CSRR Loaded 2x1 Triangular MIMO Antenna for LTE Band Operation

A 2´1 (two-element) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) patch antenna system is designed and fabricated for (2.43 – 2.57) GHz LTE band 7 operation. It uses comple-mentary split -ring resonator (CSRR) loading on its ground plane for antenna miniaturization. This reduces the single-element antenna size by 76%. The total board size of the proposed MIMO antenna system, including the GND plane is 50´50´0.8mm3, while the single-patch antenna element has a size of 18.5 ´16mm2. The antenna is fabricated and tested. Measured results are in good agreement with simulations. A minimum measured isolation of 10 dB is obtained given the close interelement spacing of 0.17λ

Bandwidth Enhanced MIMO antenna for LTE bands using Split Ring Resonators and Stubs

In this work, an array of circular patch antenna loaded with a partial split ring and a pair of stubs each with same dimensions, on each of the antenna. Patch of the radius (r) = 7.5mm. The split ring is of the width 1.35mm. the split ring not only accounts for a newer operating band, but also tend to reduce the isolation and the stubs are tends to increase the bandwidth which results in change by 44.92% compared to array of antennas without split rings. The substrate dimensions are 55´30´0.8mm3 and the ground of 55´9mm2. The proposed antennas are simulated using high frequency structural simulator and the results compared with the circular patch antenna without split ring resonators. The results obtained clearly show that, bandwidth of circular micro strip antenna without split ring can be enhanced. The proposed antennas may find applications in LTE band 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 GHz covering a broadband width of 2500MHz

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AN ACETOBACTER ISOLATE FROM CASHEW APPLE AS A POTENTIAL STRAIN FOR VINEGAR PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT Vinegar is defined as a sour liquid containing 4% solution of acetic acid is produced from sugary materials by alcoholic fermentation. In the base of microbial starters, vinegars could be contained of more than 50 types of volatile and aromatic substances that responsible for their sweet taste and smelling. Recently the vinegar industry has a great proportion in agriculture, food and microbial biotechnology. The acetic acid bacteria are from the family Acetobacteraceae. The genus Acetobacter that is primarily used in vinegar manufacturing plants is a gram negative, obligate aerobe coccus or rod shaped bacterium with the size 0.6 -0.8 X 1.0 -4.0 µm, nonmotile or motile with peritrichous flagella and catalase positive -oxidase negative biochemically. Some strains are over oxidizer that could convert acetic acid to carbon dioxide and water. In this research one Acetobacter native strain with high acetic acid productivity was isolated from cashew apple .We used two specific culture media include Carr medium and Frateur medium. In addition to high acetic acid production and high growth rate, this strain had a good tolerance against ethanol concentration that was examined using modified Carr media with 5%, 7% and 9% ethanol concentrations. While the industrial strains of acetic acid bacteria grow in the thermal range of 28 -30 °C, this strain was adapted for growth in 34 -36°C after 96 hours incubation period. These dramatic characteristics suggest a potential strain in production of cashew vinegar with a sweet smell and different nutritional properties in comparison to other vinegar types. The lack of growth after 24, 48 and 72 hours incubation at 34 -36 °C and the growth after 96 hours indicates a good and fast thermal flexibility of this strain as a significant characteristic of biotechnological and industrial strains

Review on Computational Electromagnetics

Computational electromagnetics (CEM) is applied to model the interaction of electromagnetic fields with the objects like antenna, waveguides, aircraft and their environment using Maxwell equations.  In this paper the strength and weakness of various computational electromagnetic techniques are discussed. Performance of various techniques in terms accuracy, memory and computational time for application specific tasks such as modeling RCS (Radar cross section), space applications, thin wires, antenna arrays are presented in this paper

CSRR Loaded 2x1 Triangular MIMO Antenna for LTE Band Operation

A 2´1 (two-element) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) patch antenna system is designed and fabricated for (2.43 – 2.57) GHz LTE band 7 operation. It uses comple-mentary split -ring resonator (CSRR) loading on its ground plane for antenna miniaturization. This reduces the single-element antenna size by 76%. The total board size of the proposed MIMO antenna system, including the GND plane is 50´50´0.8mm3, while the single-patch antenna element has a size of 18.5 ´16mm2. The antenna is fabricated and tested. Measured results are in good agreement with simulations. A minimum measured isolation of 10 dB is obtained given the close interelement spacing of 0.17λ

Soil and Rhizosphere Associated Fungi in Gray Mangroves (Avicennia marina) from the Red Sea — A Metagenomic Approach

Covering a quarter of the world’s tropical coastlines and being one of the most threatened ecosystems, mangroves are among the major sources of terrestrial organic matter to oceans and harbor a wide microbial diversity. In order to protect, restore, and better understand these ecosystems, researchers have extensively studied their microbiology, yet few surveys have focused on their fungal communities. Our lack of knowledge is even more pronounced for specific fungal populations, such as the ones associated with the rhizosphere. Likewise, the Red Sea gray mangroves (Avicennia marina) remain poorly characterized, and understanding of their fungal communities still relies on cultivation-dependent methods. In this study, we analyzed metagenomic datasets from gray mangrove rhizosphere and bulk soil samples collected in the Red Sea coast, to obtain a snapshot of their fungal communities. Our data indicated that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum (76%–85%), while Basidiomycota was less abundant (14%–24%), yet present in higher numbers than usually reported for such environments. Fungal communities were more stable within the rhizosphere than within the bulk soil, both at class and genus level. This finding is consistent with the intrinsic patchiness in soil sediments and with the selection of specific microbial communities by plant roots. Our study indicates the presence of several species on this mycobiome that were not previously reported as mangrove-associated. In particular, we detected representatives of several commercially-used fungi, e.g., producers of secreted cellulases and anaerobic producers of cellulosomes. These results represent additional insights into the fungal community of the gray mangroves of the Red Sea, and show that they are significantly richer than previously reported

A Comparative study of efficacy of Letrozole Versus Clomiphene Citrate in Ovulation Induction in patients with Polycystic Ovarian syndrome

The Ovarian cortex at puberty contains hundreds of thousands of primordial follicles. Initially independent of gonadotropins, a cohort (hundreds) of primordial follicles is recruited to grow. During the early follicle development, the oocyte enlarge and the granulosa cells proliferate to form a preantral follicle. Over 3 – 6 months, the follicle develops FSH receptors in the granulosa cells and LH receptors in the theca cells. At this stage, antral follicles become acutely dependent on FSH for further development. Just before menses, falling estrogen levels result in with drawal of negative feed back centrally leading to increased gonadotropin levels. FSH stimulates granulosacell proliferation and differentiation, with the development of more FSH receptors and the production of aromatase. LH stimulates androstenedione production by theca cells that diffuses in to the granulosa cell providing substrate for estrogen secretion. This step is catalysed by the aromatase enzyme, which is induced by FSH. The so called two – cell, two – gonadotropin theory postulated that FSH concentrations must exceed a certain level (FSH) threshold) before follicular development will proceed. AIM OF STUDY: To study about the comparative efficacy of Letrozole Vs clomiphene citrate in ovulation Induction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 women belonging to eligible criteria of age (21 – 35 yrs) after obtaining informed consent from each participant. Study Design: Cohort study. A prospective, randomized, parallel, multicentric comparative trial. Period of Study: 2008 – 2009. Place of Study: Department of fertility research clinic, IOG, Egmore, Chennai. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age : 21 – 35 yrs. 2. Period of Infertility. 3. PCOS with at least 2 of Diagnostic criteria • Oligomenorrhea / Amenorrhea. • Clinical evidence of Acne / hirsutism. • USG evidence of PCOS. 4. Normal semen analysis. 5. Normal pelvic USG. 6. Normal bilateral tubal patency. 7. No recent treatment for OI (with in 6 months). 8. Willingness and giving written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Women with uterine /adnexal pathology (Eg) fibroid, ovarian cyst are excluded from the study. 2. Women with clinical features of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism are excluded. 3. Those with previous history of any surgeries related to genital tract as per history were excluded. 4. Those with impaired hepatic / renal function were excluded. 5. Women with RBS> 140 mg/d/ were excluded from the study. 6. Age > 35 yrs and obese patients were excluded from this study. 7. Lack of willingness. The participants in this study were subjected to history, clinical and biochemical evaluation. SUMMARY: In the patients recruited in this study, 1. The mean age in L group was 24.8 yrs and in CC group 25.1. years. 2. The mean duration of infertility in L group was 2.43 years and in CC group 2.44 years. 3. In Letrozole group, the ovulation rate was 67% and in CC group 52%. 4. In Letrozole group, 52% of the cases developed single dominant follicle and 15% of the cases had developed two dominant follicles. 5. In CC group only, 6% of the cases had monofollicular ovulation and 23% of the cases developed two follicles. 6. The mean diameter of largest follicle in L group is 21.15 mm and in CC group 18.76 mm. 7. The mean endometrial thickness is L group is 8.6 mm and in CC group 7.1 mm. 8. The serum progesterone level in L group is 13.41 ng/ml and CC group is 12.27 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Letrozole is more effective in inducing ovulation in patients with an ovulatory cycles than clomiphene citrate in terms of monofollicular ovulation and a better endometrial thickness than when compared with clomiphene citrate. The mean diameter of the largest follicle and the serum progesterone level studied showed letrozole was superior than clomiphene citrate in inducing ovulation. Hence Letrozole can be recommended as the first line drug for ovulation induction in anovulatory patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

<span style="font-size:13.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt" lang="EN-GB">Indirect organogenesis from nodal explants of <i>Coccinia grandis</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic"> (L.) Voigt </span></span>

352-354The present study reports an efficient protocol for indirect shoot organogenesis and plantlets regeneration of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt from nodal explants. The maximum frequency of organogenic callus induction was observed in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA). Multiple shoot induction was achieved from the surface of callus on regeneration medium [MS nutrients supplemented with NAA, BA and various concentrations of kinetin (KIN) 0.1-2.0 mg/L]. The highest shoot multiplication (90%) with the increased numbers of shoots (8.7±1.8) and the shoot mean length (8.8±0.4 cm) was achieved on MS medium with 0.1 mg/L NAA, 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L KIN. The regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L IBA. Plantlets with well developed shoot and root systems were successfully acclimatized (83.5%) and exhibited normal morphology and growth characteristics. </span

EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF JUTE INDUSTRY IN INDIA – AN ANALYSIS

Jute is popular for its ability to use in various forms in packaging and handicraft industry. The industry contributes greatly in the country’s economy and has potential to propel the economy in coming years. Jute Textile Industry is one of the major Industries in the Eastern India, particularly in West Bengal. Jute supports around 40 Lakh farm families and provides direct employment to 2.6 Lakh Industrial Workers and 1.4 Lakh in the tertiary sector. The production process in the Jute Industry goes through a variety of activities, which include cultivation of raw jute, processing of jute fibres, spinning, weaving, bleaching, dyeing, finishing and marketing of both, the raw jute and its finished products. So, Jute Industry is labour intensive and as such its labour-output ratio is also high in spite of various difficulties being faced by the industry. Capacity utilization of the industry is around 75 per cent. Jute industry contributes to the export earnings in the range of Rs. 1,000 to Rs.1, 200 crore annually. The paper is an attempt to highlight production & export performance of Indian jute industry in India as well as highlighting the export scenario of Indian jute production in recent years. The study is based on secondary data and information

A Survey on Gateway Approach for Efficient Big-Data Broadcasting

oai:digital.ijre.org:article/251The Broadcasting Big data problem for a single source node to broadcast at a fixed place at rate. We formalized that multiple source node broadcast access at a fixed place at rate. Because of this service to finish with the big data problems to appeal in many of the service recommender systems in shopping market and to build a climbable, efficient and simple system for service level comparison between goods in Market