Malaria parasites do respond to heat

The capacity of malaria parasites to respond to changes in their environment at the transcriptional level has been the subject of debate, but recent evidence has unambiguously demonstrated that Plasmodium spp. can produce adaptive transcriptional responses when exposed to some specific types of stress. These include metabolic conditions and febrile temperature. The Plasmodium falciparum protective response to thermal stress is similar to the response in other organisms, but it is regulated by a transcription factor evolutionarily unrelated to the conserved transcription factor that drives the heat shock (HS) response in most eukaryotes. Of the many genes that change expression during HS, only a subset constitutes an authentic response that contributes to parasite survival. © 2022 Elsevier Lt

Fijador externo como tratamiento definitivo de fractura de diáfisis femoral en Enfermedad de Paget

El tratamiento de las fracturas en la enfermedad de Paget presenta dificultades para el cirujano, debido a las características patológicas del hueso en este tipo de pacientes. La opción terapéutica de elección en fracturas de diáfisis femoral es el enclavado endomedular, pero a menudo encontramos en esta enfermedad complicaciones que dificultan la técnica quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con fractura de diáfisis femoral en hueso con características pagéticas, en el que por la estrechez del canal y la dureza de las corticales no fue posible realizar en enclavado endomedular, y se optó por el fijador externo como tratamiento definitivo, con buenos resultados radiográficos y funcionales. Tras el primer año de evolución, observamos una buena consoli - dación ósea en la radiografía, y la paciente deambula sin ayuda.The treatment of fractures in Paget's disease presents difficulties for the surgeon because of the pathological features of bone in these patients. The treatment of choice for femoral shaft fractures is intrame - dullary nailing, but often found in this disease, complications that hinder the surgical technique. We report the case of a patient with femoral shaft fracture in bone with pagetic characteristics, in which because of the narrow canal and the hardness of the cortical, intamedullary nailing was not possible. We opted for the external fixator as definitive treatment, with good radiographic and functional results. After the first year of follow up, we see good bone healing on X-ray and the patient ambulate without help

Nanoscale imaging of buried topological defects with quantitative X-ray magnetic microscopy

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.-- et al.Advances in nanoscale magnetism increasingly require characterization tools providing detailed descriptions of magnetic configurations. Magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy produces element specific magnetic domain images with nanometric lateral resolution in films up to ∼100 nm thick. Here we present an imaging method using the angular dependence of magnetic contrast in a series of high resolution transmission X-ray microscopy images to obtain quantitative descriptions of the magnetization (canting angles relative to surface normal and sense). This method is applied to 55-120 nm thick ferromagnetic NdCo 5 layers (canting angles between 65° and 22°), and to a NdCo 5 film covered with permalloy. Interestingly, permalloy induces a 43° rotation of Co magnetization towards surface normal. Our method allows identifying complex topological defects (merons or 1/2 skyrmions) in a NdCo 5 film that are only partially replicated by the permalloy overlayer. These results open possibilities for the characterization of deeply buried magnetic topological defects, nanostructures and devices.Work supported by Spanish MINECO under grant FIS2013-45469. A. Hierro-Rodriguez acknowledges support from FCT of Portugal (Grant SFRH/BPD/90471/2012). C. Blanco-Roldán thanks support from CSIC JAE Predoc Program.Peer Reviewe

Causes of Morbidity in Wild Raptor Populations Admitted at a Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in Spain from 1995-2007: A Long Term Retrospective Study

