Estimators for QST and coalescence times.

Comparisons of QST to FST can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that lead to differentiation, or lack thereof, among the phenotypes of different groups (e.g., populations, species), and these comparisons have been performed on a variety of taxa, including humans. Here, I show that for neutrally evolving (i.e., by genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow alone) quantitative characters, the two commonly used QST estimators have somewhat different interpretations in terms of coalescence times, particularly when the number of groups that have been sampled is small. A similar situation occurs for FST estimators. Consequently, when observations come from only a small number of groups, which is not an unusual situation, it is important to match estimators appropriately when comparing QST to FST

Synthesis, processing and secretion of surfactant proteins B and C

AbstractTwo small, hydrophobic peptides, surfactant protein (SP)-B and SP-C, play important roles in the generation and maintenance of a surface active film in the alveolus. Isolation and characterization of the cDNAs encoding SP-B and SP-C indicate that both peptides are synthesized as larger proproteins which are proteolytically processed to peptides with Mr approx. 8000 and 4000, respectively. The biosynthetic pathway leading to generation and secretion of the biophysically active mature SP-B and SP-C peptides is reviewed

Issues in providing a reliable multicast facility

Issues involved in point-to-multipoint communication are presented and the literature for proposed solutions and approaches surveyed. Particular attention is focused on the ideas and implementations that align with the requirements of the environment of interest. The attributes of multicast receiver groups that might lead to useful classifications, what the functionality of a management scheme should be, and how the group management module can be implemented are examined. The services that multicasting facilities can offer are presented, followed by mechanisms within the communications protocol that implements these services. The metrics of interest when evaluating a reliable multicast facility are identified and applied to four transport layer protocols that incorporate reliable multicast

Rapid Steel Tooling Via Solid Freeform Fabrication

With increasing part complexity and requirements for long production runs, tooling has become an expensive process that requires long lead times to manufacture. This lengthens the amount oftime from "art to part". Rapid tooling via stereolithography (SLA), filled epoxies, etc. have been stopgap measures to produce limited prototyping runs from (10 to 500 parts). This gives poor dimensional analysis and does not allow for limited production runs of 1000+ parts. The method ofproducing prototype tooling with a powdered metal process has been developed that produces tooling with a hardness greater than 35 HRC and total shrinkage less than 0.5%. This tooling process manufactures production ready tooling that will perform extended cycle runs (100,000+). Manufacturing ofthis tooling takes 1 to 2 weeks and will compare favorably with production grade steel tooling. Originals drawn in 3D CAD can be used to prototype the master that will allow for the production ofthe rapid metal tool set. process starts with a rapid prototyped model made by whatever process is desired or a machined master. For this paper a Sander's Model Maker II® rapid prototyping machine was used to fabricate the model. After the model ofthe tool set is made, a silicone rubber negative is cast around that model. After the silicone rubber model is made, a heated slurry ofmetal powders and polymers is poured into the mold to create the green tool set. The tool set is left to cool, and then removed from the silicone rubber mold. The tool set is then debound and sintered to produce a final tool set with properties approaching hardened tool steel.Mechanical Engineerin

Influential Article Review - Resilience in leadership Methodological Structures and Analysis Models

This paper examines leadership and management. We present insights from a highly influential paper. Here are the highlights from this paper: The purpose of this article was to discuss conceptual frameworks and research models on resilience theory. The constructs of resilience, the history of resilience theory, models of resilience, variables of resilience, career resilience, and organizational resilience will be examined and discussed as they relate to leadership development. The literature demonstrates that there is a direct relationship between the stress of the leader’s job and his or her ability to maintain resilience in the face of prolonged contact with adversity. This article discusses resilience theory as it relates to leadership development. The concept associated with resilience, which includes thriving and hardiness, is explored with the belief that resilient leaders are invaluable to the sustainability of an organization. In addition, the constructs of resilience and the history of resilience studies in the field of psychiatry, developmental psychopathy, human development, medicine, epidemiology, and the social sciences are examined. Survival, recovery, and thriving are concepts associated with resilience and describe the stage at which a person may be during or after facing adversity. The concept of “thriving” refers to a person’s ability to go beyond his or her original level of functioning and to grow and function despite repeated exposure to stressful experiences. The literature suggests a number of variables that characterize resilience and thriving. These variables include positive self-esteem, hardiness, strong coping skills, a sense of coherence, self-efficacy, optimism, strong social resources, adaptability, risk-taking, low fear of failure, determination, perseverance, and a high tolerance of uncertainty. These are reviewed in this article. The findings in this article suggest that those who develop leaders need to create safe environments to help emerging and existing leaders thrive as individuals and as organizational leaders in the area of resilience to impact productivity and sustainability. For our overseas readers, we then present the insights from this paper in Spanish, French, Portuguese, and German

