Sécurité et mobilité des adolescents piétons dans l'espace urbain : l'exemple de la communauté urbaine de Lille

Little is known on the detailed characteristics of the mobility and accidents of pedestrian teenagers in France. The safety of pedestrians aged 10 to 15 years has been less studied in the literature than that of younger pedestrians, yet nowadays this age group corresponds to the highest victim rate for pedestrian accidents. The assumption is that this higher rate is due in part to the peculiarities of their mobility and their use of urban space. Through a spatial analysis of the territory of the Lille metropolitan area, this article provides insights into the determinants of this specific involvement of adolescents in pedestrian accidents. This work is based on accident data obtained through the analysis of police reports on injury accidents (occurred in the Lille metropolitan area for the period 2002-2011), and mobility data from the 2006 survey on households' travel activities carried out by the authorities of the Lille metropolitan area. The results highlight the importance of the factors related to the exposure to traffic in the involvement of adolescents in pedestrian accidents. The spatial analysis also reveals specific concentrations of adolescent pedestrian accidents in suburban areas near to urban centers. Finally, through the detailed accident analysis, the main processes leading to accidents involving adolescent pedestrians are identified, as well as the role of some characteristics of infrastructure and spatial contexts in these processes.Les caractéristiques fines de la mobilité et de l'accidentologie des adolescents piétons sont peu connues en France. La sécurité des piétons âgés de dix à quinze ans a été moins étudiée dans la littérature scientifique que celle des plus jeunes piétons, pourtant cette tranche d'âge constitue aujourd'hui la population avec le plus fort taux de victimes piétonnes. L'hypothèse est faite que l'insécurité des piétons adolescents tient en partie à des spécificités de leurs pratiques de mobilité à pied et de leurs usages de l'espace urbain. À travers une analyse spatiale exploratoire sur le terrain d'étude de la communauté urbaine lilloise, cet article apporte des enseignements sur les déterminants de l'implication particulière des adolescents dans les accidents de piétons. Ce travail s'appuie sur un corpus de données d'accidents (résultant de l'analyse des procès-verbaux d'accidents ayant eu lieu entre 2002 à 2011 dans la communauté urbaine de Lille), et des données de mobilité issues de l'enquête ménages-déplacements de la communauté urbaine de 2006. Les résultats montrent l'importance des facteurs d'exposition au trafic des piétons adolescents, dans leur implication dans des accidents. L'analyse spatiale fait également apparaître des concentrations spécifiques d'accidents de piétons adolescents dans les secteurs de proche banlieue des centres urbains. Enfin, l'analyse détaillée des accidents permet de mettre en évidence les principaux processus conduisant aux collisions impliquant des piétons adolescents, et le rôle de certaines caractéristiques d'infrastructure et certains contextes spatiaux dans ces processus

Influence of Travelling Speed on the Risk of Injury Accident: a Matched Case-Control Study

This matched case-control study deals with the effect of the individual travelling speed on the risk of involvement in a road accident. The cases were cars involved in injury accidents dealt with within the framework of an in-depth accident investigation programme. The matched controls were cars passing the same road site as the crash-involved car, in the same conditions but without being involved in an accident. Only normal weather, daytime and free-flow conditions were considered. Overall, 52 cases and 817 controls were used. The speeds were obtained from kinematic reconstructions for the crash-involved cars, and using a laser speed gun for the controls. A significant positive relationship is found between the individual travelling speed and the risk of injury accident. Nevertheless, this study has limitations, due to the relatively small number of cases and to the data used (kinematic reconstructions always involve some degree of interpretation)

Influence of Travelling Speed on the Risk of Injury Accident: a Matched Case-Control Study

This matched case-control study deals with the effect of the individual travelling speed on the risk of involvement in a road accident. The cases were cars involved in injury accidents dealt with within the framework of an in-depth accident investigation programme. The matched controls were cars passing the same road site as the crash-involved car, in the same conditions but without being involved in an accident. Only normal weather, daytime and free-flow conditions were considered. Overall, 52 cases and 817 controls were used. The speeds were obtained from kinematic reconstructions for the crash-involved cars, and using a laser speed gun for the controls. A significant positive relationship is found between the individual travelling speed and the risk of injury accident. Nevertheless, this study has limitations, due to the relatively small number of cases and to the data used (kinematic reconstructions always involve some degree of interpretation)