Background: Morbidity studies complement the understanding of hazards to raptors by identifying natural or anthropogenic factors. Descriptive epidemiological studies of wildlife have become an important source of information about hazards to wildlife populations. On the other hand, data referenced to the overall wild population could provide a more accurate assessment of the potential impact of the morbidity/mortality causes in populations of wild birds. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study described the morbidity causes of hospitalized wild raptors and their incidence in the wild populations, through a long term retrospective study conducted at a wildlife rehabilitation centre of Catalonia (1995-2007). Importantly, Seasonal Cumulative Incidences (SCI) were calculated considering estimations of the wild population in the region and trend analyses were applied among the different years. A total of 7021 birds were analysed: 7 species of Strigiformes (n = 3521) and 23 of Falconiformes (n = 3500). The main causes of morbidity were trauma (49.5%), mostly in the Falconiformes, and orphaned/young birds (32.2%) mainly in the Strigiformes. During wintering periods, the largest morbidity incidence was observed in Accipiter gentillis due to gunshot wounds and in Tyto alba due to vehicle trauma. Within the breeding season, Falco tinnunculus (orphaned/young category) and Bubo bubo (electrocution and metabolic disorders) represented the most affected species. Cases due to orphaned/young, infectious/parasitic diseases, electrocution and unknown trauma tended to increase among years. By contrast, cases by undetermined cause, vehicle trauma and captivity decreased throughout the study period. Interestingly, gunshot injuries remained constant during the study period. Conclusions/Significance: Frequencies of morbidity causes calculated as the proportion of each cause referred to the total number of admitted cases, allowed a qualitative assessment of hazards for the studied populations. However, cumulative incidences based on estimated wild raptor population provided a more accurate approach to the potential ecological impact of the morbidity causes in the wild populations

Minimising Mortality in Endangered Raptors Due to Power Lines: The Importance of Spatial Aggregation to Optimize the Application of Mitigation Measures

Electrocution by power lines is one of the main causes of non-natural mortality in birds of prey. In an area in central Spain, we surveyed 6304 pylons from 333 power lines to determine electrocution rates, environmental and design factors that may influence electrocution and the efficacy of mitigation measures used to minimise electrocution cases. A total of 952 electrocuted raptors, representing 14 different species, were observed. Electrocuted raptors were concentrated in certain areas and the environmental factors associated with increased electrocution events were: greater numbers of prey animals; greater vegetation cover; and shorter distance to roads. The structural elements associated with electrocutions were shorter strings of insulators, one or more phases over the crossarm, cross-shaped design and pylon function. Of the 952 carcasses found, 148 were eagles, including golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti) and Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata). Electrocuted eagles were clustered in smaller areas than other electrocuted raptors. The factors associated with increased eagle electrocution events were: pylons function, shorter strings of insulators, higher slopes surrounding the pylon, and more numerous potential prey animals. Pylons with increased string of insulators had lower raptor electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, although this technique was unsuccessful for eagles. Pylons with cable insulation showed higher electrocution rates than unimproved pylons, both for raptors and eagles, despite this is the most widely used and recommended mitigation measure in several countries. To optimize the application of mitigation measures, our results recommend the substitution of pin-type insulators to suspended ones and elongating the strings of insulators

Displasia espondiloepifisaria tarda : presentación familiar

Los autores presentan un caso de Displasia Espondiloepifisaria Tarda, de presentación familiar y afectando sólo a las mujeres. Se revisa las principales manifestaciones clínicas y radiográficas. El estudio citogenético revela que se trata de una forma de transmisión diferente a la considerada clásica por la mayoría de autores

Lesiones Agudas del Ligamento Cruzado Posterior

Twenty-nine cases of Acute Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) rupture were collected out of' 251 <..'tlses of Acute Capsule-Ligament knee injuries f'rom 1971 to 1983. The anatomy, function and blood supply are reviewed. Two mechanisms of injury are distinguished. The true significance of the posterior drawer-sign is discussed. Average follow-up was of 4,6 years (range 2-12). Excellent results werw obtained by surgical treatment in isolated lesions and good results in combined lesions

Utilizacion de los implantes de fibra de carbono en las lesiones de ligamentos cruzados de la rodilla

Se presentan18 casos utilizando implantes de libra de carbono en lesiones, de ligamentos cruzados de la rodilla. Indicados sólo en lesiones inveteradas y en agudas localizadas en el tercie medio. El implante presenta adecuadas propiedades mecánicas. buena biocompatibilidad e induce la formación de colágeno. Los resultados obtenidos a los 2 años son excelentes. pero es importante hacer una nueva evaluación a los 5 años