EFICÁCIA DO USO DISTINTOS ESTIMULANTES DO CRESCIMENTO FOLICULAR EM UM PROTOCOLO PARA IATF EM FÊMEAS NELORE

Objetivou-se avaliar a expressão do estro, o diâmetro do folículo ovulatório (DFOL) e a fertilidade de fêmeas Nelore lactantes tratadas com o hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) ou gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) como estimulantes do crescimento folicular em um protocolo para Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF). Para tanto, foram utilizadas 105 fêmeas da raça Nelore lactantes, com 50 a 60 dias pós-parto, pertencentes à categoria multípara, escore de condição corporal entre 2,5 a 2,75 (escala de 1 a 5). Em um dia aleatório do ciclo estral denominado dia zero (D0) foi iniciado o protocolo de sincronização por meio da inserção de dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1,0g de progesterona (P4) (DIB®, Zoetis, São Paulo, Brasil) e aplicação de 2,0mg de benzoato de estradiol (Gonadiol®, Zoetis, São Paulo, Brasil) por via intramuscular (im). No dia oito (D8) removeu-se os dispositivos de P4 e administrou-se 12,5mg de dinoprost trometamina (Lutalyse®, Zoetis, São Paulo, Brasil) im e 1mg de cipionato de estradiol (E.C.P.®, Zoetis, São Paulo, Brasil) im. Neste momento, as fêmeas foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo eCG - aplicação de 300UI de Gonodotrofina Coriônica Equina (eCG) (Novormon®, Zoetis, São Paulo, Brasil) im e Grupo FSH - aplicação de 10 mg de Hormônio Folículo Estimulante (FSH) (Folltropin®, Vetoquinol, São Paulo, Brasil) im. Os animais foram marcados com bastão marcador entre a tuberosidade sacral e a inserção da cauda para determinação da expressão do estro. No dia 10 (D10), previamente as IATFs, os animais foram avaliados de acordo com a expressão do estro verificada pela remoção da tinta do bastão marcador. Adicionalmente, as vacas foram examinadas por ultrassonografia transretal para mensuração do DFOL. As inseminações foram realizadas utilizando sêmen criopreservado de um único touro Nelore. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia transretal 30 dias após as IATFs. Os dados obtidos foram processados pelo SPSS considerando P≤0,05, para avaliar as diferenças entre as médias de DFOL utilizou-se a análise de variância e o teste de Tukey, o índice de expressão de estro e a taxa de concepção entre os grupos foram comparadas empregando o teste de Qui-quadrado (c2). A taxa de expressão de estro geral foi de 65,7% (69/105). Não houve diferença estatística entre as taxas de expressão de estro obtidas nos grupos eCG e FSH sendo estas respectivamente, de 67,1% (47/70) e 62,9% (22/35). O tratamento eCG apresentou um DFOL de 12,09±2,33mm, semelhante aquele esboçado pelo grupo FSH de 12,23±2,93mm. No que se refere aos índices de fertilidade, os grupos eCG e FSH demonstraram taxas de concepção equivalentes, sendo de 48,5%(33/68) e 41,2%(14/34), respectivamente. A expressão do estro, o diâmetro folicular e a fertilidade não foram afetados pelo tratamento com eCG ou FSH, sugerindo que ambos estimulantes do crescimento folicular são eficazes em proporcionar resultados satisfatórios em programas de IATF

