Vocal music a means of religious propaganda

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityWe have endeavored to show that man innately uses music in worship. The primitive African, Figian and American Indian uses each his type of this art to worship. We have looked into China, and Japan to find that in ancestor worship, Bonfucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Shintoism the worshiper sings. We can not picture the sentimental Hindoo speaking all of his prayers, nor the Arab not singing to Mohammed. Classic Greece knew and used the vocal art with her plastic. We have recalled the Old Testament's constant mention of music, have thought of those songs the Christ used to sing, have traced the use of song through the heresies and movements of the mediaeval church, and come to its modern use in Europe and America, including also the Orient where missions takes the art as one of her greatest aids. A list of sacred solos, duets, anthems and responses, Oratorios and Cantatas completes any possible contribution which has been made. These numbers are almost all favorites of those who sing at worship. They have, in part, been sung by the writer, who wishes to testify to their enormous worship value

Loans and Fertilizer Use: The Effect of Timing in Pineapple Production in Southern Ghana

In this study, I explore if the timing of credit in the pineapple production cycle affects fertilizer use at the first crucial application period in Southern Ghana. Using unique survey data collected at six-week intervals, results of Probit and Tobit models suggest that total credit has no effect on fertilizer use, but an additional dollar of credit specifically during the time of interest significantly increases the probability of fertilizer use by 0.138% and the amount of fertilizer by 0.797%. Findings suggest that credit should be targeted during agronomically important periods for input use in order to maximize the effect of credit

Longitudinal assessment of body image disturbances in patients with bulimia nervosa submitted to multidisciplinary treatment

OBJETIVO: Aumentar a compreensão sobre os distúrbios da imagem corporal em pacientes com bulimia nervosa e sua evolução após o tratamento multidisciplinar. MÉTODOS: Onze mulheres responderam dois questionários de imagem corporal (Body Attitudes Questionnaire e Escala de Figuras de Stunkard) antes e após o tratamento e preencheram o diário alimentar, utilizado para a análise de sintomas de bulimia nervosa. RESULTADOS: Tanto no pré quanto no pós-tratamento o índice de massa corporal médio se encontrava na faixa de eutrofia. Cerca de 57,0% da amostra teve remissão total dos sintomas de bulimia nervosa. Em relação à imagem corporal, na escala de Stunkard, o tamanho da figura escolhida como ideal aumentou e houve redução da insatisfação corporal após o tratamento. Não houve redução significativa da superestimativa do tamanho corporal, porém no início do tratamento 57,1% das pacientes já não superestimavam seu tamanho. Em relação ao questionário de atitudes, notou-se diminuição das seguintes variáveis: depreciação corporal; sentir-se gorda; sensação de ter gordura nos membros inferiores e importância pessoal do corpo. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento foi eficaz em alguns aspectos atitudinais, porém deve ser aprimorado em outros, como a distorção perceptual.OBJECTIVE: Increase the comprehension of body image disturbances in patients with bulimia nervosa and its evolution after treatment, multidisciplinary. METHODS: Eleven women answered two body image questionnaires (Body Attitudes Questionnaire and Stunkard's Figure Scale) before and after treatment and filled a food diary used to analyze the frequency of bulimia nervosa symptoms. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was found at normal weight category before and after treatment. Approximately 57.0% of the sample had total remission of bulimia nervosa symptoms. In relation to body image based on Stunkard's scale, the size of the figure chosen as ideal increased and body dissatisfaction decreased after treatment. There was no significant reduction in the overestimation of body size, but at the beginning of the treatment 57,1% of the patients did not overestimate their sizes already. Regarding the questionnaire of attitudes, the following variables had a significant decrease: body depreciation, feeling fat, sensation of having lower body fatness and body self-importance. DISCUSSION: The treatment was effective in some attitudinal aspects, but should be improved in regard to others, such as perceptual distortion.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Pollen Clumping and Release Mechanisms in Wind Pollinated Plants

Wind pollinated (anemophilous) angiosperm lineages have often converged independently on floral traits; the syndrome of traits presumably reflecting adaptation to more efficient pollen transport by wind and capture by receptive surfaces. One often-cited trait differentiating anemophiles from zoophiles is the cohesion of pollen grains into clumps, with greater clumping expected among the latter. Further, the mechanism by which grains are released remains underexplored. This thesis examines (1) whether pollen clumping can be used diagnostically to determine the vector, and (2) the hypothesis that resonance vibration of stamens in wind gusts is a mechanism of pollen release. Pollen clumping was studied intraspecifically in the wind pollinated Plantago lanceolata and interspecifically across 23 anemophilous and zoophilous species. Mean clump size was found to be well-distinguished species by vector, and the lognormal distribution was a reasonable characterization of clump size for the majority of the species examined. The stamens of P. lanceolata were manipulated in the laboratory and observed in the field to characterize their dynamic response to vibration. Stamens had elastic properties corresponding to modeling as underdamped cantilever beams and to theoretical ranges predicted to initiate resonance vibration in wind gusts. Pollen was released in multiple discrete bursts from resonating stamens with successively greater energy requirements. In the field, pollen release was observed from a resonating stamen. Understanding the function of stamen properties is crucial for developing an evolutionary theory of anemophily and modeling the wind pollination process. This study demonstrates that anemophilous stamens have distinct, quantifiable physical properties differentiating from stamens evolved for other mating systems

The use of automated real-time feedback devices to improve quality during CPR training and real CPR performance: a systematic review

High quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is imperative to improve patient outcome after a cardiac arrest. However, it has been demonstrated that CPR quality is normally of suboptimal quality in both real-life resuscitation attempts or simulated training. Automated real-time feedback (ARTF) devices have been considered a potential tool to improve the quality of CPR and maximise retention of the skills. Although previous studies have supported the usefulness of such devices during training, others have conflicting conclusions with regards to its efficacy during real-life CPR. This systematic review of the literature aims to assess the effectiveness of ARTF for improving CPR performance during simulated training and real-life resuscitation in the adult and paediatric population. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines [1], articles published between January 2010 and November 2019 were searched from 7 electronic databases (SCIELO, LILACS, BVS, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, Cinahl, Google Scholar) and reviewed according to the pre-defined eligibility criteria. CPR performance quality was assessed based on guideline compliance for chest compression rate, chest compression depth and complete chest recoil. 871 studies were found and 32 studies met inclusion criteria. 14 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 08 randomised trials (RTs) and 10 randomised cross-over trials (RCOTs). Each study used ARTF devices during CPR training or real CPR to analyse the performance of healthcare professionals for paediatric or adult population. According to the studies, the use of ARTF devices enhances CPR performance in terms of achieving the recommended chest compression rate, depth and recoil. Based on the results of the studies analysed in this review, the use of ARTF can significantly help improve CPR performance during training of healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to reach the same conclusion for real-life CPR