Identifying target audiences on social network sites by analyisng user connections : a social network analysis approach for instagram

Social Network Sites offer users and brands a platform to interact by following each other and liking, commenting and sharing of content. This dissertation demonstrates that brands can leverage on rich data emerging from user-user-, user-brand-, and brand-brand-connections on Instagram to identify, understand and target new prospects. The concept of homophily suggests that users are mainly connected to other users they perceive as similar to themselves and to brands they identify with. Taking these insights into account, this dissertation aims to develop an audience selection approach to identify prospects that are likely to be interest in following a focal brand on Instagram. By extracting real network data from Instagram, users were segmented based on their “follow-relationship” to a set of exemplar brands that share a similar image with the focal brand. Four segments were identified and profiled: True-Brand-Lovers, Fashion Seeker, Hidden Treasures and Intangibles. Additionally, by taking secondary layer effects into account, a targeting experiment was conducted on Instagram to examine whether and to what extent resulted segments can be employed to find highly interested prospects. Findings disclosed that new prospects can especially be found by detecting overlapping followers between brands within the set. Moreover, tendencies were found that new prospects can be detected in the secondary layer of existing followers, especially when their connection to the set is taken into account as well. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that taking users affinity to other entities to account can help brands to define more precisely targeting decisions.As redes sociais oferecem a utilizadores e marcas uma plataforma para que interajam. Esta dissertação demonstra que as marcas podem aproveitar a rich data emergente de interações utilizador-utilizador, utilizador-marca e marca-marca no Instagram, para identificar, perceber e visar potenciais clientes. O conceito de homofilia sugere que utilizadores estão principalmente ligados a outros utilizadores que sejam semelhantes a si mesmos e a marcas com que se identificam. Esta dissertação ambiciona desenvolver uma abordagem de seleção de audiência para identificar novos clientes que poderão ter interesse em seguir uma marca no Instagram. Ao extrair dados reais do Instagram, os utilizadores são segmentados com base na sua “follow-relationship” para determinar um conjunto de marcas que partilham uma imagem semelhante com a marca focal. Quatro segmentos foram identificados e divididos: True-Brand-Lovers, Fashion Seeker, Hidden Treasures e Intangibles. Adicionalmente, ao ter em consideração efeitos de segunda camada, uma experiência de targeting foi conduzida no Instagram para examinar se e em que medida os segmentos resultantes podem ser utilizados para descobrir potenciais clientes altamente interessados. Os resultados indicam que potenciais clientes podem ser encontrados particularmente ao detetar seguidores sobrepostos dentro do grupo. Para além disso, foram encontradas tendências que indiciam que potenciais clientes podem ser detetados na segunda camada de seguidores, especialmente quando a sua conexão ao grupo é levada também em conta. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo sugerem que ter em conta a afinidade dos utilizadores a outras entidades pode ajudar as marcas a definirem com mais precisão as suas decisões de targeting

Anaerobic oxidation of methane in the Concepcion Methane Seep Area, Chilean continental margin

Within subduction zones of active continental margins, large amounts of methane can be mobilized by dewatering processes and transported to the seafloor along migration pathways. A recently discovered seep area located off Concepción (Chile) at water depth between 600 to 1100 mbsl is characterized by active methane vent sites as well as massive carbonates boulders and plates which probably are related to methane seepage in the past. During the SO210 research expedition “Chiflux” (Sept-Oct 2010), sediment from the Concepción Methane Seep Area (CSMA) at the fore arc of the Chilean margin was sampled to study microbial activity related to methane seepage. We sampled surface sediments (0-30cm) from sulfur bacteria mats, as well as clam, pogonophoran, and tubeworm fields with push cores and a TV-guided multicorer system. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and sulfate reduction rates were determined using ex-situ radioisotope tracer techniques. Additionally, porewater chemistry of retrieved cores as well as isotopic composition and age record of surrounding authigenic carbonates were analyzed. The shallowest sulfate-methane-transition zone (SMTZ) was identified at 4 cm sediment depth hinting to locally strong fluid fluxes. However, a lack of Cl- anomalies in porewater profiles indicates a shallow source of these fluids, which is supported by the biogenic origin of the methane (�13C -70h PDB). Sulfide and alkalinity was relatively high (up to 20 mM and 40 mEq, respectively). Rates of AOM and sulfate reduction within this area reached magnitudes typical for seeps with variation between different habitat types, indicating a diverse methane supply, which is affecting the depths of the SMTZ. Rates were highest at sulfur a bacteria mats (20 mmol m-2 d-1) followed by a large field of dead clams, a pogonophoran field, a black sediment spot, and a carbonate rich clam field. Lowest rates (0.2 mmol m-2 d-1) were measured in close vicinity to these hot spots. Abundant massive carbonate blocks and plates hint to a very old seep system with a probably much higher activity in the past. The U-Th age record of these authigenic carbonates reach back to periods of venting activity with more than 150 ka ago. Carbon isotopic signatures of authigenic carbonates (�13C -50 to -40hPDB) suggest a biogenic carbon source (i.e. methane), also in the past. We found several indications for the impact of recent earthquakes within the seep area (cracks, shifted seafloor), which could be an important mechanism for the triggering of new seepage activity, change in fluid expulsion rates and colonization patterns of the cold seep fauna

