Bacteremia Caused by a Metronidazole-Resistant Prevotella sp. Strain

Metronidazole resistance among Prevotella spp. is rare. We report here the first case of bacteremia due to a high-level metronidazole-resistant Prevotella sp. responsible for treatment failure

Therapeutic approach and outcome of children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia at first relapse in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: An SFCE retrospective study

International audienceBackground Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the profile of pediatric relapse of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has changed. However, the management of pediatric Ph+ ALL relapses is not currently standardized. Procedure We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic strategies and outcomes of pediatric Ph+ ALL patients in first relapse who were initially treated with a TKI-containing regimen in one of the French pediatric hematology centers from 2004 to 2019. Results Twenty-seven children experienced a Ph+ ALL relapse: 24 (89%) had an overt relapse and three a molecular relapse. Eight involved the central nervous system. A second complete remission (CR2) was obtained for 26 patients (96%). Induction consisted of nonintensive chemotherapy for 13 patients (48%) and intensive chemotherapy for 14 (52%). Thirteen patients (48%) received consolidation. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) was performed for 21 patients (78%). The TKI was changed for 23 patients (88%), mainly with dasatinib (n = 15). T315I was the most common mutation at relapse (4/7). The 4-year event-free survival and survival rates were 60.9% and 76.1%, respectively. Survival was positively associated with alloHSCT in CR2. Conclusion We show that pediatric first-relapse Ph+ ALL reinduces well with a second course of TKI exposure, despite the use of different therapeutic approaches. The main prognostic factor for survival was alloHSCT in CR2. Because of the small size of the cohort, we could not draw any conclusions about the respective impact of TKIs, but the predominance of the T315I mutation should encourage careful consideration of the TKI choice

Mélange de bruits et échantillonnage de posterior non log-concave

International audienceThis work considers a radio-astronomy inverse problem of physical parameters inference from multispectral images. The forward model is a numerical simulation, and the observation model mixes different sources of noise. This results in a non-explicit non-log-concave likelihood function. We introduce a likelihood approximation with controlled error that allow the conception of a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method. The obtained sampler provides credibility intervals along with point estimates. We believe that the proposed approach is sufficiently generic to be applied to similar inverse problems.Ce travail considère un problème inverse en astrophysique, qui consiste à estimer un ensemble de paramètres physiques à partir d'images multispectrales. Le modèle direct sous-jacent est une simulation numérique et le modèle d'observation mélange différentes sources de bruit. Ces caractéristiques donnent lieu à une fonction de log-vraisemblance non explicite et non concave. Nous en définissons une approximation qui permet de concevoir une méthode de Monte Carlo par chaîne de Markov (MCMC). L'échantillonneur obtenu fournit estimations ponctuelles et intervalles de crédibilité associés. L'approche proposée est suffisamment générale pour être appliquée à des problèmes inverses similaires

Mélange de bruits et échantillonnage de posterior non log-concave

International audienceThis work considers a radio-astronomy inverse problem of physical parameters inference from multispectral images. The forward model is a numerical simulation, and the observation model mixes different sources of noise. This results in a non-explicit non-log-concave likelihood function. We introduce a likelihood approximation with controlled error that allow the conception of a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method. The obtained sampler provides credibility intervals along with point estimates. We believe that the proposed approach is sufficiently generic to be applied to similar inverse problems.Ce travail considère un problème inverse en astrophysique, qui consiste à estimer un ensemble de paramètres physiques à partir d'images multispectrales. Le modèle direct sous-jacent est une simulation numérique et le modèle d'observation mélange différentes sources de bruit. Ces caractéristiques donnent lieu à une fonction de log-vraisemblance non explicite et non concave. Nous en définissons une approximation qui permet de concevoir une méthode de Monte Carlo par chaîne de Markov (MCMC). L'échantillonneur obtenu fournit estimations ponctuelles et intervalles de crédibilité associés. L'approche proposée est suffisamment générale pour être appliquée à des problèmes inverses similaires

Longitudinal study assessing the return of chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from travellers returning from West and Central Africa, 2000–2011

International audienceChloroquine (CQ) was the main malaria therapy worldwide from the 1940s until the 1990s. Following the emergence of CQ-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, most African countries discontinued the use of CQ, and now promote artemisinin-based combination therapy as the first-line treatment. This change was generally initiated during the last decade in West and Central Africa. The aim of this study is to describe the changes in CQ susceptibility in this African region, using travellers returning from this region as a sentinel system

Relationship between serotypes, disease characteristics and 30-day mortality in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease

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