The analysis of organizational and managerial innovations in the recruitment and personnel screening system in LLC “Gazprom transgaz Tomsk”

Актуальность данной работы связана с инновационным подходом в системе подбора и отбора персонала. В условиях рыночной экономики качество персонала стало главнейшим фактором, определяющим выживание и экономическое положение организаций в России. Качественный подбор новых работников не только призван обеспечить режим нормального функционирования, но и закладывает фундамент будущего успеха организации. Цель работы: провести анализ организационно‐ управленческих инноваций в системе подбора и отбора персонала в ООО «Газпром трансгаз Томск». Методы исследования: монографический - для изучения литературы по рассматриваемой проблеме; опрос - беседа с психологом предприятия с целью получения необходимой информации по данной теме; теоретический анализ - идентификация и обзор отдельных особенностей, характерных для рассматриваемой системы под‐ бора персонала; гипотетический метод - разработка рекомендаций для предмета исследования. Результаты. Проведен анализ организационно‐управленческих инноваций в системе отбора и под‐ бора персонала в ООО "Газпром трансгаз Томск", определен перечень личностных качеств, при поступлении на должность в компанию, проанализированы этапы подбора персонала.The relevance of the work is related to the innovative approach in the recruitment and personnel screening system. In the conditions of market economy, the quality of staff became the major factor, which determines survival and economic situation of the organizations in Russia. Qualitative recruitment provides the mode of normal functioning of the organization and lays the foundation for future success. The main aim of the study is to analyse organizational and managerial innovations in the recruitment and personnel system in LLC “Gazprom transgaz Tomsk”. Methods. Monographic method was used for studying the literature on the problem; interview was used for conversation with the psychologist of the organization to get necessary information on the subject; theoretical analysis was used to identify and review the individual signs of the re‐ cruitment system; hypothetical method was used to develop recommendations for studying the subject. Results. The authors have analyzed the stages of staff recruitment, organizational and managerial innovations in the personnel recruitment system in LLC “Gazprom transgaz Tomsk” and determined the list of personal qualities in case of employment in the company

Kin recognition in a clonal fish, Poecilia formosa

Relatedness strongly influences social behaviors in a wide variety of species. For most species, the highest typical degree of relatedness is between full siblings with 50% shared genes. However, this is poorly understood in species with unusually high relatedness between individuals: clonal organisms. Although there has been some investigation into clonal invertebrates and yeast, nothing is known about kin selection in clonal vertebrates. We show that a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), can distinguish between different clonal lineages, associating with genetically identical, sister clones, and use multiple sensory modalities. Also, they scale their aggressive behaviors according to the relatedness to other females: they are more aggressive to non-related clones. Our results demonstrate that even in species with very small genetic differences between individuals, kin recognition can be adaptive. Their discriminatory abilities and regulation of costly behaviors provides a powerful example of natural selection in species with limited genetic diversity.Funding was provided by an Adams Memorial Scholarship, Robberson Research Grant, Graduate Student Senate Research Grant, L.G. Hill Award, Eddie Carol Smith Scholarship, GAANN fellowship (AMM), and an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Award (IS).Ye

Locally adapted fish populations maintain small-scale genetic differentiation despite perturbation by a catastrophic flood event

Background: Local adaptation to divergent environmental conditions can promote population genetic differentiation even in the absence of geographic barriers and hence, lead to speciation. Perturbations by catastrophic events, however, can distort such parapatric ecological speciation processes. Here, we asked whether an exceptionally strong flood led to homogenization of gene pools among locally adapted populations of the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae) in the Cueva del Azufre system in southern Mexico, where two strong environmental selection factors (darkness within caves and/or presence of toxic H2S in sulfidic springs) drive the diversification of P. mexicana. Nine nuclear microsatellites as well as heritable female life history traits (both as a proxy for quantitative genetics and for trait divergence) were used as markers to compare genetic differentiation, genetic diversity, and especially population mixing (immigration and emigration) before and after the flood. Results: Habitat type (i.e., non-sulfidic surface, sulfidic surface, or sulfidic cave), but not geographic distance was the major predictor of genetic differentiation. Before and after the flood, each habitat type harbored a genetically distinct population. Only a weak signal of individual dislocation among ecologically divergent habitat types was uncovered (with the exception of slightly increased dislocation from the Cueva del Azufre into the sulfidic creek, El Azufre). By contrast, several lines of evidence are indicative of increased flood-induced dislocation within the same habitat type, e.g., between different cave chambers of the Cueva del Azufre. Conclusions: The virtual absence of individual dislocation among ecologically different habitat types indicates strong natural selection against migrants. Thus, our current study exemplifies that ecological speciation in this and other systems, in which extreme environmental factors drive speciation, may be little affected by temporary perturbations, as adaptations to physico-chemical stressors may directly affect the survival probability in divergent habitat types

Male size, not female preferences influence female reproductive success in a poeciliid fish (Poecilia latipinna): a combined behavioural/genetic approach