Discourses Surrounding Divided Germany

This discourse analysis examines a collection of short stories, entitled Schattensprünge: Geschichten rund um die Berliner Mauer, spanning the period of divided Germany (1949-1989) and the effect of this era on the mentality of the German people, particularly in the areas of politics, religion, society and economics. The separation of the country created a culture of fear, struggle and deceit, separated families, encouraged big government secrecy, and proved that socialism leads to economic catastrophe. Both before the Wall went up in 1961 to the time of its destruction in 1989, the German people were faced with having to rebuild their nation after war and the added strain of a divided country caused more unrest in the nation as a whole. The suffering of divided families caused by the Wall and a culture of distrust created by the Orwellian East German government was contrasted with the economically-flourishing and democratic society of the West. These texts illustrate the magnitude of the Berlin Wall and how it affected the society and culture of the German people. Our analyses of the 19 personal stories and experiences related in this collection reveal how the 40-year division of a Volk affected politics, religion, society and economics in the lives of the authors. These specific examples from regular people illustrate life in Germany on both sides of the Wall

Art in the Time of Cholera

My current body of work focuses on the alteration of personal and cultural identity as a function of the global interchange of technology. I create these testimonial objects and mixed-media environments as a means of recalling events and phenomena which are subject to historical amnesia. In doing so, I visually present layers of our societal belief system. In particular, I present those layers which overlay the human dilemma of admitting to our vulnerability. My desire in this activity is to induce viewers into remembering and forgetting their perceptions regarding how we got where we are; what we may have lost along the way and potentially, where we are need to go.&nbsp; In my work I sometimes reference sculptural form, indigenous construction techniques or symbolic imagery which I have seen in use, during past travels in the Andes, the Upper Amazon Basin, Central America, Mexico, the Himalaya, Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. During these journeys I have attempted to understand the creative object in context, and it's manipulable and tangible nature as a tool of symbolic expression and cultural evidence. My reference to these creative objects has specific intentions with respect to content, the usage of texture and form, visual contrast or in the organization of space. As a by-product of this usage, the process of artmaking from material gathering through end product has evolved into a means of materializing memories from these privileged travels. My artistic 2 process has become a vehicle for the inspiration to gain more insight into the aesthetics and material culture that I have appropriated. I find it critical to my artistic responsibility and development to refine my perspectives, involving the creation, design and use of the nonWestern creative object &nbsp;</p

Adopt-an-Apprentice Teacher: Re-Inventing Early Field Experiences

The goal of this chapter was to explore the impact of a field-centric, grade-band, and subject-area specific field experience model that is linked to corresponding coursework on novice teacher candidates\u27 conceptions of what it means to be a teacher. Grounded in the work of scholars such as Dewey, Piaget, and Vygotsky, this study explores three questions: What aspects of the Adopt-an-Apprentice program do teacher candidates view as beneficial to their understanding of the profession and their development as teachers? What benefits, if any, do classroom teachers derive from hosting teacher candidates in the Adopt-an-Apprentice program? What is the impact of grade band/subject-area field experiences on teacher candidates\u27 conceptions of being a teacher? Using quantitative and qualitative surveys, the study illustrates how coursework linked to authentic application in clinical settings empowered novice teacher candidates to understand and engage content, pedagogy, and standards

Plato on Well-Being

Plato's dialogues use several terms for the concept of well-being, which concept plays a central ethical role as the ultimate goal for action and a central political role as the proper aim for states. But the dialogues also reveal sharp debate about what human well-being is. I argue that they endorse a Socratic conception of well-being as virtuous activity, by considering and rejecting several alternatives, including an ordinary conception that lists a variety of goods, a Protagorean conception that identifies one's well-being with what appears one to be one's well-being, and hedonistic conceptions

Video Installation Design: Appropriation and Assemblage As Projection Surface Geometry

This area of research focuses on the use of video projections in the context of fine art. Emphasis is placed on creating a unique video installation work that incorporates assemblage and appropriation as a means to develop multiple complex geometrical surfaces for video projection. The purpose of this research is to document a working process within a pre-defined set of guidelines that is influenced from my past work and the study of other artist?s prior work. Research includes the demonstration of the entire working process to create this original work and recommendations for future artists who wish to work in this medium