Pressure jump interface law for the Stokes-Darcy coupling: Confirmation by direct numerical simulations

It is generally accepted that the effective velocity of a viscous flow over a porous bed satisfies the Beavers-Joseph slip law. To the contrary, interface law for the effective stress has been a subject of controversy. Recently, a pressure jump interface law has been rigorously derived by Marciniak-Czochra and Mikeli\'c. In this paper, we provide a confirmation of the analytical result using direct numerical simulation of the flow at the microscopic level.Comment: 25 pages, preprin

Political Literacy von Kindern. Befunde, Implikationen, Herausforderungen

Mit dem Recht von Kindern auf Politische Bildung und deren praktische Umsetzung befasst sich der Beitrag. Der Autor fordert, dass die Realisierung Politischer Bildung im Elementar- und Primarbereich evidenzbasiert sein muss / sollte und gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand empirischer Forschung. Sich daraus ergebende Folgerungen und Desiderata für zukünftige empirische Untersuchungen und die Ebenen der Vermittlung werden aufgezeigt und es wird ein eigenes Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt vorgestellt. (DIPF/Orig.)Day care centers and elementary schools are places of democratic and at least basic political education – at least according to the relevant position papers of the KMK and the corresponding educational plans for these educational institutions. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child also contains the inviolable right for children to concern themselves with issues of the political world and to participate in it. First taking civic education as a children’s right means nothing else than practicing it – and that is best based on evidence. Against this background, the article deals with the state of empirical research on political literacy by children up to the age of ten, asks about the implications that arise from this for further research and the mediation tasks in day care centers and schools, and provides a concrete research and development project that takes on the methodological challenges. (DIPF/Orig.

Numerical modelling of bed formes (dunes) with TELEMAC3D and SISYPHE

Water Qualit

Politisches Wissen von Schüler/-innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund (POWIS-Studie)

Erhebungen zu politischen Einstellungen von Jugendlichen zu Demokratie und Gesellschaft zeigen unterschiedliche Ergebnisse für Jugendliche mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund. Dabei ist unklar, ob diese Unterschiede auf lückenhaftem Wissen oder auch auf defizitärem Sprachvermögen beruhen. Das Projekt "Politisches Wissen von Schüler/-innen" (POWIS) setzt hier an. Erhoben wurden Daten zum Wissen von 2028 Schüler/-innen aus 82 Klassen der Jahrgangsstufe 9. Zwei Fragestellungen waren Erkenntnis leitend: (1) Ist das politische Wissen von Schüler/-innen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund unterschiedlich? (2) Ist das politische Wissen durch die Sprachkompetenz konfundiert? Der Beitrag beschreibt das methodische Vorgehen und das Messmodell, das für die Erhebung verwendet wurde, und geht auch auf das Analysemodell ein. Außerdem erfolgt ein erstes kurzes Fazit zu den Ergebnissen aus dem Projekt

Politik, Journalismus, Medien. Kompetenzen von Kindern im Vor- und Grundschulalter (PoJoMeC)

Ab wann entwickeln Kinder konkrete Vorstellungen von Politik und welche Rolle spielen dabei Kinderinformations- und Unterhaltungsmedien? Wann werden z. B. Nachrichtensendungen von Kindern bewusst wahrgenommen? Ab wann wird Kindern der Zusammenhang von Politik und Massenmedien bewusst? Diese Fragen stehen im Zentrum des Forschungsprojekts PoJoMeC, das die Autor*innen in ihrem Beitrag vorstellen. Durch die Erhebung der kindlichen Konzept- und Einstellungsentwicklung wollen die Autor*innen dabei nicht nur Erkenntnisse über die politische und medienbezogene Partizipation von Kindern gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse sollen gleichzeitig auch einen Beitrag zur Qualitätssteigerung der Ausbildung künftiger Lehrkräfte und Journalist*innen leisten. (DIPF/Orig.)The article introduces the interdisciplinary research and development project PoJoMeC (= Politics, Journalism, Media – Competences of Preschool and Elementary School Children) funded by the Federal Agency for Civic Education (Germany). Among others, this longitudinal study seeks to explore the characteristics and development of ideas children at the age of 4 to 9 years have about politics, journalism and media (use). While research in the field of political didactic already focuses on young children, this is not the case in journalistic research yet. Furthermore, little knowledge exists on the influence of media and media use on the democratic socialization or the political understanding of preschool children. Based on our findings, we want to draw conclusions for pedagogical measures regarding political and civic education. (DIPF/Orig.

Macrocyclic tetramers—structural investigation of peptide-peptoid hybrids

Outstanding affinity and specificity are the main characteristics of peptides, rendering them interesting compounds for basic and medicinal research. However, their biological applicability is limited due to fast proteolytic degradation. The use of mimetic peptoids overcomes this disadvantage, though they lack stereochemical information at the α-carbon. Hybrids composed of amino acids and peptoid monomers combine the unique properties of both parent classes. Rigidification of the backbone increases the affinity towards various targets. However, only little is known about the spatial structure of such constrained hybrids. The determination of the three-dimensional structure is a key step for the identification of new targets as well as the rational design of bioactive compounds. Herein, we report the synthesis and the structural elucidation of novel tetrameric macrocycles. Measurements were taken in solid and solution states with the help of X-ray scattering and NMR spectroscopy. The investigations made will help to find diverse applications for this new, promising compound class

Macrocyclic Tetramers—Structural Investigation of Peptide-Peptoid Hybrids

Outstanding affinity and specificity are the main characteristics of peptides, rendering them interesting compounds for basic and medicinal research. However, their biological applicability is limited due to fast proteolytic degradation. The use of mimetic peptoids overcomes this disadvantage, though they lack stereochemical information at the α-carbon. Hybrids composed of amino acids and peptoid monomers combine the unique properties of both parent classes. Rigidification of the backbone increases the affinity towards various targets. However, only little is known about the spatial structure of such constrained hybrids. The determination of the three-dimensional structure is a key step for the identification of new targets as well as the rational design of bioactive compounds. Herein, we report the synthesis and the structural elucidation of novel tetrameric macrocycles. Measurements were taken in solid and solution states with the help of X-ray scattering and NMR spectroscopy. The investigations made will help to find diverse applications for this new, promising compound class

Beechwood carbohydrates for enzymatic synthesis of sustainable glycolipids

Moving away from crude oil to renewable resources for the production of a wide range of compounds is a challenge for future generations. To overcome this, the use of lignocellulose as substrate can contribute to drastically reduce the consumption of crude oil. In this study, sugars from lignocellulose were used as a starting material for the enzymatic synthesis of surface-active sugar esters. The substrates were obtained by an acid-catalyzed, beechwood pretreatment process, which resulted in a fiber fraction that is subsequently hydrolyzed to obtain the monosaccharides. After purification and drying, this glucose- and xylose-rich fraction was used to create a deep eutectic solvent, which acts both as solvent and substrate for the lipase-catalyzed reaction at the same time. Finally, the successful synthesis of glycolipids from a sustainable resource was confirmed by ESI–Q–ToF mass spectrometry and multidimensional NMR experiments. Moreover, conversion yields of 4.8% were determined by LC–MS/MS