Representations of the refugee crisis in the Russian media

The current refugee crisis in the European Union already represents the largest movement of people that Europe has seen since the end of the Second World War. It is impossible to ignore the role of journalism in influencing public opinion and the elite’s political attitude towards asylees and immigrants. Media can set agendas, frame debates, facilitate decision-making process, and provide real-time information on ethnic relations. The Russian media also takes part in shaping public opinion and raising public awareness towards the refugee crisis in Europe. The objective of this study is to establish what is being written about the refugee crisis in Russian print media – what are the discourse narratives, including frames, of refugees and the refugee crisis in the Russian media. The central research question is - How do Russian quality newspapers portray refugee crisis in Europe? Answering the main research question, the method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of media text will be applied. Theoretical and methodological frames of this research are predominantly based on Teun A. van Dijk’s earlier works on discourse. The analysis is based on the assumption that the closer a newspaper’s affiliation appears to governmental structures, the more the narrative reflects the ownership structures; while when the media appears further from the governmental structures the explanatory power of ownership declines, and the relative power of editorial position and specialization increases. For the purpose of this research four Russian major daily nation-wide quality broadsheet newspapers – Kommersant, Vedomosti, Novaya Gazeta, and Rossiyskaya Gazeta – are selected. Newspapers are analysed based on the content of their websites on the topics regarding refugee crisis in Europe, during January 2016 — December 2016, which comprises of 148 articles in total. Within the discourses of four analysed newspapers, there are seven most common frames of refugees that are highlighted during the analysis: Refugees as a source of crimes and terrorism, Refugees as a threat for the social stability and political security, Refugees are not welcomed in Russia, Refugees as victims, Refugees are not welcomed in Europe, Helping refugees, Struggling refugees, Refugees as illegal immigrants, Refugees as abusers of the international law. Despite multiple similarities, each of the analysed newspapers dealt with the refugee crisis issues differently which reflects in the frequency of publications, utilization of the information sources, and emphasis on different ideas within the narratives. In light of the outcomes of this thesis, further research can focus on exam of similarities and differences in refugee discourses of different types of Russian media; what kind of visual and linguistic technics and approaches have been utilized in order to create certain framing patterns. Further research may also be directed at the exploration of impact of the media discourse of refugee crisis on the audience.http://www.ester.ee/record=b4684432*es

Approach to comprehensive analysis of bastion castle ensemble with historic gardens: novel combined strategy

[EN] Bastion castle ensemble is a complex structure that belongs to defensive residences, which usually include the historic gardens and play an important role in the formation of the townscape. The two main structural components of such built complexes are palatial body and bastion fortifications. However, some bigger ensembles can also include other functional buildings. Due to the nature of the structure, namely the presence of defensive elements, which followed military development, many bastion castles underwent huge transformations. They were built and rebuilt because of the outdated design or destruction by the enemy. That is why studying such ensembles only from a historical perspective or analyzing only their fortification part is not enough to understand the whole complex, which is much more than a single-type building. In contrast, this paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach to studying bastion castles on the example of a bastion castle in Zheshov (Poland). Specifically, this paper uses a combined strategy that includes interpretative historical and qualitative-computational strategies as a systematic and comprehensive approach to the research. This strategy consists of seven points of analysis: historical transformations, composition, situation, landscape, fortifications, typomorphology, and space syntax. This work represents a methodological framework that can be used for the analysis of any bastion castle ensemble in the world.These are the methodological approach representation that is planned to be used in the project: “Jacques Perret Influence on Defensive Polish Architecture in the 17th Century”. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 847639.Tikhonova, O. (2022). Approach to comprehensive analysis of bastion castle ensemble with historic gardens: novel combined strategy. VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability. 7(2):20-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/vitruvioijats.2022.1882120337

A Synchronisation Facility for a Stream Processing Coordination Language

In this thesis we present the AstraKahn project that aims to provide environment for stream processing applications with an automatic resource and concurrency management based on communication demand. At the moment the work on the thesis started, the project was at an early stage and there existed no software implementation. The aim of my work is to implement a stream synchronisation facility called synchroniser which is a part of the AstraKahn concept. Synchronisers are programmed in a dedicated language. The thesis focuses on the implementation of the language compiler to be integrated into the runtime system prototype being developed in parallel. AstraKahn structures streaming networks using a xed set of wiring patterns, including the serial replication. This pattern dynamically replicates its operand network conceptually in nitely many times and wires the replicas in a chain. AstraKahn provides an approach to extract messages from the chain based on the concept of xed point. The thesis explores the role of synchronisers in forming from a serial replication pipeline