O IMPACTO DO SUPORTE À AMAMENTAÇÃO NA DURAÇÃO E EXCLUSIVIDADE DO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO

Studies reinforce the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and infant morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgency of promoting effective practices. Challenges persist, especially with rates below global recommendations, requiring investigation of contributing factors, such as unnecessary provision of bottles and food. Objective: The frequency of EBF in the first 30 days of life was analyzed, considering the influence of breastfeeding support. The complexity in measuring EBF, the WHO's monitoring proposal and the importance of the initial period are essential elements of this investigation. Methods: A literature review from 2015 to 2024 was conducted, covering studies exploring breastfeeding support and its relationship with the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding. Using an integrative review approach guided by the PICo method, articles were searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed and Literature in Health Sciences of Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) databases. The selection of articles was carried out based on specific criteria, evaluated by independent researchers. Results: Several studies were analyzed, revealing a wide variation in the frequency of EBF at 30 days of life. The implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative demonstrates commitment, but challenges persist. The analysis of 17 longitudinal studies highlights the complexity in measuring EBF and significant variations between investigated locations. Discussion: The lack of adequate support, evidenced in some studies, is associated with additional challenges that negatively affect the breastfeeding experience. Personalized strategies, social support networks and preventive interventions are crucial. The ongoing effectiveness of breastfeeding support programs and policies should be evaluated to identify areas for improvement. Conclusion: The comprehensive analysis highlights persistent challenges in promoting EBF. Despite the global increase, significant disparities persist, especially related to unnecessary bottle and food provision. Effective breastfeeding promotion and support strategies are crucial to overcoming obstacles and achieving global maternal and child health goals. A more sensitive approach is recommended, with longitudinal studies in different population groups, and the constant evaluation of implemented strategies is vital for significant advances. Investing in policies and interventions focused on supporting breastfeeding is fundamental to promoting maternal and child health and well-being on a global scale.Estudos reforçam a relação entre aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e morbimortalidade infantil, destacando a urgência de promover práticas eficazes. Desafios persistem, especialmente com índices abaixo das recomendações globais, exigindo investigação dos fatores contribuintes, como oferta desnecessária de mamadeira e alimentos. Objetivo: Analisou-se a frequência do AME nos primeiros 30 dias de vida, considerando a influência do suporte à amamentação. A complexidade na mensuração do AME, proposta da OMS de monitoramento e a importância do período inicial são elementos essenciais desta investigação. Metódos: Uma revisão de literatura nos anos 2015 a 2024 foi conduzida, abrangendo estudos que exploram o suporte à amamentação e sua relação com a duração e exclusividade do aleitamento materno. Utilizando uma abordagem de revisão integrativa guiada pelo método PICo, foram pesquisados artigos nas bases Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SCIELO), PubMed e Literatura em Ciências da Saúde da América Latina e do Caribe (LILACS). A seleção dos artigos foi realizada com base em critérios específicos, avaliados por pesquisadores independente. Resultados: Diversos estudos foram analisados, revelando uma ampla variação na frequência do AME aos 30 dias de vida. A implementação da Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança demonstra comprometimento, mas desafios persistem. A análise de 17 estudos longitudinais destaca a complexidade na medição do AME e variações significativas entre locais investigados. Discussão: A falta de suporte adequado, evidenciada em alguns estudos, está associada a desafios adicionais que afetam negativamente a experiência de amamentação. Estratégias personalizadas, redes de apoio social e intervenções preventivas são cruciais. A eficácia contínua de programas e políticas de apoio à amamentação deve ser avaliada para identificar áreas de melhoria. Conclusão: A análise abrangente destaca desafios persistentes na promoção do AME. Apesar do aumento global, disparidades significativas persistem, especialmente relacionadas à oferta desnecessária de mamadeira e alimentos. Estratégias eficazes de promoção e apoio à amamentação são cruciais para superar obstáculos e alcançar metas globais de saúde materno-infantil. Recomenda-se uma abordagem mais sensível, com estudos longitudinais em diversos grupos populacionais, e a constante avaliação das estratégias implementadas é vital para avanços significativos. Investir em políticas e intervenções focadas no suporte à amamentação é fundamental para promover a saúde e o bem-estar materno-infantil em escala global

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Extensive Longitudinal Transverse Myelitis Temporally Related to the Use of AZD1222, AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine: Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis and Recent Data Review

While mass immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rolls out around the globe, safety concerns and adverse events that need prompt evaluation are also emerging. Neurological complications such as transverse myelitis raise concerns as cases were observed in clinical trials. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is routine in these cases and the characteristics of the abnormalities found are of great help not only in establishing the diagnosis but also in understanding this rare condition. We present a case of extensive longitudinal transverse myelitis after vaccination with AZD1222, AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, which was the first case reported in Brazil. The abnormalities found in the study of the cerebrospinal fluid in our case are reported and discussed using data from recent publications

NICeSim: An open-source simulator based on machine learning techniques to support medical research on prenatal and perinatal care decision making

