Electronic band structure of single-crystal and single-layer WS₂: Influence of interlayer van der Waals interactions

The valence band structure of the layered transition metal dichalcogenide WS₂ has been determined experimentally by angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretically by augmented spherical wave band structure calculations as based on density functional theory. Good agreement between experimental and calculated band structure is observed for single crystal WS₂. An experimental band structure of a single layer was determined from an electronically decoupled film prepared on a single crystalline graphite substrate by metal-organic van der Waals epitaxy. The polarization dependent photoemission selection rules of the single layer film are appropriate for a free standing film. The experimental single layer band structure shows some differences compared to band structure calculations using bulk atomic positions within the layer. We conclude that relaxation of the single layer occurs as a consequence of the missing interlayer interactions leading to close agreement between electronic structure of the single layer and single crystal. As a consequence of the missing interlayer interactions the valence band maximum for the single layer is located at the K point of the Brillouin zone

Systemic treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer : controversies and perspectives

Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receive first-line therapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapies in case of tumors with driver mutations, and more recently also immune checkpoint inhibitors. Important controversies include the role of targeted therapies in combination with chemotherapy, optimal sequencing of treatments, treatment guidance by means of predictive biomarkers, and value-based judgements of treatments.(VLID)366405

An Expeditious Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of the Antibiotic Platensimycin

A short enantioselective and protecting group free access to the novel antibiotic platensimycin is reported. The crucial stereogenic information is provided by iridium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation

Electronic band structure of single-crystal and single-layer WS2: Influence of interlayer van der Waals interactions

Electronic band structure of single crystal and single layer WS2 : influence of interlayer van der Waals-interactions / V. Eyert ... – In: Physical review. B. 64. 2001. 20541

Pesticide seed dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition of plant material

Background: Seed dressing with pesticides is widely used to protect crop seeds from pest insects and fungal diseases. While there is mounting evidence that especially neonicotinoid seed dressings detrimentally affect insect pollinators, surprisingly little is known on potential side effects on soil biota. We hypothesized that soil organisms would be particularly susceptible to pesticide seed dressings as they get in direct contact with these chemicals. Using microcosms with field soil we investigated, whether seeds treated either with neonicotinoid insecticides or fungicides influence the activity and interaction of earthworms, collembola, protozoa and microorganisms. The full-factorial design consisted of the factor Seed dressing (control vs. insecticide vs. fungicide), Earthworm (no earthworms vs. addition Lumbricus terrestris L.) and collembola (no collembola vs. addition Sinella curviseta Brook). We used commercially available wheat seed material (Triticum aesticum L. cf. Lukullus) at a recommended seeding density of 367 m(-2). Results: Seed dressings (particularly fungicides) increased collembola surface activity, increased the number of protozoa and reduced plant decomposition rate but did not affect earthworm activity. Seed dressings had no influence on wheat growth. Earthworms interactively affected the influence of seed dressings on collembola activity, whereas collembola increased earthworm surface activity but reduced soil basal respiration. Earthworms also decreased wheat growth, reduced soil basal respiration and microbial biomass but increased soil water content and electrical conductivity. Conclusions: The reported non-target effects of seed dressings and their interactions with soil organisms are remarkable because they were observed after a one-time application of only 18 pesticide treated seeds per experimental pot. Because of the increasing use of seed dressing in agriculture and the fundamental role of soil organisms in agro-ecosystems these ecological interactions should receive more attention

Performing marginal space: film, topology and the Petite Ceinture in Paris

Urban scholars have long accepted that analysing and understanding urban realities involves many routes: from the repertoire associated with social scientific urban studies to the more essayistic, figurative approaches allied with the work of Walter Benjamin, knowledge about cities, their environments and people has benefitted from an immersion into a rather eclectic set of epistemic practices and cultures. The present paper aims to add to these by making use of performance-related materials to analyse a disused and marginal urban space in the city of Paris, France. It argues for the recognition and publication of key nuances, performances and practices which add greatly to our understanding of such spaces. In particular, the paper employs documented performances to analyse concrete spatial configurations and vice-versa; even more specifically, we will focus on the Chemin de fer de petite ceinture, a presently disused ring railway line encircling Paris inside the 20 arrondissements that have become, since 1860, the geographical frame for the administration of the French capital. Or rather, we focus on the space vacated by former railway-related uses in an attempt to understand better the relationship between marginal and central spaces, between spaces that function and spaces that do not or no longer have an identifiable purpose within the transformative economy of the modern city.NUI Galway and a Directeur d\u27Etudes Associé grant awarded by the Maison des Sciences de l’Homme in the spring of 2012 (both awarded to Ulf Strohmayer)

Comparison of several von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity assays for monitoring patients undergoing treatment with VWF/FVIII concentrates: improved performance with a new modified automated method.

The ability of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to bind platelet GP Ib and promote platelet plug formation is measured in vitro using the ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) assay. Automated assay systems make testing more accessible for diagnosis, but do not necessarily improve sensitivity and accuracy