Linear, diatomic crystal: single-electron states and large-radius excitons

The large-radius exciton spectrum in a linear crystal with two atoms in the unit cell was obtained using the single-electron eigenfunctions and the band structure, which were found by the zero-range potential (ZRP) method. The ground-state exciton binding energies for the crystal in vacuum appeared to be larger than the corresponding energy gaps for any set of the crystal parameters.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl

The balance of pressor and depressor substances in the neurons of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in etiologically different arterial hypertension

Tishchenko S. V. The balance of pressor and depressor substances in the neurons of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in etiologically different arterial hypertension. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(4):492-502. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2620542 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6858 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2019. Revised: 15.04.2019. Accepted: 24.04.2019. The balance of pressor and depressor substances in the neurons of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in etiologically different arterial hypertension S. V. Tishchenko Zaporizhzhia State Medical University Department of Pathological Physiology Abstract It has been proved that arterial hypertension is not associated exclusively with an increase in vascular tone but also with a complex of pathological processes that results in cardiovascular pathology and lesions of the target organs. The central and peripheral contours of blood pressure regulation are well studied. Nevertheless, despite the presence of two regulatory contours the key structure that integrates and controls their function is the hypothalamus, in particular its arcuate nucleus. It is proved that the effectiveness of blood pressure regulation depends on those neuromodulators and neurohormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus or transported to it. The most important neurohormones in the regulation of arterial blood presssure are brain natriuretic peptide, β-endorphin, neurotensin and angiotensin II. Equally important factor is the functional state of arcuate nucleus neurons, which depends on adequate blood supply, innervation and inter-neuronal relationships. The link between the above described processes is nitrogen monoxide system (NOS) and its universal messenger – nitric oxide NO. The purpose of the work was to determine the nature of the balance of pressor (angiotensin II and neurotensin) and depressor (brain natriuretic peptide and β-endorphin) neurohormones in the neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the ratio of NOS isoforms with hypertension of different etiology. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 32 mature male Wistar rats and 16 male spontaneously hypertensive rats. To study the content of neuropeptides and NOS enzyme isoforms, an immunohistochemical method was used, followed by digital image processing by Image J. The results that were obtained were calculated using the "Statistica 11.0" program. Conclusions 1. The same changes of neuropeptides’ content in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus are observed in the rats with arterial hypertension which are characterized by a decrease in the brain natriuretic peptide, β-endorphin and angiotensin II content with a significant increase in neurotensin content regardless of arterial hypertension etiology and pathogenesis. The peculiarities of the balance between depressor and pressor substances depend on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms – with the endocrine-salt model of arterial hypertension there is a significant predominance of depressor neuropeptides (in 4.3 times) whereas in essential hypertension this balance is similar to the control. 2. The changes of the NOS isoform ratio in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus are unidirectional, both with endocrine-salt model of arterial hypertension and essential hypertension – the content of eNOS decreases while nNOS and iNOS content increases. Key words: hypothalamus, arcuate nucleus, neuropeptides, nitric oxide, rats, arterial hypertensio

The balance of pressor and depressor substances in the neurons of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in etiologically different arterial hypertension

