Hardening Tor Hidden Services

Tor is an overlay anonymization network that provides anonymity for clients surfing the web but also allows hosting anonymous services called hidden services. These enable whistleblowers and political activists to express their opinion and resist censorship. Administrating a hidden service is not trivial and requires extensive knowledge because Tor uses a comprehensive protocol and relies on volunteers. Meanwhile, attackers can spend significant resources to decloak them. This thesis aims to improve the security of hidden services by providing practical guidelines and a theoretical architecture. First, vulnerabilities specific to hidden services are analyzed by conducting an academic literature review. To model realistic real-world attackers, court documents are analyzed to determine their procedures. Both literature reviews classify the identified vulnerabilities into general categories. Afterward, a risk assessment process is introduced, and existing risks for hidden services and their operators are determined. The main contributions of this thesis are practical guidelines for hidden service operators and a theoretical architecture. The former provides operators with a good overview of practices to mitigate attacks. The latter is a comprehensive infrastructure that significantly increases the security of hidden services and alleviates problems in the Tor protocol. Afterward, limitations and the transfer into practice are analyzed. Finally, future research possibilities are determined

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BELA NEGARA DI PERBATASAN : STUDI KASUS DI PROVINSI PAPUA

Sejak dimulainya proses integrasi ke wilayah NKRI pada tahun 1963 hingga kini, Papua tidak pernah luput dari konflik vertikal dan horizontal, yang implikasinya antara lain merefleksikan ancaman disintegrasi bangsa yang cukup serius. Berbagai upaya pemerintah di semua aspek kehidupan telah dilaksanakan, namun belum berhasil. Penelitian CDBR (Center for Defence Boundary Research) Unhan (Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia) ini fokus pada implementasi kebijakan bela negara sebagai bagian penting dari kebijakan Kementerian Pertahanan RI, khususnya mengevakuasi cara implementasi yang digunakan. Tujuannya adalah untuk memantapkan nasionalisme Indonesia bagi semua pihak terkait dalam rangka memberikan dukungan terhadap pemecahan berbagai masalah di Papua. Grounded Theory yang digunakan sebagai metode penelitian ini berdasar pada deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, metode ini menghasilkan tiga isu atau tema yaitu: (1) politik NKRI vs politik abolisi; (2) pemberdayaan masyarakat; dan (3) keamanan dan pengamanan perbatasan; Ketiga tema tersebut mencerminkan dua hal: pertama merupakan fenomena yang lebih bernuansa sosial-budaya masyarakat Papua sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan teori antropologi sosial budaya, kedua karena masalah pokok yang diteliti adalah masalah pertahanan, khususnya implementasi kebijakan bela negara, rujukan keilmuan yang lebih tepat adalah pertahanan. Berdasarkan temuan di atas, diperlukan proses sintesis antara ilmu pertahanan yang bernuansa sosial-budaya dan antropologi sosial budaya. Proses analisis dan sintesis di atas melahirkan sebuah teori baru yang disebut "antropologi pertahanan". Artinya, teori tersebut sekaligus menunjukkan cara yang paling tepat untuk mengimplementasikan kebijakan bela negara di Papua. Keywords: Implementasi kebijakan bela negara; masyarakat perbatasan Papua; antropologi pertahanan. Since the beginning of its integration into the Republic of Indonesia in 1963 until now, Papua has never been free from vertical and horizontal conflicts, the implications of which reflect serious threats of disintegration. Various efforts of the Government in all aspects of life have been implemented, but to no avail. CDBR (Center for Defense Boundary Research) of Unhan (Indonesian University of Defense) focuses on the implementation of the state defense policy as an important part of the policy of the Ministry of Defence, in particular in evacuating the method of implementation used. The goal is to strengthen Indonesian nationalism among all parties involved in order to provide support for solving various problems in Papua. Grounded Theory used as a research method is based on a qualitative descriptive analytical approach. Based on the research findings, this method produces three issues or Implementasi Kebijakan Bela Negara di Perbatasan: Studi Kasus di Propinsi Papua Jurnal Sosioteknologi Edisi 29 Tahun 12, Agustus 2013 417 themes, namely: (1) Indonesian homeland politics versus political abolition, (2) society empowerment, and (3) border safety and security. The three themes reflect two things: the first is a phenomenon that has more socio-cultural nuance of the Papuans and thus needs an approach of socio-cultural anthropological theory; the second is that as the subject matter studied is a matter of defense, in particular the implementation of the state defense policy, the more appropriate scientific references are those of defense. Based on the findings, a synthetical process between the science of defense with socio-cultural nuance and socio-cultural anthropology is needed. The analytical and synthetical process above results in a new theory called "Defense Anthropology". It means that the theory also shows the most appropriate way to implement the policy to defend the state in Papua. Keywords: Implementation of policies to defend the state; Papuan communities in the borders; defense anthropology

KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PT BARAMULTI SUKSES SARANA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI PENGUKURAN MALCOM BALDRIGE DALAM RANGKA PENYESUAIAN DI PERUSAHAAN BATUBARA YANG BERKELAS DUNIA DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kinerja PT Baramulti Sukses Sarana Tbk (PT BSSR) dengan menggunakan tujuh kriteria kinerja dari Malcom Baldridge Criteria for Performance Exellence (MBCfPE). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan dilakukan di tiga lokasi perusahaan: Jakarta, Banjarmasin, dan Samarinda. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, wawancara mendalam (indepth interview), dan observasi. Kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan kriteria MBCfPE 2012. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa 1. Secara umum, kinerja perusahaan cukup baik dan sistemik dalam kategori proses ditinjau dari faktor approach and deployment; Dari aspek learning and integration masih terdapat kelemahan; 2. Dari kategori hasil, kinerja perusahaan belum memuaskan. Perusahaan masih berada pada tahapan awal (early stage); 3. Dari kriteria proses, kriteria terlemah berturut-turut adalah kepemimpinan, fokus pada tenaga kerja, dan perencanaan strategis; 4. Skor total kinerja global perusahaan menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan masih berada pada tahapan hasil awal (early result). Kata kunci: kinerja, kriteria, kinerja, proses, output This research aims to study the performance of PT Tbk Baramulti Sarana Sukses (PT BSSR) using seven performance criteria of Malcom Baldridge Criteria for Performance Exellence (MBCfPE). This study used descriptive method, and it was conducted in three corporate locations: Jakarta, Banjarmasin, and Samarinda. The data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews (depth interviews), and observation. The data were analyzed using the criteria MBCfPE 2012. The study found that: 1. In general, performance is quite good and systemic in the category of processes in terms of approach and deployment factors; From the aspect of learning and integration, there is still a weakness; 2. From the category of results, the performance has not been satisfactory. The company is still in the early stages (early stage); 3. Of the criteria, the weakest criterion is leadership succession, focusing on labor, and strategic planning; 4. The total score of the global performance of the company shows that the company is still at the stage of preliminary results (early result). Keywords: performance criteria, performance, process, outpu

Developing parasitic weed control strategies for rainfed rice production environments

