Charles Thomson check

A check made out to Sarah Hagey for forty dollars. 18 September 1821.https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1141/thumbnail.jp

Indirect Reuse of Reclaimed Wastewater for Potable Supply: Regulatory Considerations

The winter of 2005-2006 in central NM was one of the driest on record and communities throughout the state are facing severe summer water shortages. Regardless of the lack of NMED policy, the resort community described above has begun construction on their indirect reuse system which is projected to be operational in September 2006. Other communities are evaluating similar solutions to their water crises. It is incumbent on the regulatory agencies to develop policies and regulations that will allow these communities to address their problems while protecting human health and the environment. This will require an extensive dialog between all participants including regulators, design engineers, water utility managers, and especially the public. This dialog has begun in NM, but likely will continue for years to come

A Radiological Study of the Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations

(1) A series of 32 cases form the basis of a radiological investigation of the intracranial arteriovenous malformations. (2) The incidence of the intracranial arterio- venous malformations has been estimated at one% of the neurological admissions to hospital (Mackenzie 1953). They comprise two to five% of the reported cases examined by cerebral angiography (4.8% in the present series). (3) The pathology of the lesion is described and its relationship to the other vascular anomalies is defined. Arteriovenous malformation is considered to be the most suitable terminology. (4) Abnormal appearances in the preliminary skull radiographs, attributable to the presence of an arteriovenous malformation, may be seen in approximately 30% of the cases. They are as follows: (a) Enlargement of foramina and grooves for the meningeal vessels and occasionally anomalous vascular channels. Perforations in the skull due to communications between branches of the external carotid artery in the scalp and the meningeal vessels. Thickening of the skull, when the vascularity of the hone is greatly increased, which may simulate the hyperostosis of a meningioma. (b) Enlarged and pulsating drainage veins or the malformation itself may lead to localised areas of erosion of the inner table of the skull. Enlargement of the sagittal sinus groove may be demonstrable when there is a large shunt situated so that its effluents drain into the sinus. This observation may be of some value, since it may be the only visible radiographic change occurring with a lesion confined to the intracerebral circulation. Pour of the present cases showed marked widening and deepening of the sinus groove and in three others enlargement was probable. (c) Calcification may be found in the walls of the vessels of the malformation or in adjacent haematomata. It is present in approximately 15% of cases. (5) Ventriculography and encephalography have been superseded by cerebral angiography in the investigation of intracranial vascular lesions. In approximately 70% of cases of arteriovenous malformation plain radiography and ventriculography combined show some abnormality. An undulating, serrated or ripple contour of the walls of the lateral ventricle, without shift of the ventricular system has been considered typical of the conditions. Other changes result from cerebral atrophy, organisation of blood clot in the ventricle leading to coarctation, or to filling of a porencephalic cyst with air. Hydrocephalus commonly occurs with mid-brain lesions. (6) The technique of cerebral angiography as it applies to the demonstration of the arteriovenous malformations is described. Possible pitfalls in diagnosis are considered. (7) The angiographic appearances of the arteriovenous malformations, their feeding arteries and drainage veins are described. There were 17 large lesions, 10 small and 5 of intermediate size. The middle cerebral artery was the feeding vessel in 75% of cases. (8) A case is presented to support the hypothesis that a true increase in size of the arteriovenous malformations occurs. (9) Epilepsy was the presenting symptom in 25% and present eventually in 44 cent. of the present cases. The attacks were mainly focal in type and in those presenting with epilepsy the common situation of the lesion was fronto-parietal. If haemorrhage proceeded the onset of the attacks the lesion was elsewhere in the brain. (10) Headache was a presenting feature in 44% of the cases. It was commoner with the large (11 of 17 cases) than with the small (3 of 10 cases). Six lesions in relation to the occipital lobe were associated with headache of a migrainous type. (11) Haemorrhage occurred from 41% of the large, 70% of the small and all 5 lesions of medium size. It is suggested that the difference in incidence in bleeding from the small and large malformations, is due to the fact that the large ones are found during the course of investigation for symptoms such as headache and epilepsy, whereas small lesions are frequently asymptomatic until bleeding occurs. The relative liability of the small and large lesions to bleed cannot however be assessed until the number of small lesions at risk is known. The possibility that the small lesions are in fact more liable to haemorrhage than the large is not excluded. There are no characteristic angiographic features whereby the liability of a particular lesion to haemorrhage can be forecast. (12) The frequency with which an intracranial bruit can be heard on auscultation of the skull has varied widely in different reports. It was present in 8 cases (25% ), all large lesions, of the author's series. In 5 of the cases there was clinical or radiographic evidence of hypertrophy of branches of the external carotid artery. (13) The differentiating features between highly vascular tumours such as glioblastoma multiforme and meningioma and the arteriovenous malformations are described. There were no difficulties of this type in the present series of cases. (14) The value of cerebral angiography in the assessment of the operability of a lesion and in showing the results of excision are exemplified

