratio can be chosen by changing the location of the - junction
using a gate.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Evaluating the Chinese Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (C-CBS-R)
The present study evaluated the utility of the Chinese version of the Revised Controlling Behaviors Scale (C-CBS-R) as a measure of controlling behaviors in violent Chinese intimate relationships. Using a mixed-methods approach, in-depth, individual interviews were conducted with 200 Chinese women survivors to elicit qualitative data about their personal experiences of control in intimate relationships. The use of controlling behaviors was also assessed using the C-CBS-R. Interview accounts suggested that the experiences of 91 of the women were consistent with the description of coercive control according to Dutton and Goodman’s (2005) conceptualization of coercion. Using the split-half validation procedure, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was conducted with the first half of the sample. The area under the curve (AUC) for using the C-CBS-R to identify high control was .99, and the cutoff score of 1.145 maximized both sensitivity and specificity. Applying the cutoff score to the second half gave a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 95%. Overall, the C-CBS-R has demonstrated utility as a measure of controlling behaviors with a cutoff score for distinguishing high from low levels of control in violent Chinese intimate relationships
Futuristic electron transport layer based on multifunctional interactions of ZnO/TCNE for stable inverted organic solar cells
Solution-processed inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) are expected to play a significant role in the future of large-area flexible devices and printed electronics. In order to catch the potential of this inverted BHJ technology for use in devices, a solar cell typically requires low-resistance ohmic contact between the photoactive layers and metal electrodes, since it not only boosts performance but also protects the unstable conducting polymer-based active layer from degradation in the working environment. Interfacial engineering delivers a powerful approach to enhance the efficiency and stability of OSCs. In this study, we demonstrated the surface passivation of the ZnO electron transport layer (ETL) by an ultrathin layer of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). We show that the TCNE film could provide a uniform and intimate interfacial contact between the ZnO and photo-active layer, simultaneously reducing the recombination of electron and holes and series resistance at the contact interface. After successful insertion of TCNE between the ZnO film and the active layer, the parameters, such as short circuit current density (J(sc)) and fill factor (FF), greatly improved, and also a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of similar to 8.59% was achieved, which is similar to 15% more than that of the reference devices without a TCNE layer. The devices fabricated were based on a poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b : 4,5-b ']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-[3-fluoro-2[(2-ethylhexyl)-carbonyl]-thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7):(6,6)-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blend system. These results suggest that this surface modification strategy could be readily extended in developing large-scale roll-to-roll fabrication of OSCs
Observational study of hydrocarbons in the bright photodissociation region of Messier 8
Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, but their formation
is still not well understood, depending on the physical environment they are
found in. M8 is host to one of the brightest HII regions and PDRs in our
galaxy. Using the APEX, and the IRAM 30 m telescopes, we performed a line
survey toward Herschel 36 (Her 36), which is the main ionizing stellar system
in M8, and an imaging survey within 1.3 1.3 pc around Her 36 of
various transitions of CH and c-CH. We used both LTE and
non-LTE methods to determine the physical conditions of the emitting gas along
with the column densities and abundances of the observed species, which we
compared with (updated) gas phase photochemical PDR models. In order to examine
the role of PAHs in the formation of small hydrocarbons and to investigate
their association with M8, we compared archival GLIMPSE 8 m and the SPIRE
250 m continuum images with the CH emission maps. We observed a
total of three rotational transitions of CH with their hyperfine
structure components and four rotational transitions of c-CH with
ortho and para symmetries toward M8. Fragmentation of PAHs seems less likely to
contribute to the formation of small hydrocarbons as the 8 m emission does
not follow the distribution of CH emission, which is more associated with
the molecular cloud. From the quantitative analysis, we obtained abundances of
10 and 10 for CH and c-CH respectively,
and volume densities of the hydrocarbon emitting gas in the range
5 10--5 10 cm. The observed column
densities of CH and c-CH are reproduced reasonably well by our
PDR models. This supports the idea that in high-UV flux PDRs, gas phase
chemistry is sufficient to explain hydrocarbon abundances.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Snake states and their symmetries in graphene
Snake states are open trajectories for charged particles propagating in two
dimensions under the influence of a spatially varying perpendicular magnetic
field. In the quantum limit they are protected edge modes that separate
topologically inequivalent ground states and can also occur when the particle
density rather than the field is made nonuniform. We examine the correspondence
of snake trajectories in single-layer graphene in the quantum limit for two
families of domain walls: (a) a uniform doped carrier density in an
antisymmetric field profile and (b) antisymmetric carrier distribution in a
uniform field. These families support different internal symmetries but the
same pattern of boundary and interface currents. We demonstrate that these
physically different situations are gauge equivalent when rewritten in a Nambu
doubled formulation of the two limiting problems. Using gauge transformations
in particle-hole space to connect these problems, we map the protected
interfacial modes to the Bogoliubov quasiparticles of an interfacial
one-dimensional p-wave paired state. A variational model is introduced to
interpret the interfacial solutions of both domain wall problems
Effect of N, P & K on Fruiting, Yield and Fruit Quality in Guava cv. Pant Prabhat
Response of various combinations of NPK on fruiting, yield and fruit quality were studied in guava cv. Pant Prabhat in a field experiment, over two years. Treatments comprised of three different levels of nitrogen (0, 75 and 150g/plant/year), phosphorus (0, 50 and 100g P2O5/plant/year) and potassium (0, 75 and 150g K2O/plant/ year) in all the possible 27 combinations. Treatments with higher nitrogen level attained maximum yield and fruiting compared to treatments with lower nitrogen levels, in combination with phosphorus and potassium. Maximum yield of 69.64, 60.72 kg/plant and 22.66, 26.35 kg/plant, and, fruit set of 73.23%, 75.07%, 34.73% and 35.65% were recorded with 150g N, 50g P2O5 and 75g K2O/plant/year in the rainy and winter seasons in both years, respectively, while treatment combinations with high potassium level recorded higher ascorbic acid and sugar content in the fruit
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Is the Australian housing market in a bubble?
Purpose: This paper aims to explore principal drivers affecting prices in the Australian housing market, aiming to detect the presence of housing bubbles within it. The data set analyzed covers the past two decades, thereby including the period of the most recent housing boom between 2012 and 2015.
Design/methodology/approach: The paper describes the application of combined enhanced rigorous econometric frameworks, such as ordinary least square (OLS), Granger causality and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) framework, to provide an in-depth understanding of house price dynamics and bubbles in Australia.
Findings: The empirical results presented reveal that Australian house prices are driven primarily by four key factors: mortgage interest rates, consumer sentiment, the Australian S&P/ASX 200 stock market index and unemployment rates. It finds that these four key drivers have long-term equilibrium in relation to house prices, and any short-term disequilibrium always self-corrects over the long term because of economic forces. The existence of long-term equilibrium in the housing market suggests it is unlikely to be in a bubble (Diba and Grossman, 1988; Flood and Hodrick, 1986).
Originality/value: The foremost contribution of this paper is that it is the first rigorous study of housing bubbles in Australia at the national level. Additionally, the data set renders the study of particular interest because it incorporates an analysis of the most recent housing boom (2012-2015). The policy implications from the study arise from the discussion of how best to balance monetary policy, fiscal policy and macroeconomic policy to optimize the steady and stable growth of the Australian housing market, and from its reconsideration of affordability schemes and related policies designed to incentivize construction and the involvement of complementary industries associated with property
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