Soluble CD21 in sera and synovial fluid of arthritic patients

Soluble CD21 (sCD21) is the ectodomain of the CD21 glycoprotein released by shedding from the cellular membrane. The ectodomain of CD21 is capable of binding complement fragments, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and CD23. Functionally sCD21 can activate monocytes and abrogate B-cell/follicular dendritic cell interaction, thereby inhibiting antibody production by antigen primed B cells. Levels of sCD21 vary in several clinical conditions. Here we analyzed sCD21 in synovial fluids and sera in arthritic patients. sCD21 concentrations were consistently lower in synovial fluids compared to paired sera samples from the same patients. In contrast to healthy donors, sCD21 levels are significantly reduced in rheumatoid arthritis patient's sera. Potential causes and consequences of the data are discusse

Biologic TNF inhibiting agents for treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Dosing patterns and related costs in Switzerland from a payers perspective

Background: To obtain detailed real-life data on costs and dosing patterns in the utilisation of the TNF inhibitors adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab in patients treated in Switzerland. Methods: Administrative claims processed by a major Swiss health insurer between 2005 and 2008 were analysed. Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) with at least one prescription for adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab were identified. All-cause and disease-specific costs, as well as daily costs of treatment, were calculated. Dosing patterns and discontinuation rates were analysed. Results: A total of 555 IRD patients were identified. All-cause costs during the 12 months after the index event were 20,555CHF in the etanercept group, 24,152CHF in the adalimumab group, and 27,614CHF in the infliximab group. The most important cost driver was mean TNF inhibitor drug cost, which was 15,613CHF in the etanercept group, 19,166CHF in the adalimumab group, and 21,313CHF in the infliximab group. Discontinuation rates during the first year after the index event were 46.8% in etanercept, 41.3% in adalimumab, and 51.2% in the infliximab group. Rates of dosage increase were 13.3% in the etanercept group, 13.0% in the adalimumab group, and 14.1% in the infliximab group. When time on treatment was considered, daily costs of treatment were similar for etanercept and adalimumab, but were higher for infliximab. Conclusions: Marked differences in costs between subcutaneous and intravenous therapies were observed. Among the three groups of patients defined by TNF inhibitor treatment, costs for the infliximab group were highest during the year after the index event.Helsana Versicherungen A

Imitatio Christi. Euskera

Dialecto : texto en euskera occidental -- vizcaínoS. XX -- Periodo : último euskera modernoEuskalkia : mendebalekoa -- bizkaieraXX. md. -- Aroa : azken euskara modernoaDigitalización. Vitoria-Gasteiz : Fundación Sancho el Sabio, 200

Imitatio Christi. Euskera

Dialecto : texto en euskera central -- guipuzcoano puristaS. XX -- Periodo : último euskera modernoEuskalkia : erdialdekoa -- gipuzkera garbizaleaXX. md. -- Aroa : azken euskara modernoaDigitalización. Vitoria-Gasteiz : Fundación Sancho el Sabio, 2008Carton

Imitatio Christi. Euskera

Sign.: A-B6, C4, A-Z6, 2A-2K6, 2L3Ejemplar incompleto, faltan portada y cuatro hojas, sustituidas por textomecanografiadoTraducción atribuida al sacerdote Martin MaisterDialecto : texto en euskera suletinoS. XVIII -- Final del periodo antiguoEuskalkia : zuberoeraXVIII. md. -- Aro zaharraren amaieraDigitalización. Vitoria-Gasteiz : Archivos y Bibliotecas, Marzo 199

Imitatio Christi. Euskera

Sign.: []2, A8, B4, C8, D4, E8, F4, G8, H4, I8, K4, L8, M4, N8, O4, P8, Q4, R8, S4, T8, V4, X8, Y4, Z8, 2A4, 2B8, 2C4, 2D8, 2E4, 2F8, 2G4, 2H8, 2I4, 2K8, 2L4, 2M8, 2N4, 2O3Obra atribuida a Tomás de KempisDialecto : texto en euskera labortanoS. XVIII -- Periodo clásicoEuskalkia : lapurteraXVIII. md. -- Aro klasikoaDigitalización. Vitoria-Gasteiz : Archivos y Bibliotecas, Febrero 1997Pie

Opúsculos marianos

Copia digital. España : Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in chemostat culture reveal how Campylobacter jejuni modulates metabolism, stress responses and virulence factors upon changes in oxygen availability

Campylobacter jejuni, the most frequent cause of food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is a microaerophile that has to survive high environmental oxygen tensions, adapt to oxygen limitation in the intestine and resist host oxidative attack. Here, oxygen-dependent changes in C. jejuni physiology were studied at constant growth rate using carbon (serine)-limited continuous chemostat cultures. We show that a perceived aerobiosis scale can be calibrated by the acetate excretion flux, which becomes zero when metabolism is fully aerobic (100% aerobiosis). Transcriptome changes in a downshift experiment from 150% to 40% aerobiosis revealed many novel oxygen-regulated genes and highlighted re-modelling of the electron transport chains. A label-free proteomic analysis showed that at 40% aerobiosis, many proteins involved in host colonisation (e.g. PorA, CadF, FlpA, CjkT) became more abundant. PorA abundance increased steeply below 100% aerobiosis. In contrast, several citric-acid cycle enzymes, the peptide transporter CstA, PEB1 aspartate/glutamate transporter, LutABC lactate dehydrogenase and PutA proline dehydrogenase became more abundant with increasing aerobiosis. We also observed a co-ordinated response of oxidative stress protection enzymes and Fe-S cluster biogenesis proteins above 100% aerobiosis. Our approaches reveal key virulence factors that respond to restricted oxygen availability and specific transporters and catabolic pathways activated with increasing aerobiosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved