23 research outputs found
Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia sobre o tratamento da migrânea crônica
Chronic migraine poses a significant personal, social and economic burden and is characterized by headache present on 15 or more days per month for at least three months, with at least eight days of migrainous headache per month. It is frequently associated with analgesic or acute migraine medication overuse and this should not be overlooked. The present consensus was elaborated upon by a group of members of the Brazilian Headache Society in order to describe current evidence and to provide recommendations related to chronic migraine pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. Withdrawal strategies in medication overuse headache are also described, as well as treatment risks during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oral topiramate and onabotulinum toxin A injections are the only treatments granted Class A recommendation, while valproate, gabapentin, and tizanidine received Class B recommendation, along with acupuncture. biofeedback, and mindfulness. The anti-CGRP or anti-CGRPr monoclonal antibodies, still unavailable in Brazil, are promising new drugs already approved elsewhere for migraine prophylactic treatment, the efficacy of which in chronic migraine is still to be definitively proven777509520A migrânea (enxaqueca) crônica determina uma carga pessoal, social e econômica significativa e é caracterizada por dor de cabeça presente em quinze ou mais dias por mês por ao menos três meses, com no mínimo oito dias de cefaleia migranosa a cada mês. É frequentemente associada ao uso excessivo de medicação analgésica ou antimigranosa aguda e isso não deve ser negligenciado. Este consenso foi elaborado por um grupo de membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia, para descrever as evidências atualmente disponíveis e fornecer recomendações relacionadas ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico da migrânea crônica. Estratégias de retirada na cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos também são descritas, assim como os riscos dos tratamentos durante a gravidez e a amamentação. O topiramato oral e as injeções de toxina onabotulínica A são os únicos tratamentos que receberam a recomendação classe A, enquanto que o valproato, a gabapentina e a tizanidina receberam recomendação classe B, juntamente com acupuntura, biofeedback e mindfulness. Os anticorpos monoclonais anti-CGRP ou anti-CGRPr, ainda não disponíveis no Brasil, são novos fármacos promissores, já aprovados em outros países para o tratamento profilático da migrânea, cuja eficácia na migrânea crônica ainda está por ser definitivamente comprovad
Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil
The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.
BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK
Background
A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials.
Methods
This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674.
Findings
Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation.
Interpretation
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials
Pressao arterial elevada em criancas e sua correlacao com tres definicoes de obesidade infantil
FUNDAMENTO: Diversos autores correlacionaram o aumento do risco cardiovascular com o estado nutricional, porém existem diferentes critérios para a classificação de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho de três critérios de classificação nutricional em crianças, como definidores da presença de obesidade e preditores de níveis pressóricos elevados em escolares. MÉTODOS: Oitocentas e dezessete crianças de 6 a 13 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas do município de Vila Velha (ES) foram submetidas a avaliação antropométrica e de pressão arterial. A classificação quanto ao estado nutricional foi estabelecida mediante dois critérios internacionais (CDC/NCHS 2000 e IOTF 2000) e um critério brasileiro (Conde e Monteiro 2006). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi maior quando utilizado o critério de Conde e Monteiro (27%), e menor pelo critério do IOTF (15%). Pressão arterial elevada foi observada em 7,3% das crianças. Identificou-se forte associação entre a presença de excesso de peso e a ocorrência de níveis pressóricos elevados, independentemente do critério utilizado (p < 0,001). O critério que demonstrou maior sensibilidade em prever PA elevada foi o de Conde e Monteiro (44%), enquanto o de maior especificidade (94%), além de maior acurácia geral (63%), foi o do CDC. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de excesso de peso em crianças brasileiras é maior quando utilizado o critério de classificação de Conde e Monteiro, e menor quando utilizado o critério do IOTF. O critério de classificação brasileiro demonstrou ser o mais sensível como preditor de risco de PA elevada nessa amostra
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PACIENTES COM SÍNDROME PÓS-COVID-19 ATENDIDOS EM UM AMBULATÓRIO DE REFERÊNCIA EM BELÉM-PA
Introdução/Objetivo: Pesquisas relacionadas às condições clínicas pós-COVID-19 vem sendo realizadas para avaliar o impacto da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, após a fase ativa da doença. A associação complexa de sintomas cognitivos, psicológicos e motores, cujos sintomas e anormalidades persistem além de 12 semanas do início da infecção aguda, foi denominado de Síndrome Pós-COVID-19, podendo interferir diretamente na qualidade de vida e funcionalidade desses indivíduos. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a qualidade de vida em pacientes com Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 na região metropolitana de Belém. Métodos: Estudo realizado em pacientes com Síndrome Pós-COVID-19, residentes na região metropolitana de Belém, atendidos no Núcleo de Medicina Tropical da Universidade Federal do Pará, no período de fevereiro de 2022 a junho de 2023. Todos os participantes responderam a dois questionários internacionais relacionados à qualidade de vida e validados para o Brasil. Primeiramente responderam ao questionário Europeu de Qualidade de Vida, em cinco dimensões e cinco níveis (EQ5D5L) e posteriormente a Escala de Dispnéia-Medical Research Council-Modificada (MRC). Todos os dados foram tabulados e analisados com o Microsoft Excel 2019. Resultados: Foram avaliados 111 pacientes, sendo 80,18% do sexo feminino, 88,9% tinham mais de 45 anos. O EQ 5D-5L evidenciou melhor qualidade de vida nas dimensões cuidados pessoais (82,8%) e mobilidade (64,9%), em contrapartida, os piores índices foram identificados em dor/mal-estar e ansiedade/depressão. Apresentaram limitações leves (17,11%), moderadas (28,82%) e graves (8,1%) para realização de atividades habituais. Em relação a MRC, 49 pacientes apresentaram dispneia grau 1, 14 com grau 2 e 8 indivíduos com grau 3. Entre os sintomas clínicos relatados, dores articulares foi o mais prevalente (26,12%), seguido de ansiedade (18,9%), perda de memória (17,11%), queda de cabelo (14,41%) e dispneia (12,6%). Conclusão: Notou-se um agravamento da qualidade de vida, evidenciando maior vulnerabilidade a quadros de dor/mal-estar, ansiedade/depressão e dispneia grave. O que pode dificultar a realização das atividades diárias, desempenho profissional e interações sociais. Esses achados corroboram para futuras melhorias na cobertura e assistência a esses pacientes, que através de acompanhamento multidisciplinar e tratamentos adequados poderão retornar as suas atividades funcionais diárias
Metabolic Effects of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles on Cervical Carcinoma Cells and Nontumorigenic Keratinocytes
The
cytotoxic response, cellular uptake, and metabolomic profile
of HeLa and HaCaT cell lines treated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
(CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs) were investigated in this study.
Cell viability assays showed low cytotoxicity caused by the uptake
of the nanoparticles at 2 mg/mL. However, metabolomics revealed that
these nanoparticles impacted cell metabolism even when tested at a
concentration that presented low cytotoxicity according to the cell
viability assay. The two cell lines shared stress-related metabolic
changes such as increase in alanine and creatine levels. A reduced
level of fumarate was also observed in HeLa cells after treatment
with the nanoparticles, and this alteration can inhibit tumorigenesis.
Fumarate is considered to be an oncometabolite that can inhibit prolyl
hydroxylase, and this inhibition stabilizes HIF1α, one of the
master regulators of tumorigenesis that promotes tumor growth and
development. In summary, this study showed that nanoparticle-treated
HeLa cells demonstrated decreased concentrations of metabolites associated
with cell proliferation and tumor growth. The results clearly indicated
that treatment with these nanoparticles might cause a perturbation
in cellular metabolism