An experience of modularity through design

We aim to utilise the experiences of a marine industry-based design team to determine the need for research into a modular design methodology in an industrial environment. In order to achieve this we couple the outcome of a current design project with the findings of a recent literature survey with the objectives of firstly, clarifying why a methodology is required and, secondly, defining the key elements which the methodology would have to realise or address. The potential benefits of modularity have long been recognised in the shipbuilding industry. Many shipbuilders adopt a 'module' approach to ship construction whereby the ship structure is separated into a number of large structural 'blocks' to ease manufacture and manoeuvrability during construction. However, as understanding of the capabilities of modularity as a design tool develops there is increased interest in capitalising on the differing life phase benefits of modularity such as reduced design costs and time, increased ease of maintenance, upgrade, re-use, redesign and standardisation across individual products and product families. This is especially pertinent in naval shipbuilding where the maintenance of a class of ship requires that all previously designed ships in that class must be of similar outfitting and must be able to interface with the new ship, in terms of propulsion, weapons, communications and electronics, and thus often require some form of retrofit. Therefore, many shipbuilders are moving from viewing modularity as a purely 'manufacturing' principle to a design centred principle. However, as noted by Chang and Ward 'none of the design theories or tools in the mechanical world serves as an articulate procedure for designers to follow in practising modular design'. Thus, despite the identification of a need to introduce modular principles at an earlier stage than detail design and construction, there is little aid in the form of tools, techniques and methodologies for designers in practice

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No abstract available

Record from the Second Continental Congress ordering that the secret committee produce a list of articles ordered, signed by Charles Thomson, January 17, 1777.

Order that “the secret committee” produce a “list of the articles [....] which they have ordered in consequences of the directions of Congress distinguishing how much is arrived + what is expected.”https://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/littlejohnmss/1297/thumbnail.jp

Enhanced Tissue Integration During Cartilage RepairIn VitroCan Be Achieved by Inhibiting Chondrocyte Death at the Wound Edge

Objective: Experimental wounding of articular cartilage results in cell death at the lesion edge. The objective of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of this cell death results in enhanced integrative cartilage repair. Methods: Bovine articular cartilage discs (6mm) were incubated in media containing inhibitors of necrosis (Necrostatin-1, Nec-1) or apoptosis (Z-VAD-FMK, ZVF) before cutting a 3mm inner core. This core was left in situ to create disc/ring composites, cultured for up to 6 weeks with the inhibitors, and analyzed for cell death, sulfated glycosaminoglycan release, and tissue integration. Results: Creating the disc/ring composites resulted in a significant increase in necrosis. ZVF significantly reduced necrosis and apoptosis at the wound edge. Nec-1 reduced necrosis. Both inhibitors reduced the level of wound-induced sulfated glycosaminoglycan loss. Toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy of cartilage revealed significant integration of the wound edges in disc/ring composites treated with ZVF. Nec-1 improved integration, but to a lesser extent. Push-out testing revealed that ZVF increased adhesive strength compared to control composites. Conclusions: This study shows that treatment of articular cartilage with cell death inhibitors during wound repair increases the number of viable cells at the wound edge, prevents matrix loss, and results in a significant improvement in cartilage-cartilage integration