Enzymes for consumer products to achieve climate neutrality

29 pags., 4 figs., 3 tabs., 1 graf.Accumulated greenhouse gas emissions are expected to increase from 36.2 Giga-tons (Gt) to 60 Gt over the next three decades. The global surface temperature has increased by¿+¿1.09¿°C since 2001, and might increase by¿+¿2.2¿°C in 2100, +3.6¿°C in 2200 and +4.6¿°C in 2500. These emissions and temperature rises cannot be reduced in their entirety, but they can be lowered by using enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions that make life possible since 3.8 billion years ago. Scientists have been able to "domesticate" them in such a way that enzymes, and their engineered variants, are now key players of the circular economy. With a world production of 117 Kilo-tons and a trade of 14.5 Billion-dollars, they have the potential to annually decrease CO2 emissions by 1 to 2.5 Billion-tons (Bt), the carbon demand to synthesise chemicals by 200 Million tons (Mt), the amount of chemicals by 90¿Mt, and the economic losses derived from global warming by 0.5%, while promoting biodiversity and our planet¿s health. Our success to increase these benefits will depend on better integration of enzymatic solutions in different sectors.This study was conducted under the auspices of the FuturEnzyme Project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 101000327. MF also acknowledges Grants PID2020-112758RB-I00, PDC2021-121534-I00, and TED2021-130544B-I00 from the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union (“NextGenerationEU/PRTR”)

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

A child’s hand caught in a bathtub plughole—anesthetic implications of an unusual clinical scenario

Thies K-C. A child’s hand caught in a bathtub plughole—anesthetic implications of an unusual clinical scenario. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2005;28(1): 88

Intra-osseous-access-associated lower limb compartment syndrome in a critically injured paediatric patient

Turner J, Thies K-C. Intra-osseous-access-associated lower limb compartment syndrome in a critically injured paediatric patient. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2018;35(12):981-983

European Trauma Course

Lott C, Thies K-C. European Trauma Course. Notfall + Rettungsmedizin. 2009;12(S2):34-38.The growing appreciation that good trauma care makes a difference in survival and the increasing complexity of the care process have generated an international demand for multidisciplinary trauma education, which is not being met at present. Therefore, the European Trauma Course (ETC) was developed on behalf of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the European Society of Anaesthesiology. The ETC was officially launched during the ERC biennial conference 2008 in Ghent. As ATLS® („Advanced Trauma Life Support®“) represents the standard of trauma education to date, the ETC is the first internationally recognised and certified training course for the initial care of the severely injured with a strong focus on team training. Its modular design allows for adaptation to the differing regional European environments.Die wachsende Einschätzung, dass sich eine gute Trauma-Versorgung positiv auf das Überleben auswirkt, und die zunehmende Komplexität der medizinischen Versorgung haben eine internationale Nachfrage nach multidisziplinärer Trauma-Ausbildung geschaffen, die zurzeit noch nicht gedeckt werden kann. Deshalb wurde im Namen des Europäischen Rats für Wiederbelebung (“European Resuscitation Council”, ERC), der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Trauma und Notfallchirurgie, der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Notfallmedizin und der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie der europäische Trauma-Kurs (“European Trauma Course”, ETC) entwickelt. Der ETC wurde offiziell während der zweijährlichen ERC-Konferenz 2008 in Gent ins Leben gerufen. Während ATLS® (“Advanced Trauma Life Support®”) zurzeit den Standard in der Trauma-Ausbildung darstellt, ist der ETC der erste international anerkannte und zertifizierte Ausbildungskurs zur Erstversorgung von Schwerverletzten mit deutlichem Schwerpunkt auf dem Team-Training. Sein modularer Aufbau erlaubt eine Anpassung an regional unterschiedliche europäische Gegebenheiten

Correspondence

Dennis A, Thies K-C. Accidental arterial cannulation in a child. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(7):626-626

Prehospital blood transfusion: who benefits?

Thies K-C, Ruetzler K. Prehospital blood transfusion: who benefits? The Lancet Haematology. 2022;9(4):e238-e239

Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for reversal of ileostomy in a 2-kg premature neonate

Jacobs A, Thies K-C. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for reversal of ileostomy in a 2-kg premature neonate. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2009;19(12):1237-1238

Keine wesentliche Verbesserung der Versorgung zu erwarten

Thies K-C, Nagele P. Advanced Trauma Life Support® – ein Versorgungsstandard für Deutschland? Der Anaesthesist. 2007;56(11):1147-1154.In den letzten 30 Jahren hat sich der Advanced-Trauma-Life-Support®- (ATLS®-)Kurs zum erfolgreichsten Trainingsprogramm weltweit in der Frühversorgung von Schwerverletzten entwickelt. Es hat in vielen Ländern Traumaversorgungssysteme geprägt und ist nun im Begriff in Deutschland von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) eingeführt zu werden. Nach dem Erscheinen der letzten Auflage im Jahr 2004 wurde ATLS jedoch zunehmend wegen mangelhafter Interdisziplinarität, überholter Inhalte und fehlender Anpassbarkeit an regionale Bedürfnisse kritisiert. Dieser Artikel hinterfragt den Nutzen von ATLS® für das deutsche Traumaversorgungssystem und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass ATLS® wahrscheinlich keinen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Traumaversorgung in Deutschland leisten kann.Over the last 30 years the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS®) course has become the most successful training program in the world for the early care of severely injured patients. It has shaped trauma care systems in many countries and is now on the verge of being introduced into Germany by the German Society of Trauma Surgery (DGU). However, after publication of the latest edition in 2004 there are rising concerns regarding the lack of multi-disciplinarity, out-dated contents and lack of adaptability to regional needs. This article questions the beneficial effect of ATLS® on the advanced German trauma care system and concludes that ATLS is not likely to improve trauma care in Germany

Caudal block:sandwich technique vs. clonidine admixture

Thies K-C, Boos K. Caudal block:sandwich technique vs. clonidine admixture. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2001;18(Supplement 21): 103.Background and goal of the study: Several different techniques are applied to prolong postoperative analgesia in children after caudal block. We have compared the preoperative caudal administration of bupivacaine plus clonidine to the sandwich technique, i.e. the pre- and postoperative caudal administration of plain bupivacaine, regarding the duration of analgesia after hypospadia repair. Materials and methods: Prospective, randomized, observer, patient and parents blind study. Approval of the ethics board was obtained. Inhalational induction and maintenance with halothane and nitrous oxide. Group BC: preoperative caudal block with 0.5 mL kg−1 bupivacaine 0.2% with 2 μg kg−1 clonidine. Group BB: caudal block with 0.5 mL kg−1 bupivacaine 0.2% before and after the procedure (sandwich technique). Duration of analgesia (t) is the interval between the start of the procedure and the first postoperative administration of analgesics. Statistics: Mann-Whitney U Test. Results and discussion: Group BC: 15 patients, median age 17 m, Group BB: 13 patients, median age 25 m (see Figure). The difference in t was: tBB = 12.1 [10-13.6] h (median [lower-upper quartile]) vs. tBC = 6.5 [5-4-6.75] h with P = 0004. Conclusion: Many adjuvants prolong the duration of epidural blocks significantly. Most of these drugs are not evaluated sufficiently for epidural use in children. Safe application of these drugs requires the proof of nonneurotoxicity and the establishment of reliable dose effect relationships. The sandwich technique may be considered as an alternative to the application of adjuvants as long as these requirements are not met