Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru, Central Andes

Minor centres in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andes occur in different places and are essential indicators of magmatic processes leading to formation of composite volcano. The Andahua-Orcopampa and Huambo monogenetic fields are located in a unique tectonic setting, in and along the margins of a deep valley. This valley, oblique to the NW-SE-trend of the CVZ, is located between two composite volcanoes (Nevado Coropuna to the east and Nevado Sabancaya to the west). Structural analysis of these volcanic fields, based on SPOT satellite images, indicates four main groups of faults. These faults may have controlled magma ascent and the distribution of most centres in this deep valley shaped by en-echelon faulting. Morphometric criteria and 14C age dating attest to four main periods of activity: Late Pleistocene, Early to Middle Holocene, Late Holocene and Historic. The two most interesting features of the cones are the wide compositional range of their lavas (52.1 to 68.1wt.% SiO2) and the unusual occurrence of mafic lavas (olivine-rich basaltic andesites and basaltic andesites). Occurrence of such minor volcanic centres and mafic magmas in the CVZ may provide clues about the magma source in southern Peru. Such information is otherwise difficult to obtain because lavas produced by composite volcanoes are affected by shallow processes that strongly mask source signatures. Major, trace, and rare earth elements, as well as Sr-, Nd-, Pb- and O-isotope data obtained on high-K calc-alkaline lavas of the Andahua-Orcopampa and Huambo volcanic province characterise their source and their evolution. These lavas display a range comparable to those of the CVZ composite volcanoes for radiogenic and stable isotopes (87Sr/86Sr: 0.70591-0.70694, 143Nd/144Nd: 0.512317-0.512509, 206Pb/204Pb: 18.30-18.63, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.57-15.60, 208Pb/204Pb: 38.49-38.64, and δ 18O: 7.1-10.0‰ SMOW), attesting to involvement of a crustal component. Sediment is absent from the Peru-Chile trench, and hence cannot be the source of such enrichment. Partial melts of the lowermost part of the thick Andean continental crust with a granulitic garnet-bearing residue added to mantle-derived arc magmas in a high-pressure MASH [melting, assimilation, storage and homogenisation] zone may play a major role in magma genesis. This may also explain the chemical characteristics of the Andahua-Orcopampa and Huambo magmas. Fractional crystallisation processes are the main governors of magma evolution for the Andahua-Orcopampa and Huambo volcanic province. An open-system evolution is, however, required to explain some O-isotopes and some major and trace elements values. Modelling of AFC processes suggests the Charcani gneisses and the local Andahua-Orcopampa and Huambo basement may be plausible contaminant

Petrology of the 2006-2007 tephras from Ubinas volcano, southern Peru

[ESP] El volcán Ubinas (16º 22 'S, 70º 54' O) se encuentra en el rango volcánico cuaternario en el sur de Perú, ~ 60 km al este de la ciudad de Arequipa (Fig. 1). Ubinas es históricamente el volcán más activo en el sur del Perú con 24 eventos volcánicos (VEI 1-3) registrados desde 1550 AD (Hantke y Parodi, 1966; Simkin y Siebert 1994; Rivera et al. 1998). Estos eventos son episodios de desgasificación en gran parte intensos, con algunas caídas de cenizas y bloqueos balísticos (<10.106m3) producidos por actividad explosiva vulcaniana y freatomagmática (Thouret et al. 2005; Rivera et al. 1998). Los eventos causaron daños a los cultivos y al ganado y afectaron a aproximadamente 3,500 personas que viven en seis aldeas a 12 km del volcán (Fig. 1). La actividad explosiva más reciente comenzó el 27 de marzo de 2006 y duró dos años con eventos eruptivos intermitentes, mientras que la desgasificación aún continúa. Según las características de la actividad y los productos en erupción, el episodio eruptivo ha progresado en cuatro etapas: 1) actividad freática y freatomagmática inicial (del 27 de marzo al 19 de abril de 2006), incluidas las columnas de alta erupción que dispersaron la caída de cenizas a una distancia de hasta 7 km del cumbre; 2) las explosiones vulcanianas (~ 20 de abril al 11 de junio de 2006) formaron columnas de 3 a 4 km de altura que expulsaron bloques de hasta 40 cm de diámetro a distancias de 2 km del respiradero (Fig. 2). La lava fresca llegó al fondo del respiradero el 20 de abril; 3) fuerte desgasificación intercalada con al menos 12 eventos que produjeron columnas de 2 a 3 km de altura entre mediados de junio de 2006 y abril de 2007, dispersando cenizas hasta 40 km del respiradero; 4) la desgasificación suave produce un penacho permanente de 200 a 800 m de altura y ocasionalmente cenizas ligeras alrededor de la cumbre (mayo de 2007 hasta el presente). Las columnas de babosas duraderas y de corta duración, explosiones tipo cañón, pequeñas cantidades de material juvenil y la composición andesítica de las bombas de corteza de pan indican un estilo de comportamiento vulcaniano en Ubinas. El comportamiento es similar a la primera fase de la erupción del Nevado Sabancaya en 1990-1998 (Gerbe y Thouret, 2004) o al comportamiento de Sakurajima, Japón desde 1955 (Morrisey y Mastin, 2000), y a Ngauruhoe, Nueva Zelanda en 1974 -1975 (Hobden et al. 2002). Las características petrográficas y geoquímicas de los bloques juveniles y las escoria erupcionadas durante la actividad explosiva 2006-2007 permiten la descripción del magma recién erupcionado y, por lo tanto, conducen a una mejor comprensión del origen de la erupción

Rol de la contaminación crustal en el magmatismo de los Andes del sur peruano: ejemplo del volcán Misti

El volcán Misti (16º17’ S; 71º24’ O) es uno de los siete volcanes activos situados en la cadena volcánica Plio-Cuaternaria del sur peruano, perteneciente a la ZVC (Zona Volcánica Central) de los Andes. Este volcán se encuentra localizado a 17 km del centro de la ciudad de Arequipa (Fig. 1), la segunda ciudad en términos de población del Perú, con aproximadamente 1 millón de habitantes. Numerosos autores han estudiado la estratigrafía del volcán Misti, cuya actividad se inició hace ~833 ka (e.g. Thouret et al., 2001). Thouret et al. (2001) han dividido la evolución de este volcán en cuatro etapas: "Misti 1" (833 - 112 ka), "Misti 2" (112 - 40 ka), "Misti 3" (38 - 14 ka) y "Misti 4" (<11 ka). En este trabajo, nos hemos focalizado en los mecanismos de génesis y evolución de magmas ocurridos durante los últimos 112 ka, ya que durante este tiempo, el Misti ha presentado variados tipos de dinamismos eruptivos: erupciones explosivas (plinianas, freatomagmáticas, vulcanianas), erupciones efusivas y episodios de construcción y destrucción de domos, así como fenómenos de inestabilidad de flanco que han generado al menos dos depósitos de avalancha de escombros

Neogene ignimbrites and volcanic edifices in southern Peru: Stratigraphy and time-volume-composition relationships

In the Central Andes of Peru, four volcanic arcs, termed Tacaza, Lower and Upper Barroso, and Frontal arc, have been active over the past 30 Ma (Fig. 1). They form five units between Moquegua and Nazca (14°30– 17°15’°S and 70–74°W). The ‘Neogene ignimbrites’ (<25 Ma) comprise six generations of widespread sheets (>500 km2 and >20 km3 each), representing a major crustal melting event, triggered by thickening and advective heat input from the mantle wedge. Also, four generations of edifices (i.e shields, composite cones, and dome clusters) and monogenetic fields mostly overly the ignimbrites based on ages, stratigraphy and mapping

Dosage de rénine et aldostérone au sang de cordon (cohorte de 129 prélèvements)

NICE-BU Médecine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Dosage de l'adiponectine dans le sang du cordon (relation avec la croissance foetale)

NICE-BU Médecine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Magma evolution of Quaternary minor volcanic centres in southern Peru, Central Andes

International audienceMinor centres in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andes occur in different places and are essential indicators of magmatic processes leading to formation of composite volcano. The Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo monogenetic fields are located in a unique tectonic setting, in and along the margins of a deep valley. This valley, oblique to the NW–SE-trend of the CVZ, is located between two composite volcanoes (Nevado Coropuna to the east and Nevado Sabancaya to the west). Structural analysis of these volcanic fields, based on SPOT satellite images, indicates four main groups of faults. These faults may have controlled magma ascent and the distribution of most centres in this deep valley shaped by en-echelon faulting. Morphometric criteria and 14C age dating attest to four main periods of activity: Late Pleistocene, Early to Middle Holocene, Late Holocene and Historic. The two most interesting features of the cones are the wide compositional range of their lavas (52.1 to 68.1 wt.% SiO2) and the unusual occurrence of mafic lavas (olivine-rich basaltic andesites and basaltic andesites). Occurrence of such minor volcanic centres and mafic magmas in the CVZ may provide clues about the magma source in southern Peru. Such information is otherwise difficult to obtain because lavas produced by composite volcanoes are affected by shallow processes that strongly mask source signatures. Major, trace, and rare earth elements, as well as Sr-, Nd-, Pb- and O-isotope data obtained on high-K calc-alkaline lavas of the Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo volcanic province characterise their source and their evolution. These lavas display a range comparable to those of the CVZ composite volcanoes for radiogenic and stable isotopes (87Sr/86Sr: 0.70591–0.70694, 143Nd/144Nd: 0.512317–0.512509, 206Pb/204Pb: 18.30–18.63, 207Pb/204Pb: 15.57–15.60, 208Pb/204Pb: 38.49–38.64, and δ 18O: 7.1–10.0‰ SMOW), attesting to involvement of a crustal component. Sediment is absent from the Peru–Chile trench, and hence cannot be the source of such enrichment. Partial melts of the lowermost part of the thick Andean continental crust with a granulitic garnet-bearing residue added to mantle-derived arc magmas in a high-pressure MASH [melting, assimilation, storage and homogenisation] zone may play a major role in magma genesis. This may also explain the chemical characteristics of the Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo magmas. Fractional crystallisation processes are the main governors of magma evolution for the Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo volcanic province. An open-system evolution is, however, required to explain some O-isotopes and some major and trace elements values. Modelling of AFC processes suggests the Charcani gneisses and the local Andahua–Orcopampa and Huambo basement may be plausible contaminants

Petro-geochemical constraints on the source and evolution of magmas at El Misti volcano (Peru)

International audienc

Ubinas : the evolution of the most historically active volcano in southern Peru, central Andes

International audienceUbinas volcano has had 23 degassing and ashfall episodes since A.D. 1550, making it the histori­cally most active volcano in southern Peru. Based on fieldwork, on interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images, and on radiometric ages, the eruptive history of Ubinas is divided into two major periods. Ubinas I (Middle Pleistocene >376 ka) is characterized by lava flow activity that formed the lower part of the edi­fice. This edifice collapsed and resulted in a debris-avalanche deposit distributed as far as 12 km downstream the Rio Ubinas. Non-welded ignimbrites were erupted sub­sequently and ponded to a thickness of 150 m as far as 7 km south of the summit. These eruptions probably left a small collapse caldera on the summit of Ubinas I. A 100- m-thick sequence of ash-and-pumice flow deposits fol­lowed, filling paleo-valleys 6 km from the summit. Ubi­nas II, 376 ky to present comprises several stages. The summit cone was built by andesite and dacite flows be­tween 376 and 142 ky. A series of domes grew on the southern flank and the largest one was dated at 250 ky; block-and-ash flow deposits from these domes filled the upper Rio Ubinas valley 10 km to the south. The summit caldera was formed between 25 and 9.7 ky. Ash-flow deposits and two Plinian deposits reflect explosive erup­tions of more differentiated magmas. A debris-avalanche deposit (about 1.2 km3) formed hummocks at the base of the 1,000-m-high, fractured and unstable south flank be­fore 3.6 ka. Countless explosive events took place inside the summit caldera during the last 9.7 ky. The last Plinian eruption, dated A.D.1000-1160, produced an andesitic pumice-fall deposit, which achieved a thickness of 25 cm 40 km SE of the summit. Minor eruptions since then show phreatomagmatic characteristics and a wide range in composition (mafic to rhyolitic): the events reported since A.D. 1550 include many degassing episodes, four mod­erate (VEI 2-3) eruptions, and one VEI 3 eruption in A.D. 1667.Ubinas erupted high-K, calc-alkaline magmas (SiO2=56 to 71 % ). Magmatic processes include fractional crystal­lization and mixing of deeply derived mafic andesites in a shallow magma chamber. Parent magmas have been rel­atively homogeneous through time but reflect variable conditions of deep-crustal assimilation, as shown in the large variations in SrN and LREEJHREE. Depleted HREE and Y values in some lavas, mostly late mafic rocks, suggest contamination of magmas near the base of the >60-km-thick continental crust. The most recently erupted products (mostly scoria) show a wide range in composition and a trend towards more mafic magmas.Recent eruptions indicate that Ubinas poses a severe threat to at least 5,000 people living in the valley of the Rio Ubinas, and within a 15-km radius of the summit. The threat includes thick tephra falls, phreatomagmatic ejecta, failure of the unstable south flank with subsequent debris avalanches, rain-triggered lahars, and pyroclastic flows. Should Plinian eruptions of the size of the Holocene events recur at Ubinas, tephra fall would affect about one million people living in the Arequipa area 60 km west of the summit

C3 nephritic factor can be associated with membranous glomerulonephritis.

International audienceC3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) has been described in association with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and is involved in 80 % of cases of dense deposit disease. C3NeF is an immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibody which binds to the complement component 3 (C3) convertase C3bBb, thereby inhibiting its decay and leading to massive C3 cleavage. Commonly associated with C3NeF are low C3 levels, decreased total haemolytic complement (CH50) and normal C4 levels. C3NeF patients often present with proteinuria, haematuria and high blood pressure. Evolution to end-stage renal disease is common. Treatment consists of steroids and/or immunosuppressants, with variable efficiency. Renal transplantation is marked by histological recurrence, leading to higher rates of allograft loss. We report C3NeF in association with membranous glomerulonephritis type 3-4 in two unrelated children. We also demonstrate that, under adequate immunosuppressive therapy, proteinuria is significantly lowered, blood pressure is kept within normal range and long-term renal function remains normal. C3NeF can be associated with membranous glomerulonephritis in children. Clinical presentation is mild, and mid-term outcome is favourable under adequate therapy. However, complement anomalies persist for several years