Surveying the damage: Academic library serial cancellations 1987 through 1990

A longitudinal study of serial cancellations was conducted by analyzing the cancellation lists between 1987 and 1990 from five midwestern libraries of the Association of Research Libraries. The study was designed to test the primary hypothesis that large academic libraries, faced with the same negative impacts on their budgets, are cancelling the same or similar types of serials. This hypothesis was disproved. Results of the study showed that, of 6,503 cancelled titles, only 281 (4 percent) were cancelled at more than one library, resulting in 6,222 (96 percent) unique title cancellations within this survey. Results also provide an overall profile of the at-risk journal. An additional survey of collection development officers gives insight into the cancellation decision-making process. The impact on serial collections in research libraries is also explored

Think globally, act locally - reducing environmental impacts of transport

This paper presents a pragmatic approach for reducing the environmental impacts of transport in the German Federal State Saxony. The aim is to use the potential of pricing measures for effectively reducing environmental impacts of transport. They are combined with less-effective but more accepted non-pricing measures in a policy package. The development of this approach starts with the calculation of the current external costs of transport in the case study area. Second, a policy package reducing these external costs is composed. Third, the development of the external costs is assessed and compared in two scenarios, a BAU-scenario and the policy scenario where measures reducing the environmental impacts of transport are implemented. Fourth, the public and political acceptability of this policy package are investigated. The results show that it is possible to develop a policy package that is effective for reducing the environmental impacts as well as acceptable to the public and politicians. Therefore, such a package approach is suitable to guide future political decisions and actions towards a more sustainable transport sector

How one small step for occupational health management leads to many steps for employees – an experimental field study of incentive designs in a gamified mHealth app

Physical inactivity has become one of the leading health risk factors in today\u27s work environment, and in response, companies show increasing interest in digital health interventions to promote employees\u27 well-being. Tools such as mHealth apps use promising approaches to encourage people to be more physically active, for example, through gamification elements combined with financial incentives. However, there is a lack of research on how these technologies and incentives need to be designed to affect employees\u27 health behaviour positively. Based on prospect theory, this study examines the effect of gamified loss-oriented vs gain-oriented financial incentive systems with identical economic value to promote physical activity of employees. Our experiment\u27s results showed an overall positive effect in increasing employees\u27 physical activity (mean daily step count); more specifically, the advantage of a loss-oriented versus a gain-oriented incentive strategy compared to the control group

Assessment of BSN Student Attitudes Toward Patient Education & Three Patient Education Scenarios

https://fuse.franklin.edu/ss2018/1067/thumbnail.jp

Transient Positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR without Induction of Systemic Immune Responses

SARS-CoV-2 testing is dominated by PCR to guide treatment and individual as well as public health preventive measures. Among 1700 football (soccer) players and staff of the German Bundesliga and Bundesliga 2 who were regularly tested by PCR twice weekly, 98 individuals had a positive PCR (May 2020 to mid-January 2021). A subset of these were retested shortly after the initial positive result. Among those, 11 subjects were identified who only had a transient single positive PCR of low viral load. All individuals were asymptomatic and none developed long COVID. We tested SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA as well as SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4 und CD8 positive T cells, and showed that only one out of 11 individuals developed SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral immunity after the positive PCR, whereas a specific immunity was undetectable in all other individuals. Thus, a single positive PCR might indicate that transient colonization of the upper respiratory tract with SARS-CoV-2 may occur without systemic induction of specific adaptive immunity. Together with test artifacts as another potential reason for a transiently positive test, this finding may favor cautious interpretation of positive PCR results or retesting before initiating intervening treatment or infection control measures in some cases

Inflationary and phase-transitional primordial magnetic fields in galaxy clusters

Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) are possible candidates for explaining the observed magnetic fields in galaxy clusters. Two competing scenarios of primordial magnetogenesis have been discussed in the literature: inflationary and phase-transitional. We study the amplification of both large- and small-scale correlated magnetic fields, corresponding to inflation- and phase transition-generated PMFs, in a massive galaxy cluster. We employ high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic cosmological zoom-in simulations to resolve the turbulent motions in the intracluster medium. We find that the turbulent amplification is more efficient for the large-scale inflationary models, while the phase transition-generated seed fields show moderate growth. The differences between the models are imprinted on the spectral characteristics of the field (such as the amplitude and the shape of the magnetic power spectrum) and therefore on the final correlation length. We find a one order of magnitude difference between the final strengths of the inflation- and phase transition-generated magnetic fields, and a factor of 1.5 difference between their final coherence scales. Thus, the final configuration of the magnetic field retains information about the PMF generation scenarios. Our findings have implications for future extragalactic Faraday rotation surveys with the possibility of distinguishing between different magnetogenesis scenarios.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, comments welcom