Insécurité routière des jeunes piétons

This investigation is aimed at better understanding accident processes involving injuries among young pedestrians and at examining the possible preventive strategies. It is based on a qualitative analysis of detailed accident data (complete police reports) concerning young pedestrian injuries and on an analysis of the scientific literature related to the influence of public space design and planning, social and psychological environment, or dealing with the effects of preventive measures. Results show that the most part of young pedestrian accident processes can be described by six main accident scenarios. Various strategies for preventing such accidents are then discussed

Méthodes quantitatives pour l'identification de sections de route dangereuses - Aspects généraux, approches bayésiennes empiriques

Ce document traite des méthodes quantitatives utilisées pour l'identification de sections de route dangereuses dans le cadre de la gestion de la sécurité d'un réseau d'infrastructures. Après un rappel sur les données utilisées et leurs limites (section 2), et sur quelques notions de base, concernant en particulier la prise en compte du nombre d'accidents comme réalisation d'une variable aléatoire de Poisson (section 3), ce document relève les limites des approches conventionnelles d'identification de sections dangereuses s'appuyant sur les nombres d'accidents et taux observés et sur l'utilisation de seuils et d'intervalles de confiance (section 4), puis montre l'apport de l'utilisation d'estimations bayésiennes empiriques, et l'intérêt que peuvent présenter d'autres développements s'appuyant sur l'analyse bayésienne empirique, en présentant le principe de ces méthodes (sections 5 et 6). La section 7 présente un exemple. La section 8 porte sur le cas où on s'intéresse au d'accidents plutôt qu'au nombre d'accidents. Dans la section 9, nous revenons sur quelques choix méthodologiques (sectionnement, critères de classement des sections : nombre, taux, gain potentiel, coût d'insécurité...) et leurs implications

Les faux semblants de la mobilité durable.: Risques sociaux et environnementaux

National audienc

Réflexions sur le sens des mots - piéton, marche, déambulation...

Journées Marc Wiel 2017, Brest, FRANCE, 09-/11/2017 - 10/11/2017National audienceLe propos de cette brève communication est de montrer qu'un travail critique sur la charge de sens de différents mots relatifs au piéton et à la marche, tels qu'ils sont utilisés dans le domaine de l'aménagement et de l'urbanisme, peut être fructueux et contribuer à soulever ou à alimenter des débats sur le cadrage des problèmes publics correspondants, et sur les intentions et le contenu même des politiques d'aménagement, d'organisation des déplacements et de conception des espaces publics

Les faux semblants de la mobilité durable.: Risques sociaux et environnementaux

National audienc

Safe, sustainable... but depoliticized and uneven - A critical view of urban transport policies in France

This article offers a critical view of the contemporary urban policies undertaken in France in the name of safe, sustainable urban transport strategies. It seeks to show how a spatially and socially selective ordering is under way in French transport planning and policies by presenting an overview of research and empirical results dealing with the narratives and the implementation of these policies. Firstly, urban transport policies were analysed as narratives. Stressing users' individual responsibility and their capacity to adopt economically rational behaviours, and conveying moral injunctions for them to adopt the 'right', safe, healthy, sustainable mobility behaviours, a depoliticized framing of issues characterizes these public policies. Referring to theoretical frameworks related to neoliberalisation as a rationality, our hypothesis is that a neoliberal rationality feeds these policies by ignoring a certain number of macrosocial determinants. Moreover, the use of morality works as a powerful democratic anaesthetic that dissolves any objection. Secondly, we studied how these policies, legitimated by 'noble causes' and depoliticized, influence the organization of traffic in the city, and to what extent they lead to a selective and uneven treatment of urban spaces. While sustainable mobility is frequently presented as a major objective in the field of urban planning for transport and travel, contemporary policies do not seek to reduce polluting modes of travel overall. They rather seek to direct them onto bypass road infrastructures to reduce their negative impacts on the city's main sites. 'Sustainable' policies oppose the car only in certain spaces and for certain uses. With reference to theoretical frameworks related to the entrepreneurial mutation of urban policies, our interpretation is that these policies are part of urban marketing strategies of cities engaged in inter-urban competition processes. These policies lead to an increase in the value and attractiveness of strategic areas of the city, and tend to displace problems (cars, noise, pollution..., and deprived populations) to other parts of the urban territory