Kajian Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan dan Peraturan Perundangundangan Lain Terkait Hak Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Keluarga Berencana (Review Of Law No. 36 Year 2009 Concerning The Regulation Of Health And Other Legislation Related To Re

Background: Law No. 36 in the year of 2009 consists of reproductive health and family planning has been exist. Thestudy is aimed to elucidate the regulation on human right issues. Method: It was an applied study to obtain operationalprogram and review of relevant law and regulation. Data were collected by observation and interviews with offi cials offamily planning services in primary health centers in Malang Municipality, East Java Province and Sampit District, Centerof Kalimantan. Discussions with stakeholders to review the Law No. 36 of 2009 associated with results of the issues.Results: It concludes that health service performed at family planning clinic still did not meet quality of services as expected,specially providing information and counseling contains the patient rights on reproductive health and family planning (therights and obligations of governments, local governments, health professionals and other skilled personnel and community participants of Family Planning), article 71, 72, 73, 74, 78 in Law 36 years of Health in 2009. Conclusions: The formulation of regulations to Law No. 36 of Health and other relevant government regulations on reproductive health and family planning is ideal, but the application still has not fully complied. Recommendations: Health service quality should be improved to provide counseling services in addition to enhance awareness about the rights and obligations to health personels and clients by socialization the Law 36 of 2009. Furthermore, it suggests to reevaluate the Health Act after a period of 5 yearto assess the effectiveness of implementation in the next 3 years with the expectations the family planning program hasbeen socialized in accordance with Law No. 36 of 2009 to providers and clients

SUPERVISING MICROWAVE TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH THE REALEX EXPERT SYSTEM SHELL

To effectively supervise a telecommunication network, an intelligent supervisory system is proposed consisting of a traditional process monitoring. a fault diagnostic, a communication handler and a database manager subsystem. The whole system is based on a generic expert system shell designed to operate in industrial environment. The diagnostic subsystem contains a two-level inference engine to operate on structural information and traditional if-then rules. To ensure easy mapping of the supervisory system to any telecommunication network a configuration environment consisting of several compilers integrated into a multi-window editor was also developed. The system was implemented on two interconnected IBM PC-s running MS WINDOWS 3.0

Thermodynamics of Heat Shock Response

Production of heat shock proteins are induced when a living cell is exposed to a rise in temperature. The heat shock response of protein DnaK synthesis in E.coli for temperature shifts from temperature T to T plus 7 degrees, respectively to T minus 7 degrees is measured as function of the initial temperature T. We observe a reversed heat shock at low T. The magnitude of the shock increases when one increase the distance to the temperature $T_0 \approx 23^o$, thereby mimicking the non monotous stability of proteins at low temperature. Further we found that the variation of the heat shock with T quantitatively follows the thermodynamic stability of proteins with temperature. This suggest that stability related to hot as well as cold unfolding of proteins is directly implemented in the biological control of protein folding. We demonstrate that such an implementation is possible in a minimalistic chemical network.Comment: To be published in Physical Review Letter

Political Regimes and Sovereign Credit Risk in Europe, 1750-1913

This article uses a new panel data set to perform a statistical analysis of political regimes and sovereign credit risk in Europe from 1750 to 1913. Old Regime polities typically suffered from fiscal fragmentation and absolutist rule. By the start of World War I, however, many such countries had centralized institutions and limited government. Panel regressions indicate that centralized and?or limited regimes were associated with significant improvements in credit risk relative to fragmented and absolutist ones. Structural break tests also reveal close relationships between major turning points in yield series and political transformations

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring has distinct clinicopathologic features: a GELA study

Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) arising in specific extranodal sites have peculiar clinicopathologic features. Patients and methods We analyzed a cohort of 187 primary Waldeyer's ring (WR) DLBCLs retrieved from GELA protocols using anthracyclin-based polychemotherapy. Results Most patients (92%) had stage I-II disease. A germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) immunophenotype was observed in 61%, and BCL2 expression in 55%, of WR DLBCLs. BCL2, BCL6, IRF4 and MYC breakpoints were observed in, respectively, 3 of 42 (7%), 9 of 36 (25%), 2 of 26 (8%) and 4 of 40 (10%) contributive cases. A variable follicular pattern was evidenced in 30 of 68 (44%) large biopsy specimens. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) of 153 WR DLBCL patients with survival information were 69.5% and 77.8%, respectively. The GCB immunophenotype correlated with a better OS (P=0.0015), while BCL2 expression predicted a worse OS (P=0.037), an effect overcome by the GCB/non-GCB classification. Compared with matched nodal DLBCLs, WR DLBCLs with no age-adjusted international prognostic index factor disclosed a better 5-year PFS rate (77.5% versus 70.7%; P=0.03). Conclusions WR DLBCLs display distinct clinicopathologic features compared with conventional DLBCLs, with usual localized-stage disease, common follicular features and a high frequency of GCB immunophenotype contrasting with a low rate of BCL2 rearrangements. In addition, they seem to be associated with a better outcome than their nodal counterpar