This paper describes NICeSim, an open-source simulator that uses machine learning (ML) techniques to aid health professionals to better understand the treatment and prognosis of premature newborns. The application was developed and tested using data collected in a Brazilian hospital. The available data were used to feed an ML pipeline that was designed to create a simulator capable of predicting the outcome (death probability) for newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units. However, unlike previous scoring systems, our computational tool is not intended to be used at the patients bedside, although it is possible. Our primary goal is to deliver a computational system to aid medical research in understanding the correlation of key variables with the studied outcome so that new standards can be established for future clinical decisions. In the implemented simulation environment, the values of key attributes can be changed using a user-friendly interface, where the impact of each change on the outcome is immediately reported, allowing a quantitative analysis, in addition to a qualitative investigation, and delivering a totally interactive computational tool that facilitates hypothesis construction and testing. Our statistical experiments showed that the resulting model for death prediction could achieve an accuracy of 86.7% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 for the positive class. Using this model, three physicians and a neonatal nutritionist performed simulations with key variables correlated with chance of death. The results indicated important tendencies for the effect of each variable and the combination of variables on prognosis. We could also observe values of gestational age and birth weight for which a low Apgar score and the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) could be less or more severe. For instance, we have noticed that for a newborn with 2000 g or more the occurrence of RDS is far less problematic than for neonates weighing less. The significant accuracy demonstrated by our predictive model shows that NICeSim might be used for hypothesis testing to minimize in vivo experiments. We observed that the model delivers predictions that are in very good agreement with the literature, demonstrating that NICeSim might be an important tool for supporting decision making in medical practice. Other very important characteristics of NICeSim are its flexibility and dynamism. NICeSim is flexible because it allows the inclusion and deletion of variables according to the requirements of a particular study. It is also dynamic because it trains a just-in-time model. Therefore, the system is improved as data from new patients become available. Finally, NICeSim can be extended in a cooperative manner because it is an open-source system

Genomic detection of a virus lineage replacement event of dengue virus serotype 2 in Brazil, 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an explosive epidemic linked to severe clinical outcomes in the Americas. As of June 2018, 4,929 ZIKV suspected infections and 46 congenital syndrome cases had been reported in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Although Manaus is a key demographic hub in the Amazon region, little is known about the ZIKV epidemic there, in terms of both transmission and viral genetic diversity. Using portable virus genome sequencing, we generated 59 ZIKV genomes in Manaus. Phylogenetic analyses indicated multiple introductions of ZIKV from northeastern Brazil to Manaus. Spatial genomic analysis of virus movement among six areas in Manaus suggested that populous northern neighborhoods acted as sources of virus transmission to other neighborhoods. Our study revealed how the ZIKV epidemic was ignited and maintained within the largest urban metropolis in the Amazon. These results might contribute to improving the public health response to outbreaks in Brazil

Genomic and Epidemiological Surveillance of Zika Virus in the Amazon Region

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an explosive epidemic linked to severe clinical outcomes in the Americas. As of June 2018, 4,929 ZIKV suspected infections and 46 congenital syndrome cases had been reported in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Although Manaus is a key demographic hub in the Amazon region, little is known about the ZIKV epidemic there, in terms of both transmission and viral genetic diversity. Using portable virus genome sequencing, we generated 59 ZIKV genomes in Manaus. Phylogenetic analyses indicated multiple introductions of ZIKV from northeastern Brazil to Manaus. Spatial genomic analysis of virus movement among six areas in Manaus suggested that populous northern neighborhoods acted as sources of virus transmission to other neighborhoods. Our study revealed how the ZIKV epidemic was ignited and maintained within the largest urban metropolis in the Amazon. These results might contribute to improving the public health response to outbreaks in Brazil.status: publishe

Genomic and epidemiological surveillance of Zika virus in the Amazon Region

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an explosive epidemic linked to severe clinical outcomes in the Americas. As of June 2018, 4,929 ZIKV suspected infections and 46 congenital syndrome cases had been reported in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Although Manaus is a key demographic hub in the Amazon region, little is known about the ZIKV epidemic there, in terms of both transmission and viral genetic diversity. Using portable virus genome sequencing, we generated 59 ZIKV genomes in Manaus. Phylogenetic analyses indicated multiple introductions of ZIKV from northeastern Brazil to Manaus. Spatial genomic analysis of virus movement among six areas in Manaus suggested that populous northern neighborhoods acted as sources of virus transmission to other neighborhoods. Our study revealed how the ZIKV epidemic was ignited and maintained within the largest urban metropolis in the Amazon. These results might contribute to improving the public health response to outbreaks in Brazil.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe