Data for: Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in the European Union - An Exploratory Analysis of Cross-Country Consumption Patterns

Data for the 28 countries of the European Union as well as Norway on following variables influencing the countries' energy consumption:- self-constructed weighted average price index- HDD- longitude- latitude- age- average floor area- GDP per capita- home ownership- share of apartment- share of new buildings - share of district heatin

Die Alterssicherung Selbstständiger im Handwerk

Dieser Artikel präsentiert erste empirische Ergebnisse für die Beurteilung der Altersvorsorge Selbstständiger im Handwerk. Eine Datenauswertung der Umfrage “Alterssicherung im Handwerk“ zeigt, dass Soloselbstständige und Inhaber kleiner Betriebe, meist aus dem zulassungsfreien Bereich, besonders unzufrieden mit ihren voraussichtlichen Altersbezügen sind und dennoch nur eine geringe Altersvorsorge betreiben. Die Inhaber der zulassungspflichtigen Betriebe sind hingegen besser vor Altersarmut geschützt. Als Grund ist, neben niedrigen Gewerbeerträgen, die derzeitige Ausgestaltung der Handwerkerpflichtversicherung zu nennen, da ihr vor allem besonders schutzbedürftige Inhabergruppen nicht unterliegen. Als Ausweg wird eine allgemeine Versicherungspflicht für Selbstständige vorgeschlagen.   Pension Provision of Self-Employed in the German Craft Sector This article provides empirical evidence on pension provisions of self-employed individuals in the German Craft Sector. Using data of the survey “Pension Provision in the German Craft Sector“ we find that solo self-employed and owners of small companies, especially those of the deregulated sectors, are prone to insufficient old-age provisions. Yet, these individuals also pay the lowest contributions to pension schemes. Besides low revenues, the current state of the mandatory pension scheme of the German Craft Sector is seen as a major reason for insufficient old age provision due to its limitation on one sector and to 216 months. Therefore, a universal compulsory insurance including all self-employed is suggested. JEL-Klassifizierung: J26, H55, D9

Data for: Dosis Facit Effectum Why the Scope of the Carbon Tax Matters - Evidence from the Swedish Residential Sector

The data set consists of panel data for European countries for the years 1990-2016. Following variables are included:- country and year specific taxes on and prices of oil- country and year specific taxes on and prices of gas- country and year specific taxes on and prices of electricity- GDP, GDP per capita, GDP per capita squared- population- residential CO2 Emissions, residential CO2 Emissions per capita- residential consumption of oil, district heating, biomass, electricity, gas- total residential energy consumption- Heating Degree DaysTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Data for: Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in the European Union - An Exploratory Analysis of Cross-Country Consumption Patterns

Data for the 28 countries of the European Union as well as Norway on following variables influencing the countries' energy consumption:- self-constructed weighted average price index- HDD- longitude- latitude- age- average floor area- GDP per capita- home ownership- share of apartment- share of new buildings - share of district heatingTHIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Digital divide, craft firms’ websites and urban-rural disparities—empirical evidence from a web-scraping approach; [Digital Divide, Websites von Handwerksunternehmen und städtisch-ländliche Disparitäten – empirische Erkenntnisse aus einer Web-Scraping Analyse]

Following the “death of distance” postulate, digitalization may reduce or even eliminate the penalty of firms being located in rural areas compared with those in urban agglomerations. Despite many recent attempts to measure digitalization effects across space, there remains a lack of empirical evidence regarding the adoption of digital technologies from an explicit spatial perspective. Using web-scraping data for a sample of 345,000 small firms in Germany, we analyze the determinants of website prevalence. Comparing urban with rural areas, we show that running a website—as a proxy for the degree of digitalization of the respective firm—is highly dependent on location, whereby firms in urban areas are almost twice as likely to run websites compared with those located in rural areas. Our county-level analysis shows that a high population density, a young population and a high educational level have a positive and significant association with the probability that firms run websites. Surprisingly, we find a negative and significant association of gross domestic product per capita with website prevalence, which is driven by urban regions. There are no differences between urban, semi-urban and rural areas in terms of website up-to-dateness as well as social media prevalence. We conclude that there is a substantial digital divide and discuss policy implications