Rice is a staple food crop of increasing importance in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production is often hampered by parasitic weed infestations, like Striga asiatica (an obligate parasitic weed) in rainfed uplands, and, more recently, Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (a facultative parasitic weed) in rainfed lowlands. Facultative parasites are able to complete their life cycle without a host plant. Obligate parasites need a host plant and have developed a synchronization mechanism: their seeds will only germinate after sensing root exudates of a host plant. This study partly focussed on farmer perception of the parasitic weed problem. Surveys and workshops with farmers and other stakeholders in three rice growing areas in Tanzania revealed that farmers are aware of the locally occurring parasitic weed species. Even though they know of a wide range of potential control options, they mainly practise hand weeding to control the parasitic weeds. Adoption of other methods is hampered by trade-offs (e.g. crop rotation reduces the area grown with rice; resistant varieties lack the preferred aroma, taste and grain size). Additionally, alternatives are often not available or affordable (e.g. fertilisesr, herbicides), or information on control efficacy under field conditions is simply missing. Based on informal discussions with farmers, altered sowing time, short-duration rice varieties and organic/inorganic fertilisers were selected for field testing. These measures are partially based on knowledge on the ecology of Striga species. In the absence of a suitable host, seeds will go back into a state of secondary dormancy. Delayed sowing might thus be a feasible escape mechanism. As a result of delayed sowing, the rice crop might encounter drought stress during grain filling. For that reason, this measure was tested for three rice varieties with a different maturity time (early, intermediate, late). Use of fertilisers was chosen since parasitic weeds are identified as indicators of poor soil fertility. Several hypotheses for the relation between fertility and the occurrence of parasitic weeds exist. Well-fertilised plants might simply be more vigorous and are generally producing a lower amount of root exudates. In pot experiments this was shown to result in fewer Striga infections, but whether such a reduced infection level will also be observed under field conditions is not known. Furthermore, organic fertilisers and better growing plants will over time result in a higher soil organic matter content. The associated soil microbial life might shorten the life time of the seeds of the parasite, thereby reducing the weed seed bank. Whether these mechanisms are equally effective against the facultative R. fistulosa, is difficult to foresee. All three measures were tested during three to four seasons in both S. asiatica and R. fistulosa infested fields in Kyela district, south-west Tanzania. The trials undertook farmer-participatory evaluation of the suitability of the management options. Striga asiatica number and biomass decreased with a delay in sowing time. This strategy proved most suitable when combined with an improved early-maturing variety, through which drought stress during grain filling could be avoided. Contrastingly, R. fistulosa biomass was increased, and concomitant rice yields decreased with delayed sowing times. Planting rice at the onset of the rainy season resulted in reduced R. fistulosa infection and higher rice grain yields. Clearly, manipulating rice sowing time showed to be an effective strategy to reduce parasitic weed infection and associated yield losses, but the manner in which this strategy should be employed strongly depends on parasitic weed species and ecosystem. Only in years with low parasitic weed infestation levels and in the absence of ordinary weeds, fertilisation with either organic or inorganic soil amendments had a positive effect on rice grain yield. Fertilisation frequently stimulated R. fistulosa infection, and had a modest but inconsistent decreasing effect on S. asiatica. Obviously, the addition of soil amendments, even for a period of four years, is not the silver bullet approach to minimize parasitic weed problems. In a final year, farmer groups selected their own preferred strategies and evaluated them at the end of the cropping season. Sowing time was adjusted according to the earlier findings. The early sowing time under lowland conditions favoured the traditional late maturing rice variety. Under upland conditions, farmers were more impressed with a newly developed, early maturing, resistant rice variety. Organic fertilizers, particularly rice husks, in combination with mineral fertilizers were the preferred soil amendment. The poor access to newly developed varieties, the absence of preferred quality traits in these new varieties and the lack of financial means of smallholder farmers prevent a rapid and wide-spread adoption of most measures. It is argued that it takes a wider effort, including innovations at institutional level, to sustainably solve the parasitic weed problem in rainfed rice.</p