Abstract Objective We investigated the potential role of indirect benefits for female mate preferences in a highly promiscuous species of live-bearing fishes, the sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna using an integrative approach that combines methods from animal behavior, life-history evolution, and genetics. Males of this species solely contribute sperm for reproduction, and consequently females do not receive any direct benefits. Despite this, females typically show clear mate preferences. It has been suggested that females can increase their reproductive success through indirect benefits from choosing males of higher quality. Results Although preferences for large body size have been recorded as an honest signal for genetic quality, this particular study resulted in female preference being unaffected by male body size. Nonetheless, larger males did sire more offspring, but with no effect on offspring quality. This study presents a methodical innovation by combining preference testing with life history measurements—such as the determination of the dry weight of fish embryos—and paternity analyses on single fish embryos

Allele-specific expression at the androgen receptor alpha gene in a hybrid unisexual fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa).

The all-female Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is the result of a hybridization of the Atlantic molly (P. mexicana) and the sailfin molly (P. latipinna) approximately 120,000 years ago. As a gynogenetic species, P. formosa needs to copulate with heterospecific males including males from one of its bisexual ancestral species. However, the sperm only triggers embryogenesis of the diploid eggs. The genetic information of the sperm donor typically will not contribute to the next generation of P. formosa. Hence, P. formosa possesses generally one allele from each of its ancestral species at any genetic locus. This raises the question whether both ancestral alleles are equally expressed in P. formosa. Allele-specific expression (ASE) has been previously assessed in various organisms, e.g., human and fish, and ASE was found to be important in the context of phenotypic variability and disease. In this study, we utilized Real-Time PCR techniques to estimate ASE of the androgen receptor alpha (arα) gene in several distinct tissues of Amazon mollies. We found an allelic bias favoring the maternal ancestor (P. mexicana) allele in ovarian tissue. This allelic bias was not observed in the gill or the brain tissue. Sequencing of the promoter regions of both alleles revealed an association between an Indel in a known CpG island and differential expression. Future studies may reveal whether our observed cis-regulatory divergence is caused by an ovary-specific trans-regulatory element, preferentially activating the allele of the maternal ancestor

The gonadal transcriptome of the unisexual Amazon molly Poecilia formosa in comparison to its sexual ancestors, Poecilia mexicana and Poecilia latipinna

Abstract Background The unisexual Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) originated from a hybridization between two sexual species, the sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) and the Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana). The Amazon molly reproduces clonally via sperm-dependent parthenogenesis (gynogenesis), in which the sperm of closely related species triggers embryogenesis of the apomictic oocytes, but typically does not contribute genetic material to the next generation. We compare for the first time the gonadal transcriptome of the Amazon molly to those of both ancestral species, P. mexicana and P. latipinna. Results We sequenced the gonadal transcriptomes of the P. formosa and its parental species P. mexicana and P. latipinna using Illumina RNA-sequencing techniques (paired-end, 100 bp). De novo assembly of about 50 million raw read pairs for each species was performed using Trinity, yielding 106,922 transcripts for P. formosa, 115,175 for P. latipinna, and 133,025 for P. mexicana after eliminating contaminations. On the basis of sequence similarity comparisons to other teleost species and the UniProt databases, functional annotation, and differential expression analysis, we demonstrate the similarity of the transcriptomes among the three species. More than 40% of the transcripts for each species were functionally annotated and about 70% were assigned to orthologous genes of a closely related species. Differential expression analysis between the sexual and unisexual species uncovered 2035 up-regulated and 564 down-regulated genes in P. formosa. This was exemplary validated for six genes by qRT-PCR. Conclusions We identified more than 130 genes related to meiosis and reproduction within the apomictically reproducing P. formosa. Overall expression of these genes seems to be down-regulated in the P. formosa transcriptome compared to both ancestral species (i.e., 106 genes down-regulated, 29 up-regulated). A further 35 meiosis and reproduction related genes were not found in the P. formosa transcriptome, but were only expressed in the sexual species. Our data support the hypothesis of general down-regulation of meiosis-related genes in the apomictic Amazon molly. Furthermore, the obtained dataset and identified gene catalog will serve as a resource for future research on the molecular mechanisms behind the reproductive mode of this unisexual species

Gene expression profiling.

<p>This profiling presents each single gene expression distribution through all 3 tissues (ovary, gill, brain) among <i>P</i>. <i>formosa</i> and its ancestors. Expression levels are normalized relative to <i>P</i>. <i>mexicana</i> ovary expression data of 6 different pathway genes, <i>arα</i> (A), <i>arβ</i> (B), <i>cyp19a1</i> (C), <i>cyp19a2</i> (D), <i>erα</i> (E), <i>erβ1</i> (F). They are shown on a logarithmic scale. Red stars indicate that expression has not been detected in our study. * 0.01≤P≤0.05; ** P< 0.01.</p