The Ol1mpiad: concordance of behavioural faculties of stage 1 and stage 3 Drosophila larvae

This publication hasn't any creative commons license associated. This article has a Company of Biologists User Licence 1.1. The deposited article version contains attached the supplementary materials within the pdf.Mapping brain function to brain structure is a fundamental task for neuroscience. For such an endeavour, the Drosophila larva is simple enough to be tractable, yet complex enough to be interesting. It features about 10,000 neurons and is capable of various taxes, kineses and Pavlovian conditioning. All its neurons are currently being mapped into a light-microscopical atlas, and Gal4 strains are being generated to experimentally access neurons one at a time. In addition, an electron microscopic reconstruction of its nervous system seems within reach. Notably, this electron microscope-based connectome is being drafted for a stage 1 larva - because stage 1 larvae are much smaller than stage 3 larvae. However, most behaviour analyses have been performed for stage 3 larvae because their larger size makes them easier to handle and observe. It is therefore warranted to either redo the electron microscopic reconstruction for a stage 3 larva or to survey the behavioural faculties of stage 1 larvae. We provide the latter. In a community-based approach we called the Ol1mpiad, we probed stage 1 Drosophila larvae for free locomotion, feeding, responsiveness to substrate vibration, gentle and nociceptive touch, burrowing, olfactory preference and thermotaxis, light avoidance, gustatory choice of various tastants plus odour-taste associative learning, as well as light/dark-electric shock associative learning. Quantitatively, stage 1 larvae show lower scores in most tasks, arguably because of their smaller size and lower speed. Qualitatively, however, stage 1 larvae perform strikingly similar to stage 3 larvae in almost all cases. These results bolster confidence in mapping brain structure and behaviour across developmental stages.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia grants: (SFRH/BPD/75993/2011EXPL/BEX-BID/0497/2013); Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion; CiM International Max Planck research school; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017’ grant: (SEV-2012-0208); CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; the ‘la Caixa’ International PhD Programme; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant: (BFU2011-26208); Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; State of Sachsen-Anhalt; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants: (CRC 779 Motivated behaviour: B11; GE1091/4-1, SPP 1926, Next generation optogenetics, SO1337/2-1, CRC 779 Motivated behaviour: B15; YA272/2-1, PA 787/7-1, (TH1584/1-1, TH1584/3-1); European Commission grant: (FP7-ICT project Miniature Insect Model for Active Learning MINIMAL); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; European Research Council grant: (ERC-2012-StG 309832-PhotoNaviNet); Swiss National Science Foundation grant: (31003A_169993); Landesforschungsförderung Hamburg grant: (LFF-FV27); Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; State of Sachsen-Anhalt; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg; Cluster of Excellence ImmunoSensation; Baden-Württemberg Stiftung; Zukunftskolleg of the University of Konstanz.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Coxiella burnetii, the Agent of Q Fever, Replicates within Trophoblasts and Induces a Unique Transcriptional Response

Q fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium typically found in myeloid cells. The infection is a source of severe obstetrical complications in humans and cattle and can undergo chronic evolution in a minority of pregnant women. Because C. burnetii is found in the placentas of aborted fetuses, we investigated the possibility that it could infect trophoblasts. Here, we show that C. burnetii infected and replicated in BeWo trophoblasts within phagolysosomes. Using pangenomic microarrays, we found that C. burnetii induced a specific transcriptomic program. This program was associated with the modulation of inflammatory responses that were shared with inflammatory agonists, such as TNF, and more specific responses involving genes related to pregnancy development, including EGR-1 and NDGR1. In addition, C. burnetii stimulated gene networks organized around the IL-6 and IL-13 pathways, which both modulate STAT3. Taken together, these results revealed that trophoblasts represent a protective niche for C. burnetii. The activation program induced by C. burnetii in trophoblasts may allow bacterial replication but seems unable to interfere with the development of normal pregnancy. Such pathophysiologocal processes should require the activation of immune placental cells associated with trophoblasts

La propagande allemande dans les pays nordiques

Tissot Louis. La propagande allemande dans les pays nordiques. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1939 - 4ᵉannée. pp. 155-168

Émissions retardées des mélanges cristallisés benzophénone-naphtalène de 77 A 300 K

Il s’agit de l’étude en fonction de la température des émissions retardées des mélanges cristallisés benzophénone-naphtalène dans une large gamme de concentration et en particulier des cristaux de naphtalène dopés à la benzophénone. De 77 à 200 K on n’observe que l’émission T → S du naphtalène. A des températures supérieures à 200 K, l’émission T → S du naphtalène diminue au profit de l’émission T → S de la benzophénone qui apparaît alors. Le comportement de ces deux émissions s’explique aisément à l’aide d’une désactivation thermique suivie d’un transfert d’énergie triplet-triplet. Les émissions T → S du naphtalène et de la benzophénone sont dues dans tous les cas à l’énergie piégée par des molécules de naphtalène isolées ; nous montrons ainsi l’existence de molécules de naphtalène isolées au sein des agrégats de benzophénone dans les cristaux de naphtalène dopés

Les présidents de la Société de Chirurgie de Lyon de 1897 à 1997 (notes biographiques et discours)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cahiers militaires portatifs, contenant la nouvelle idée sur le génie, les remarques et extraits sur une armée et le service en général

du colonel de Tissot Grenu

Lettre de MM. Tissot et Pallin, députés des Etats d'Avignon et du Comtat réunis, sur la présence d'étrangers parmi les députés pendant la séance du 30 avril, lors de la séance du 2 mai 1791

Tissot Louis Guillaume, Lavie Marc David. Lettre de MM. Tissot et Pallin, députés des Etats d'Avignon et du Comtat réunis, sur la présence d'étrangers parmi les députés pendant la séance du 30 avril, lors de la séance du 2 mai 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXV - Du 13 avril 1791 au 11 mai 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1886. p. 488

Lettre de MM. Tissot et Pallin, députés des Etats d'Avignon et du Comtat réunis, sur la présence d'étrangers parmi les députés pendant la séance du 30 avril, lors de la séance du 2 mai 1791

Tissot Louis-Guillaume, Lavie Marc Antoine. Lettre de MM. Tissot et Pallin, députés des Etats d'Avignon et du Comtat réunis, sur la présence d'étrangers parmi les députés pendant la séance du 30 avril, lors de la séance du 2 mai 1791. In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XXV - Du 13 avril 1791 au 11 mai 1791. Paris : Librairie Administrative P. Dupont, 1886. p. 488