E-Assessments in der Hochschullehre: Chancen und Herausforderungen

Dieser Beitrag stellt die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „SOS – Strukturierung und Optimierung des Selbststudiums“ entwickelten Ansätze zur qualitätsgesicherten Erstellung von E-Assessments vor. Er beleuchtet die Anforderungen an E-Assessments unter verschiedenen Aspekten, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den Möglichkeiten der inhaltlichen Umsetzung von Fragen liegt. Der erste Teil behandelt die Erstellung von qualitätsgesicherten elektronischen Fragen, indem fünf verbreitete Vorurteile zu E-Assessments beschrieben und widerlegt werden. Beispiele aus dem im Rahmen des oben genannten Projektes erstellten „Leitfaden zur Erstellung von elektronischen Fragen und Tests der TH Wildau [FH]“ illustrieren dies. Im zweiten Teil werden praktische Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz von E-Assessments in der Lehre vorgestellt. Dies erfolgt insbesondere unter den Aspekten Einarbeitungsaufwand seitens der Lehrenden, der benötigten personellen Ressourcen sowie der technischen und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen.This article presents an approach for quality assurance of e-assessments that was developed by the research project „SOS – Strukturierung und Optimierung des Selbststudiums“ („Structuring and Improving Self-Studies“). Different requirements for e-assessments are highlighted, emphasising possible implementations in both form and content. The first part deals with the development of electronic questions and focuses on quality demands. Five prevalent misconceptions relating to e-assessments are discussed and refuted. Examples gathered from the „TH Wildau Guidelines for Development of Electronic Questions and Tests“, which were addressed by the above mentioned research project, illustrate the line of reasoning. The second part covers practical experience using e-assessments in teaching at a tertiary institution. In so doing, the focal points address the efforts required by academics to familiarise themselves with the software, the necessary human resources as well as the general technical and organisational conditions to facilitate this

The Effect of Organizational Culture, Personality, Teamwork, Procedural Justice, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Job Tomori Pertamina North Sulawesi

Organizational Citizenship Behavior was a part of the development concept in human resources management. This concept can support an organization’s progress in a positive direction. So the role of OCB becomes very important for the development of the organization. The research was aimed at finding out the information about the effect of organizational culture, personality, teamwork, procedural justice, and organizational citizenship behavior on Job Tomori Pertamina North Sulawesi. A survey was used by involving 250 employees as a sample. There were five instruments for measuring, organizational culture (31 items, rel .705, personality (25 items rel&nbsp; .969), teamwork (36 items rel&nbsp; .635), procedural justice (20 items rel .660), and organizational citizenship behavior (27 items rel .959). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistics for linearity test and path analysis. Organizational citizenship behavior significantly affected directly by organizational culture.&nbsp; Moreover, procedural justice directly significantly affected organizational citizenship behavior. Based on those findings, it can be concluded that it was personality and teamwork only which should be considered if organizational citizenship behavior would be improved. It can be stated that considering those findings, personality and teamwork could not be neglected in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior

Strategi Pertahanan Semesta: Memahami Green and Blue Belt Security dalam Konsep Ekonomi Konstitusi di Kawasan Perbatasan

The concept of green and blue belt security in the framework of the concept of constitutional economy is derived from solving the root of the nation's problems with transdisciplinary methods. That is, this concept is understood as an integral part of the awareness efforts for the state organizers to consistently adhere to the ideological base of Pancasila in the nation and state. On that understanding, the understanding of the framework of the concept of constitutional economy must be put forward than the concept of green and blue belt security itself. Concretely, it must follow a comprehensive flow of understanding in accordance with the structure of the problem. The earliest is the understanding of root-breaking problems related to consistency with the ideological base of Pancasila (this has already been discussed); The next understanding of the "problem stem" is "state / government policy" which can be interpreted as the basis of work with the term "constitutional economy". While the understanding associated with kosep green and blue belt security is an understanding of "state defense strategy" in the border region

Habilidades Lingüísticas de producción escrita desde la modalidad e learning

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general comprender en qué medida la modalidad e-learning promueve el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas para la producción escrita de textos académicos en estudiantes universitarios de los primeros ciclos. Se trató de un estudio de enfoque cualitativo con diseño de estudio de caso. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de entrevista y como instrumento el cuestionario semiestructurado. Se entrevistó a siete docentes y ocho estudiantes cuya información proporcionada fue analizada e interpretada por la investigadora. A partir de esto, se concluyó que, a través de la modalidad e-learning se puede promover el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas para la producción escrita de textos académicos en estudiantes universitarios de los primeros ciclos; de esta manera, también el desarrollo de otras competencias como la expresión oral, la comprensión lectora y el pensamiento crítico creativo