The features of scientist’s lingual identity as representative of Russian cosmism discourse

This article contains information about the lingual identity of the representative of the Russian cosmism. The analysis of the three levels of the structure of lingual identity is making: verbal and semantic level, lingual and cognitive level, motivational levels of lingual identity

AUTHENTICITY CRITERIA IN CASTLES OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK REGION

1- The information about castles can change during the time passing. It is important to verify what is authentic in the castles that are under research. 2-The author, based on the case studies about castles and after analyzing the best practices in Europe explores the verification of authenticity and define the fundamental criteria in conservation. Base of the found materials about castles in Ivano- Frankivsk region and taking into consideration the different interdisciplinary views on Conservation create a systematization of detected objects in Ivano – Frankivsk region by the time of their occurrence and the architectural and typological characteristics. It can help to define the authenticity criteria for Conservation of Castles in this area. 3- This criteria can help to define the method of preservation for each castle that was under this investigation. And set the authenticity criteria for Conservation of Castles in this region

Bright squeezed vacuum in a nonlinear interferometer: frequency/temporal Schmidt-mode description

Control over the spectral properties of the bright squeezed vacuum (BSV), a highly multimode non-classical macroscopic state of light that can be generated through high-gain parametric down conversion, is crucial for many applications. In particular, in several recent experiments BSV is generated in a strongly pumped SU(1,1) interferometer to achieve phase supersensitivity, perform broadband homodyne detection, or tailor the frequency spectrum of squeezed light. In this work, we present an analytical approach to the theoretical description of BSV in the frequency domain based on the Bloch-Messiah reduction and the Schmidt-mode formalism. As a special case we consider a strongly pumped SU(1,1) interferometer. We show that different moments of the radiation at its output depend on the phase, dispersion and the parametric gain in a nontrivial way, thereby providing additional insights on the capabilities of nonlinear interferometers. In particular, a dramatic change in the spectrum occurs as the parametric gain increases

История правовых норм: правовой плюрализм и коммуникативные теории права

1) The article is about the legal pluralism as an ideological source of communicative law theories. 2) Methods. The author uses communication approach. 3) Results of research. The author considers, that communicative law theories in the short term will create independent broad legal thinking(a legal kommunikativizm). It will be capable to consider achievements of legal positivism in the description and designing of state law and to record normative system modern society in all richness of its variety taken in its entirety. Communicative law theories overcome restrictions of legal pluralism and to meet the case of “theories of the average level”. They are capable to provide the application of the modern social theory, its integration into the state and law theory. Law interpretation as regulatory communicative system provides integrity of understanding of the legal development. 4) Conclusions. Communicative law theories are applicable for reflection of modern stategenesis dynamics and system transformations of a positive law in the conditions of information society. However their heuristic potential is darkened by discussions about the legal pluralism. The author concludes that now discussion about possibility of existence of the non-state law removes a problem of unity of normative systems on a background. В статье рассматривается правовой плюрализм как идейный источник коммуникативных теорий права. Автор считает, что коммуникативные теории права в ближайшей перспективе сформируют самостоятельное широкое правопонимание (правовой коммуникативизм), которое способно, не отменяя достижений юридического позитивизма в описании и конструировании государственного права, зафиксировать нормативную систему современного обществa во всем богатстве ее разнообразия как единое целое. Коммуникативные теории права преодолевают ограничения правового плюрализма и отвечают критериям «теорий среднего уровня», так как пригодны для обеспечения прикладного применения современной социальной теории, ее интеграцию в теорию государства и права. Интерпретация права как регулятивной коммуникативной системы обеспечивает целостность понимания правового развития. Коммуникативные теории права применимы для отражения динамики современного государствогенеза и системных трансформаций позитивного права в условиях информационного общества, применения информационно-коммуникационных технологий для государственного строительства. Но пока их эвристический потенциал затемняют дискуссии о правовом плюрализме, положения которого еще не обрели законченную и общепризнанную форму. Автор приходит к выводу, что дискуссия о возможности существования негосударственного права пока отодвигает на задний план проблему единства нормативных систем