It has been proved that arterial hypertension is not associated exclusively with an increase in vascular tone but also with a complex of pathological processes that results in cardiovascular pathology and lesions of the target organs. The central and peripheral contours of blood pressure regulation are well studied. Nevertheless, despite the presence of two regulatory contours the key structure that integrates and controls their function is the hypothalamus, in particular its arcuate nucleus. It is proved that the effectiveness of blood pressure regulation depends on those neuromodulators and neurohormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus or transported to it. The most important neurohormones in the regulation of arterial blood presssure are brain natriuretic peptide, β-endorphin, neurotensin and angiotensin II. Equally important factor is the functional state of arcuate nucleus neurons, which depends on adequate blood supply, innervation and inter-neuronal relationships. The link between the above described processes is nitrogen monoxide system (NOS) and its universal messenger – nitric oxide NO. The purpose of the work was to determine the nature of the balance of pressor (angiotensin II and neurotensin) and depressor (brain natriuretic peptide and β-endorphin) neurohormones in the neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the ratio of NOS isoforms with hypertension of different etiology. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 32 mature male Wistar rats and 16 male spontaneously hypertensive rats. To study the content of neuropeptides and NOS enzyme isoforms, an immunohistochemical method was used, followed by digital image processing by Image J. The results that were obtained were calculated using the "Statistica 11.0" program. Conclusions 1. The same changes of neuropeptides’ content in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus are observed in the rats with arterial hypertension which are characterized by a decrease in the brain natriuretic peptide, β-endorphin and angiotensin II content with a significant increase in neurotensin content regardless of arterial hypertension etiology and pathogenesis. The peculiarities of the balance between depressor and pressor substances depend on the etiopathogenetic mechanisms – with the endocrine-salt model of arterial hypertension there is a significant predominance of depressor neuropeptides (in 4.3 times) whereas in essential hypertension this balance is similar to the control. 2. The changes of the NOS isoform ratio in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus are unidirectional, both with endocrine-salt model of arterial hypertension and essential hypertension – the content of eNOS decreases while nNOS and iNOS content increases

Data acquisition system for the MuLan muon lifetime experiment

We describe the data acquisition system for the MuLan muon lifetime experiment at Paul Scherrer Institute. The system was designed to record muon decays at rates up to 1 MHz and acquire data at rates up to 60 MB/sec. The system employed a parallel network of dual-processor machines and repeating acquisition cycles of deadtime-free time segments in order to reach the design goals. The system incorporated a versatile scheme for control and diagnostics and a custom web interface for monitoring experimental conditions.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

Сучасні напрямки створення та удосконалення пробіотиків

The article describes the topical areas of improvement of probiotics, such as: study of the physiology of promising industrial strains in order to select nutrient media for their cultivation;  determination of sorption processes of probiotic bacteria as a general biological process; study of the role of metabolic products and biologically active substances of microbial cells to define the nature of the adhesins and the mechanism of antagonistic activity; development of technology for the manufacture of complex products based on consortia of bacteria with a wide spectrum of antagonistic activity; research and synergistic inhibitory effects of various species and strains of probiotic bacteria; improved methods of control of antagonistic activity of preparations containing viable microbial cells and the development of methods for the determination of living organisms and the development of drugs for the correction of the intestinal microflora is not only, but also other open cavities of the human body.Статья посвящена актуальным направлениям усовершенствования пробиотиков, таким как: исследование физиологии перспективных производственных штаммов бактерий с целью подбора питательных сред для их культивирования; определение процессов сорбции пробиотических бактерий как общебиологического процесса; изучение роли продуктов метаболизма и БАВ микробной клетки для определения природы адгезинов и механизма антагонистической активности;  разработка технологий изготовления комплексных препаратов на основе консорциумов бактерий с широким спектром антагонистической активности; исследование синергического и ингибиторного действия разных видов и штаммов пробиотических бактерий; усовершенствование методов контроля антагонистической активности препаратов,  которые содержат жизнеспособные  микробные клетки и разработка методов их определения; создание препаратов для коррекции микрофлоры не только кишечника, но и других открытых полостей организма человека. Стаття присвячена актуальним напрямкам удосконалення пробіотиків, таким як: дослідження фізіології перспективних виробничих штамів з метою підбору поживних середовищ для їх культивування; визначення процесів сорбції пробіотичних бактерій як загальнобіологічного процесу; вивчення ролі продуктів метаболізму та біологічно активних речовин мікробної клітини для визначення природи адгезинів і механізму антагоністичної активності;  розробка технології виготовлення комплексних препаратів на основі консорціумів бактерій з широким спектром антагоністичної активності; дослідження синергічної та інгібіторної дії різних видів та штамів пробіотичних бактерій; вдосконалення методів контролю антагоністичної активності препаратів, що містять життєздатні мікробні клітини та розробка методів визначення вмісту живих мікроорганізмів; розробка препаратів для корекції мікрофлори не лише кишечнику, а й інших відкритих порожнин організму людини.

Effectiveness of different systems of liquid feeding of piglets for additional growing in the conditions of industrial technology

The article, a comparative analysis of the productivity of piglets during rearing under a liquid feeding system with fodder mixtures, which were mixed in the feed containers of the Hydro Mix Pro feeding system of the Big Dutchmen company and with the help of the portioned feeding system Spotmix II of the Austrian company Schauer, is made. It was found that the preparation and distribution of feed using the Spotmix II portioned feeding system resulted in 1.5 % better piglet survival, 9.6 % higher piglet growth rate during rearing, 9.5 % higher absolute gains during this period, higher by 7.3 % of the weight of animals when transferred to fattening compared to analogs that were raised on liquid feeding with feed mixing in feed tanks. It has been proven that piglets that were prepared, transported, and distributed feed using the Spotmix II system consumed 6.0 % more feed per day, consumed 7.0 % more during the period, the cost of which was 10.6 % higher. Meanwhile, their feed conversion was 2.3 % better, with almost the exact feed cost per kilogram gain. The feeding of piglets in growing-out using the Spotmix II portioned liquid feeding system led to a 10.6 % higher cost of feed, a 22.1 % higher amortization costs for the equipment for feed distribution and animal feeding, a 9.6 % higher cost of the growing-out process of one pig, and its cost price at the end of the growing period is 3.4 times higher. At the same time, such feeding contributed to higher growth energy of animals during rearing, which caused a 7.3 % higher sales price of piglets, a 17.3 % higher profit from the sale of one head, and a 5.2 % higher profitability of rearing piglets compared to liquid feeding using Hydro Mix Pro system with feed mixing in feed tanks

Measurement of the Rate of Muon Capture in Hydrogen Gas and Determination of the Proton's Pseudoscalar Coupling gPg_P

The rate of nuclear muon capture by the proton has been measured using a new experimental technique based on a time projection chamber operating in ultra-clean, deuterium-depleted hydrogen gas at 1 MPa pressure. The capture rate was obtained from the difference between the measured $\mu^-$ disappearance rate in hydrogen and the world average for the $\mu^+$ decay rate. The target's low gas density of 1% compared to liquid hydrogen is key to avoiding uncertainties that arise from the formation of muonic molecules. The capture rate from the hyperfine singlet ground state of the $\mu p$ atom is measured to be $\Lambda_S=725.0 \pm 17.4 s^{-1}$, from which the induced pseudoscalar coupling of the nucleon, $g_P(q^2=-0.88 m_\mu^2)=7.3 \pm 1.1$, is extracted. This result is consistent with theoretical predictions for $g_P$ that are based on the approximate chiral symmetry of QCD.Comment: submitted to Phys.Rev.Let

Measurement of Muon Capture on the Proton to 1% Precision and Determination of the Pseudoscalar Coupling g_P

The MuCap experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute has measured the rate L_S of muon capture from the singlet state of the muonic hydrogen atom to a precision of 1%. A muon beam was stopped in a time projection chamber filled with 10-bar, ultra-pure hydrogen gas. Cylindrical wire chambers and a segmented scintillator barrel detected electrons from muon decay. L_S is determined from the difference between the mu- disappearance rate in hydrogen and the free muon decay rate. The result is based on the analysis of 1.2 10^10 mu- decays, from which we extract the capture rate L_S = (714.9 +- 5.4(stat) +- 5.1(syst)) s^-1 and derive the proton's pseudoscalar coupling g_P(q^2_0 = -0.88 m^2_mu) = 8.06 +- 0.55.Comment: Updated figure 1 and small changes in wording to match published versio